异丙隆·唑草酮WP防除冬小麦田杂草的效果

70％异丙隆·唑草酮WP在冬小麦田使用,用量1200—3000g／hm^2,药后15d、34d、135d对禾本科杂草的株防效分别为40．24％～63．89％、86．51％-99．19％、80．84％-99．74％,药后135d对禾本科杂草的鲜重防效为81．60％～99．75％。药后15d、34d对阔叶草的株防效分别为64．68％-84．60％、88．70％-99．14％。药后135d对冬小麦田总草的株防效为80．75％～99。59％,鲜重防效为81．56％-99．60％。70％异丙隆·唑草酮WP对麦田杂草的防效优良,且持效期长达135d。     

75％三氟啶磺隆钠盐水分散粒剂防除甘蔗田杂草的效果

甘蔗播种后田间杂草3～4叶期,用75％三氟啶磺隆钠盐水分散粒剂30-45g／hm^2对杂草进行茎叶喷雾1次,对胜红蓟的株数防效和鲜重防效分别为88％～100％和91％～100％;对阔叶丰花草的株数防效和鲜重防效分别为80．3％～95．8％和96．9％～97．5％;对香附子的株数防效和鲜重防效分别为92．7％～94．6％和97．5％;对绿苋、牵牛的防效与胜红蓟相当;对少花龙葵、鼠曲草的防效显著低于其他阔叶杂草;对马唐等禾本科杂草的防效差。2006年试验,75％三氟啶磺隆纳盐水分散粒剂30～45g／hm^2甘蔗无药害,用量45～60g／hm^2甘蔗叶片出现轻微褪绿症状。2007年试验,75％三氟啶磺隆纳盐水分散粒剂15—60g／hm^2甘蔗均出现药害。75％三氟啶磺隆纳盐水分散粒剂用后80d,甘蔗苗高、横围径、分蘖数与莠灭净、人工除草处理相当,均极显著好于空白对照。     

30％苯甲·丙环唑乳油（爱苗）

30％苯甲·丙环唑乳油（爱苗）对水稻纹枯病、稻曲病、稻粒黑粉病、胡麻斑病、叶鞘腐败病等穗期综合症有显著防效。能调节水稻生长,保护功能叶,抗早衰,从而达到增产的目的。项目实施情况表明,使用爱苗后平均可增产10％～15％,亩增产50～75kg稻谷,亩增收100～150元。     

麦类的拌种药剂

一、粉锈宁 粉锈宁(三唑酮)拌种对麦苗无不良影响。麦粒经拌种后,可使白粉病发生期推迟10～15天,甚或冬前无白粉病病株出现;即使发病,其程度也明显减轻。开春后,麦苗返青期中的病叶率也能控制在1％以下,对白粉病的防效为56～75％。在拌种的基础上,于灌浆期中再每亩用有效成分25克兑水75公斤喷雾,可提高防效达93.7％。轻发年和轻发田经拌种后在穗期可不再施用农药;对中等偏重发生年(田),亦可少施1次农药。     

河套灌区覆膜沟灌对加工番茄生长效应与品质的影响

针对传统灌溉中存在不足,在内蒙古河套灌区研究了沟灌覆膜和无覆膜形式对加工番茄植株生育指标、品质、水分生产率、地上植株干物质积累量和番茄产量以及经济效益的影响。结果表明：覆膜处理对沟灌措施下的番茄植株的株高相比无覆膜处理增加达43％,茎粗增加达45％,番茄红素分别增加6．5％～25．4％;水分生产率及地上植株干物质的积累也分别提高了56％和22％,植株产量增长了1848．15～2768．89 kg·667m－2,农民也得到了692．75～1592．75元·667m－2的增产收入。因此在沟灌加工番茄生产中采取覆膜种植能有效促进生长并能取得良好的经济效益。     

异丙隆·唑草酮WP防除冬小麦田杂草的效果

70％异丙隆·唑草酮WP在冬小麦田使用,用量1200—3000g／hm^2,药后15d、34d、135d对禾本科杂草的株防效分别为40．24％～63．89％、86．51％-99．19％、80．84％-99．74％,药后135d对禾本科杂草的鲜重防效为81．60％～99．75％。药后15d、34d对阔叶草的株防效分别为64．68％-84．60％、88．70％-99．14％。药后135d对冬小麦田总草的株防效为80．75％～99。59％,鲜重防效为81．56％-99．60％。70％异丙隆·唑草酮WP对麦田杂草的防效优良,且持效期长达135d。     

磺酰脲类除草剂对加拿大一枝黄花的防除效果

3月中旬至4月中旬加拿大一枝黄花幼苗高15cm以下，用75％甲嘧磺隆印～80g／667m^2或40％葫芦净150～200g／667m^2，防除非耕地加拿大一枝黄花的效果达90％以上，并能杀死根茎，可以达到一次用药根除的目的。     

保护利用瓢虫防治甘蔗绵蚜

1982～1985年,在广西武鸣华侨农场进行保护利用瓢虫控制蔗田绵蚜为害试验。主要措施是保护安全越冬、越夏。冬季室内饲养,室温18～20℃,相对湿度75～85％;翌年4月,大突肩瓢虫越冬存活率为62,96～82.92％;双带盘瓢虫存活率45.71～100％。保护安全越夏的最适室温为23～26℃,相对湿度75～85％,大突肩瓢虫越夏存活率为69.13％(当年第一代成虫)和53.8％(越冬代成虫)。双带盘瓢虫抗逆性较强,在一般室内即能越夏。4年来累计释放两种瓢虫的成、幼虫共44661头,防治蔗田绵蚜效果明显,减少蚜害株率96.6％、蚜害叶片率90％。     

保水剂、氮肥及其交互作用对马铃薯生长和产量的效应

在陕北半干旱地区对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosumL.)进行保水剂及保水剂配施氮肥田间应用试验，苗期保水剂采用两种用法(沟施、穴施)、两个深度(5cm、10～15cm)处理，现蕾期追施氮肥形成保水剂及保水剂配施和氮肥交互组合处理，研究保水剂及保水剂配施氮肥的增产效应。结果表明：在苗期，保水剂使马铃薯的冠幅面积增加11．8％～54．8％；保水剂结合氮肥，可以提高不同阶段马铃薯叶片的光合速率，增加花期生物积累量46．7％～98．8％，延长马铃薯茎叶生育期14～15d，增加马铃薯块茎产量75．0％～108．3％，特别是直径较大商品薯的产量。不同方式施用保水剂都能促进马铃薯生长，增加块茎产量，其中以保水剂开沟深施10～15cm结合氮肥效果最佳。     

河北省冬小麦干旱预测技术研究

本研究以河北省冬小麦干旱综合监测模型为基础,对其包含的土壤相对湿度指数、作物水分亏缺距平指数、降水量距平指数进行未来10天的预测,建立冬小麦干旱预测模型;应用2001年、2008-2010年唐山、涿州、定州、黄骅、深县、栾城、南宫、肥乡8个站气象和土壤墒情资料,以农田土壤水分平衡方程为依据,对0 ～ 50 cm、0～20 cm土壤相对湿度预测结果和冬小麦干旱预测模型模拟结果进行检验.结果表明:0～50 cm土壤相对湿度相对误差在10％以下的站点占73％,在10％ ～ 15％的占12％,在15％以上的占15％;0～ 20 cm土壤相对湿度相对误差在10％以下的站点占68.4％,在10％ ～ 15％的占13.7％,在15％以上的占17.9％;干旱预测模型预测准确率为77.8％,如果以预测结果与监测结果相差一个干旱等级为正确,则干旱预测与监测结果完全一致,干旱预测模型可满足业务应用的需要,但干旱预测模型预测准确率依赖于降水预报的准确率.     

Persistence and residual activity of an organophosphate, pirimiphos-methyl, and three IGRs, hexaflumuron, teflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen, against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Three insect growth regulators (IGR), the chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) teflubenzuron and hexaflumuron and the juvenile hormone mimic (JHM) pyriproxyfen, as well as the organophosphate (OP) pirimiphos-methyl, were evaluated for their activity against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F), in cowpea seeds stored for up to 8 months post-treatment. The initial activity data showed that, based on LC50 level, teflubenzuron had strong ovicidal activity (LC50 = 0.056 mg kg(-1)) followed by pirimiphos-methyl (1.82 mg kg(-1)) and pyriproxyfen (91.9 mg kg(-1)). The residual activity data showed that none of the IGRs tested had strong activity when applied at 200 mg kg(-1) in reducing the oviposition rates of C maculatus at various storage intervals up to 8 months post-treatment. However, teflubenzuron reduced adult emergence (F1 progeny), achieving control ranging from 96.2% at 1 month to 94.3% at 8 months. Hexaflumuron showed a similar trend in its residual activity, ranging between 93.8% control at 1 month to 88.2% control at 8 months post-treatment. However, pyriproxyfen was more active than the CSIs tested and caused complete suppression (100% control) of adult emergence at all storage intervals. Unlike the IGRs tested, pirimiphos-methyl applied at 25 mg kg(-1) was more effective in reducing oviposition rates of C maculatus up to 8 months post-treatment. A strong reduction of adult emergence was also observed at various bimonthly intervals (98.6% control at 1 month to 91.6% control at 8 months post-treatment). The persistence of hexaflumuron and pirimiphos-methyl in cowpea seeds was also studied over a period of 8 months. The loss of hexaflumuron residue in treated cowpeas (200 mg kg(-1)) was very slow during the first month post-treatment (4.43%). At the end of 8 months, the residue level had declined significantly to 46.4% of the initial applied rate. The loss of pirimiphos-methyl residue in treated cowpeas (25 mg kg(-1)) was relatively high during the first month post-treatment (36.7%) and increased to 81.6% after 8 months.     

农抗120防治小麦白粉病的应用技术研究

1989—1990年在河南省8个县市对农抗120防治小麦白粉病进行了田间试验。结果表明:在4月上中旬,小麦白粉病发生的病株率达15～20％,病叶率10％左右时,应用100ppm农抗120喷雾防治2次,防效达70～85％。防病效果与防治时间、喷药次数和发病程度关系密切。施药越晚,效果越差。农抗120的防治效果优于多菌灵等常用化学药剂,在发病初期喷药2次,防治效果与施用粉锈宁相近,可作为粉锈宁紧缺情况下的首选替补药物。但在病害大流行时施用,作用缓慢,效果较差。     

人参黑斑病生防菌的分离鉴定及防效

本研究以人参链格孢为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法从人参根际土壤筛选出一株拮抗细菌YJ 3-7,结合细胞形态判断、16S rDNA和gyrA基因序列比对分析,鉴定菌株YJ 3-7为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。该菌株的发酵液、菌悬液和无菌发酵液对人参链格孢的生长均具有抑制作用,抑制率分别为98.76%、98.27%和70.62%。离体叶片和盆栽试验表明YJ 3-7发酵液可以较好地防治人参黑斑病,防效分别为63.24%和67.92%,盆栽防效略低于多菌灵(72.81%)。除此之外,菌株YJ 3-7还能有效抑制其他8种病原真菌的生长。研究表明贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YJ 3-7抑菌谱广,对人参黑斑病具有显著的防治效果,在植物病害防治中具有一定的应用潜力,可为人参黑斑病生物防治药剂的开发奠定基础。     

Activity of cyazofamid against Sclerospora graminicola, a downy mildew disease of pearl millet

The efficacy of cyazofamid was tested against pearl millet downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola Schroet. Significant inhibition of sporangial sporulation, zoospore release and motility was observed at 0.3 mg mL(-1), and this concentration also provided good fungicidal activity under in vitro conditions. Under glasshouse conditions, none of the concentrations tested, either 0.01-2 mg mL(-1) as seed treatment or 1-10 mg mL(-1) by foliar application, was found to be phytotoxic. The effect of cyazofamid was tested by seed treatment alone, seed treatment followed by foliar application and foliar application alone. Seed treatment with cyazofamid offered only 19.7% disease control, but seed treatment followed by a single foliar application to diseased plants provided good control over disease, seed treatment with two foliar applications was significantly superior and foliar application alone showed a high level of activity, with 10 mg mL(-1) giving 97.9% disease control. Lack of systemic activity of cyazofamid was evident, root treatment giving disease levels on a par with the untreated control. The fungicide exhibited strong curative activity, but only moderate translaminar activity, with only marginal (34.8%) disease control after treatment of the adaxial leaf surface at 10 mg mL(-1). Loss of cyazofamid activity over time was very low, indicating stable residual and rainfastness activity. These results indicate that cyazofamid has a high potential to be an effective fungicide for the control of downy mildew disease of pearl millet.     

烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为获得对烟草黑胫病（tobacco black shank）具有较好拮抗作用的菌株,从食腐昆虫美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana肠道分离纯化得到1株对烟草黑胫病具有较强抑制作用的D5-8菌株,拟进一步明确该菌株的分类地位,优化其发酵条件并测定其对烟草黑胫病的防治效果。利用形态特征、生理生化特性观察及16S rRNA基因序列分析对D5-8菌株进行鉴定;以细菌发酵液OD₆₀₀值及对病原菌的抑制率为指标,对其发酵培养基和发酵条件进行单因素试验及正交试验;通过室内盆栽试验,明确菌株D5-8对烟草黑胫病的防治效果。结果表明,经平板对峙试验发现菌株D5-8对烟草寄生疫霉的抑制率达66.80%;通过形态特征和生理生化特征初步确定菌株D5-8为芽胞杆菌属Bacillus,结合16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定菌株D5-8为特基拉芽胞杆菌Bacillus tequilensis;其最适培养基：牛肉浸膏8 g,酵母浸粉5 g,麦芽糖10 g,蒸馏水1000 mL;最佳的发酵条件为温度28℃、初始pH 6、转速210 r/min、装液量30 mL、接种量2%、培养时间60 h、光照时间4 h;盆栽试验结果表明,发酵条件优化后D5-8发酵液（10⁸cfu/mL）对烟草黑胫病的保护防效和治疗防效可达66.89%和53.72%,均高于原始发酵液的61.84%和51.83%。研究结果为特基拉芽胞杆菌D5-8生防菌剂的开发及其对烟草黑胫病的防治应用提供了理论依据。     

红火蚁克星对入侵红火蚁的防治效果

经过一年来的野外试验,结果表明红火蚁克星对红火蚁具有显著的控制效果。施药后4d,红火蚁全巢死亡率达83.33～92.31%,施药后7～10d全巢死亡。施药后90d和180d监测结果表明,诱测点在6个月内未出现新的蚁巢。     

甜菜褐斑病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定

 Three hundred and one endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from healthy sugar beet plants in severely diseased plots in Changji County,Xinjiang Province.Three endophytic bacteria strains,1-5,4-1 and 4-3,showed relatively strong antagonistic against Cercospora beticola.Strain 1-5 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa,while strains 4-1 and 4-3 were as Bacillus flexus and Stenotrophomonas sp. by their morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results from several experiment trials showed that the endophytic bacteria could reduce the disease incidence of sugar beet.The control efficiency reached from 67.6% to 80.2%, indicating that biocontrol with endophytic bacteria was an alternative and potential method to control sugar beet fungi disease.     

乙唑螨腈与螺螨酯混用对柑橘全爪螨的田间防治效果评价

柑橘全爪螨 Panonychus citri 是一种重要的世界性害螨, 已对多种常用杀螨剂产生了不同程度的抗性?为有效控制该害螨的危害, 本研究于2017年-2018年通过田间小区试验评价了30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC?30%乙唑螨腈SC?240 g/L螺螨酯SC?1.8%阿维菌素EC及43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果及其对柑橘树的安全性?研究结果表明:试验浓度下, 叶面喷施1次上述药剂均对柑橘树安全?30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC及30%乙唑螨腈SC能有效控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性好, 持效期长达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为76.55%~100%和81.21%~98.30%?240 g/L螺螨酯SC和43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的控制作用较好, 速效性一般而持效期可达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为69.15%~91.55%和64.63%~88.46%?1.8%阿维菌素EC难以控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性较差, 持效期约15 d; 药后1~30 d对该害螨的防治效果为57.08%~83.39%?综上所述, 在柑橘生产实践中, 为有效控制柑橘全爪螨为害, 应于害螨初发期叶面喷施1次30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC 75 mg/kg或30%乙唑螨腈SC 100 mg/kg?     

4种剂型噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的田间防治效果

2018年—2019年,采用田间小区试验评价了噻虫胺4种剂型(30%悬浮剂、18%包埋颗粒剂、13.5%壳聚糖微球和0.5%颗粒剂)及2种施用方式(喷雾和沟施)对柑橘木虱的防治效果。结果表明:叶面喷施30%噻虫胺悬浮剂60 mg/kg处理对幼年树及成年树上柑橘木虱的控制效果好且持效期约30 d,而药后46~96 d的防治效果大幅下降,难以控制其为害。在幼年树根部周围拌毒土沟施时,噻虫胺18%包埋颗粒剂和13.5%壳聚糖微球0.1~0.2 g/株处理对柑橘木虱的控制效果较好,且持效期长达96 d;0.5%噻虫胺颗粒剂0.1 g/株处理对柑橘木虱的效果好且持效期达46 d,而药后66~96 d的防治效果下降明显,难以控制其为害;在0.1 g/株剂量下,0.5%噻虫胺颗粒剂药后7~30 d的效果最好、18%包埋颗粒剂次之、13.5%壳聚糖微球稍差,而18%包埋颗粒剂药后46~96 d的效果最佳、13.5%壳聚糖微球次之、0.5%颗粒剂稍差。在成年树根部周围沟施时,噻虫胺18%包埋颗粒剂、13.5%壳聚糖微球0.6~0.8 g/株处理对柑橘木虱的控制效果好且持效期长达89 d,而0.5%噻虫胺颗粒剂0.2 g/株处理的效果较好且持效期长达89 d;在0.2 g/株剂量下,不同剂型噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的防效差异与幼年树基本一致。此外,当剂型、剂量及施用方式均相同时,噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的控制作用略低于噻虫嗪。综上所述,在柑橘生产实践中,若田间柑橘木虱发生量大,应喷施1次30%噻虫胺悬浮剂60 mg/kg;为有效控制幼年树柑橘木虱为害,应于初发期拌毒土沟施1次,使用药剂为18%噻虫胺包埋颗粒剂,用量为0.2 g/株;针对成年树柑橘木虱,则需将其用量增至0.6 g/株。     

丙硫磷控制稻瘟病的作用方式及应用技术

经１９９３－１９９５年生物测定和田间多点试验示范发现；１．丙硫磷对稻瘟菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成有显著的抑制活性，ＥＣ５０为１０３．３ｍｈ／Ｌ，５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的抑菌率达９６．２％；２．丙硫磷１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ对水稻苗叶瘟和穗瘟的预防效果分别为７９．４％和９０．７％，治疗效果分别为３９．３％和４１．８％；３丙硫磷６００－９００ｇ／ｈｍ＾２防治双季稻和瓜后稻穗瘟病的田间小区效果分别为７０．８％－８０．２％和