枸溶性钾肥的水稻肥效

通过盆栽试验研究了5种钾肥[粉碎性钾矿粉(K1)、全部枸溶性钾肥(K2)、含25%水溶性钾的枸溶性钾肥(K3)、含50%水溶性钾的枸溶性钾肥(K4)和硫酸钾(K5),施钾量均为K2O 150 mg/kg]及其施用量(0.5K2、K2、1.5K2和2K2,施钾量分别为K2O 75、150、225和300 mg/kg)和配施(0.5K2+0.5K5)对水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量的影响。研究结果表明,与不施钾相比,施钾肥处理(除K1外)均显著提高水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量。在相同施钾量下,随着肥料水溶性钾比例的增加,水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量表现为先上升后下降的趋势,其中水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量以K4(分别为240.90 g/盆、2.60 g/盆、75.4 mg/kg)和K3(分别为234.86 g/盆、2.24 g/盆、73.9 mg/kg)处理最高。与水溶性钾肥(K5)处理相比,K4和K3处理均显著提高了水稻产量、钾素吸收量和土壤速效钾含量,分别提高了9.35%和6.61%、40.43%和21.26%、22.01%和19.58%(P0.05)。水稻产量、钾素吸收量及土壤速效钾含量随同一种枸溶性钾肥(K2)施用量的增加而增加,以2K2最高。综合结果表明,在相同施钾量下,含25%~50%水溶性钾的枸溶性钾肥(K4和K3)对水稻的增产效果最佳,而全部枸溶性钾肥在2倍施钾量下可获得相同增产效果。     

Studies on the mechanisms of fixation and release of ammonium in paddy soils after flooding. I. Effect of iron oxides on ammonium fixation

Experiments were conducted with two typical paddy soils from China and a vermiculite to study the influence of iron oxides on the fixation and release of ammonium. Removing iron oxides, especially amorphous iron oxides, from the soils favoured the release of non-exchangeable NH₄-N and stimulated the fixation of NH₄-N in the presence of added (NH₄)₂SO₄. Addition of artificial goethite and hematite to the original soils or to the soils free of iron oxides reduced the fixation of NH₄⁺-ions. This effect was also observed with vermiculite. We conclude that the coating of clay minerals with iron oxides has an impact on the diffusion of NH₄⁺-ions into and out of the interlayers of the clay minerals. The reduction and dissolution of iron oxides induced by low redox potential (E_h) after flooding of paddy soils is assumed to be an important mechanism controlling NH₄⁺-fixation in paddy fields.