4种生物农药抗番木瓜花叶病毒病的效果及其生理基础研究

用壳聚糖、海岛素、香菇多糖及宁南霉素等4种生物农药对"台农二号"番木瓜苗灌根+喷雾处理后,测定植株叶片中相关防御酶活性及对番木瓜花叶病毒病的防效。结果表明,宁南霉素0.05 g/L、壳聚糖0.5 g/L、香菇多糖10 g/L、海岛素10 g/L处理对番木瓜花叶病毒病的防效分别达到94.2%、91.2%、82.7%、51.9%,前三者分别比禾甲安防效(77.7%)高21.2%、17.4%和6.4%。处理后第1、5天壳聚糖0.5 g/L,第1、5、14天宁南霉素0.05 g/L,第14天香菇多糖10 g/L,PPO、SOD、POD等3种防御酶活性显著高于对照(清水)和禾甲安;第3天海岛素10 g/L处理的3种防御酶活性显著高于对照(清水)。说明壳聚糖、海岛素、宁南霉素、香菇多糖处理番木瓜苗能有效防控番木瓜花叶病病情发展。     

壳聚糖抑菌复合膜对蓝莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响

为研究壳聚糖抑菌复合膜对蓝莓的贮藏保鲜效果，利用壳聚糖、百里香精油与不同类型的天然大分子乳化剂制备抑菌性复合膜，并对蓝莓进行熏蒸处理，考察蓝莓在0℃冷库贮藏过程中的感官评分、失重率、腐烂率和营养成分变化。结果表明：添加乳化剂对复合膜的色泽、厚度和透湿性都产生不同的影响。经壳聚糖抑菌复合膜包装后，蓝莓的保鲜效果有了明显提升，较好地保持了果实的色泽、风味和新鲜度；在贮藏20 d后，与其他处理相比，CA膜（壳聚糖-阿拉伯胶复合膜）+1.5%壳聚糖+1.0%植物精油处理组的腐烂率最低，较大地保持了可滴定酸、维生素C和花青素的含量，研究结果为新型抑菌活性保鲜材料的开发提供了参考。     

光照对红豆杉幼苗生长及黄酮、多糖含量的影响

为了更好地开发利用红豆杉苗木资源,以4年生太行红豆杉和南方红豆杉为试验材料,研究了不同光照条件对不同产地红豆杉的生长量及黄酮、多糖含量的影响。结果表明:T3植株高、基茎粗和主茎高的增加量均最高,分别为35.57cm、6.8mm和33.47cm;T1多糖含量最高,达到198.01mg/g;T3黄酮含量最高,达到155.75mg/g。南方红豆杉在全光照条件下生长最快,黄酮含量在全光照条件下高于70%遮荫的光照条件,而多糖含量在70%遮荫条件下高于全光照条件;太行红豆杉在全光照条件下的黄酮、多糖含量均高于70%遮荫环境。     

海藻酸钠作为鲜切果蔬保鲜成膜基质材料的应用研究进展

可食膜处理是保持鲜切果蔬品质和延长其货架期的有效手段,现已广泛应用于鲜切果蔬的保鲜中。海藻酸钠是一种天然多糖,具有良好的成膜性、透气性、生物相容性和生物降解性,在鲜切果蔬的保鲜中常用作成膜基质材料。现介绍了鲜切果蔬的特性、海藻酸钠的性质及应用概况,综述了海藻酸钠作为鲜切果蔬保鲜成膜基质材料在防止褐变、抑制微生物污染和延长货架期方面的最新进展,并对海藻酸钠复合膜在鲜切果蔬上的应用前景和研究方向进行了探讨。     

麒麟菜多糖对荔枝涂膜保鲜效果的研究

本文从海南特色海藻麒麟菜中提取多糖成分,将其作为荔枝涂膜保鲜剂的主要原料,以好果率、褐变指数、失重率、抗坏血酸含量作为指标,研究"2%麒麟菜多糖""2%麒麟菜多糖+2%VC"和"2%麒麟菜多糖+2%海藻酸钠"三种不同配方下麒麟菜多糖保鲜剂在常温下对荔枝的保鲜效果。结果表明,以麒麟菜多糖作为原料的涂膜保鲜剂一定程度上延长了荔枝的保鲜期,其中"2%麒麟菜多糖+2%VC"保鲜剂在抑制荔枝果皮褐变方面效果最好,而"2%麒麟菜多糖+2%海藻酸钠"保鲜剂对减少荔枝果肉水分蒸发效果最好。     

猕猴桃花粉液体培养方法的优化

以"佰瑞"牌猕猴桃花粉为试验材料,采用离体萌发法测定花粉萌发率,采用血球计数板法测定花粉悬浮效果,分析了不同稳定剂组分对花粉萌发率和悬浮效果的影响,探明了液体培养条件下复配稳定剂的优化成分配比。结果表明:1.0g/L黄原胶对花粉活力及悬浮性的保持效果最好,海藻酸钠及羧甲基纤维素钠在高于0.3g/L的浓度下会抑制花粉萌发。通过正交试验得到最佳复配稳定剂为黄原胶0.8g/L+羧甲基纤维素钠0.1g/L+海藻酸钠0.1g/L。     

慕萨莱思酒及其酿造葡萄“和田红”中多酚类物质分布规律研究

以新疆民族传统饮品慕萨莱思酒及其特殊的酿造葡萄"和田红"为材料,采用乙醇提取、浓缩、纯化再浓缩的方法,研究多酚类物质的分布规律。结果表明:慕萨莱思酒中多酚分布规律为酒泥酒上清液,酒泥中多酚含量为6.28%;原花青素分布规律为酒泥酒上清液,酒泥中原花青素含量为4.59%;黄酮分布规律为酒泥酒上清液,酒泥中黄酮含量为0.47%;花色苷分布规律为酒泥酒上清液,酒泥中花色苷含量为0.000 2%。慕萨莱思的酿造葡萄"和田红"中多酚分布规律为籽果皮果肉,"和田红"葡萄籽中多酚含量为0.166%;原花青素分布规律为籽果皮果肉,"和田红"葡萄籽中原花青素含量为0.064%;黄酮分布规律为籽果皮果肉,"和田红"葡萄籽中黄酮含量为0.038%;花色苷分布规律为籽果皮果肉,"和田红"葡萄籽中花色苷含量为0.012 8%。该研究为阐述"和田红"葡萄和慕萨莱思酒的营养价值提供科学依据。     

牛至精油-介孔纳米二氧化硅/海藻酸钠复合膜对双孢蘑菇保鲜效果研究

为了研究牛至精油-介孔纳米二氧化硅/海藻酸钠复合膜对双孢蘑菇保鲜效果的影响,本研究以海藻酸钠、介孔纳米二氧化硅(mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSNPs)和牛至精油(oregano,OEO)为原料制备抑菌复合膜,对双孢蘑菇进行包装,以未添加OEO-MSNPs的纯海藻酸钠膜为对照组,未经...     

透湿性反光膜覆盖对设施甜樱桃树冠光照及果实品质的影响初报

以6年生‘美早’‘先锋’甜樱桃为试材,沿树行铺设透湿性反光膜,测定树冠中下部反射光光强、光质,果实果皮颜色、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量和花青苷含量,研究透湿性反光膜覆盖对设施甜樱桃树冠中下部光照及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,透湿性反光膜覆盖显著改善了甜樱桃树冠中下部光照环境,离地90 cm和130 cm处,13:00反射光光强分别为对照的5.0倍和3.1倍;透湿性反光膜覆盖处理果实花青苷、可溶性固形物含量显著高于对照,果实着色显著好于对照,表现为果实亮度、色度值更小,但对可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、pH值和单果重的影响不显著。     

三种诱导物对金针菇子实体产量及部分化学成分含量的影响

研究壳聚糖、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸及三十烷醇对金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)的原基分化时间、子实体产量以及部分化学成分含量的影响。结果表明,实验浓度内3种诱导物均可显著缩短原基分化时间,与对照组相比,处理浓度为1、2mg/kg的壳聚糖使原基分化时间缩短3d。除0.5mg/kg壳聚糖、1mg/kg 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和0.5mg/kg三十烷醇外,其余浓度的3种诱导物均可显著增加金针菇子实体产量。其中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的浓度为0.05 mg/kg时,金针菇子实体产量达到最大值(57.15±1.72)g。壳聚糖浓度为0.05mg/kg时,子实体的蛋白质含量最高,为(39.73±0.05)mg/g;当壳聚糖浓度为0.5mg/kg时,子实体的总黄酮、总多酚和花色苷含量最高,分别为(50.55±0.02)、(2.15±0.01)mg/g和(51.34±0.29)μg/g。三种诱导物中,1mg/kg壳聚糖显著增加金针菇甘露醇含量,为(57.20±0.02)mg/g。0.5mg/kg的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸处理的金针菇子实体总多糖含量达到最高(12.43±0.05)μg/g。     

Sinomenine reduces MPP+-induced damage in SK-N-SH cells via ANRIL/miR-626 signaling pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of sinomenine (SN) on the damage of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells induced by 1-methyl-4-4 phenylpyridine (MPP⁺) and its mechanism for exploring the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. METHODS SN was used to treat MPP⁺-induced SK-N-SH cells. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. The expression levels of long noncoding RNA ANRIL and microRNA-626 (miR-626) were detected by RT-qPCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the relationship between ANRIL and miR-626. After ANRIL small interfering RNA was transfected into SK-N-SH cells, the effects of ANRIL expression knock-down on MPP⁺-induced SK-N-SH cell apoptosis, the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax, and the levels of MDA and GSH in cell culture supernatants were examined. RESULTS After treatment with MPP⁺, the apoptotic rate, Bax protein level and ANRIL expression in SK-N-SH cells were increased (P<0.05), and the Bcl-2 protein level and miR-626 expression were decreased (P<0.05). The level of MDA in cell culture supernatants was increased (P<0.05), and the level of GSH was decreased (P<0.05). After SN treatment or ANRIL expression knock-down, decreased apoptotic rate, Bax protein level and ANRIL expression (P<0.05), and increased Bcl-2 protein level and miR-626 expression in MPP⁺-induced SK-N-SH cells were observed (P<0.05). The level of MDA in the cell culture supernatants was decreased (P<0.05), and the level of GSH was increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION SN attenuates MPP⁺-induced damage in SK-N-SH cells by regulating ANRIL/miR-626 signaling pathway.     

Construction of pLNCX/anti-CD20scFv/IgGFc/CD80/CD28/ζ eukaryotic expression vector and expression in NIH 3T3 cells

AIM: To construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pLNCX/anti-CD20scFv/IgGFc/CD80/CD28/ζ and detect its expression in NIH 3T3 cells.METHODS: CD28-ζ cDNA was amplified from the plasmids pBULLET and inserted into pLNCX vector that contained anti-CD20 scFv/IgGFc/CD80 gene.The recombinant plasmids were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells,and resistant clones were obtained by G418 selection.The gene expression of the fusion protein was determined by RT-PCR and FACS.RESULTS: The recombinant eukaryotic vector was constructed successfully,determined by PCR and enzyme digestion analysis.The target gene was amplified from NIH 3T3 cells transfected with the vectors by RT-PCR.The FACS showed that recombinant protein was expressed in NIH 3T3 cells.CONCLUSION: Construction of pLNCX/anti-CD20scFv/IgGFc/CD80/CD28/ζ expression vector and its expression in NIH 3T3 cells lay the foundation for further research of generation of modified T lymphocytes to CD20 positive lymphoma.     

Relationships between lncRNA HOTAIR/H19 SNPs and genetic susceptibility to gastric carcinoma/EBV-related gastric carcinoma

AIM To investigate the potential associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of long noncoding RNA （lncRNA） H19/HOTAIR and the susceptibility to gastric carcinoma, especially to Epstein-Barr virus （EBV）-associated gastric carcinoma （EBVaGC）. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 65 cases of EBV-negative gastric carcinoma （EBVnGC）, 50 cases of EBVaGC and 115 cases of healthy people were collected. A total of 4 TagSNPs, H19 rs3024270 and rs3741219, as well as HOTAIR rs4759314 and rs874945, were selected. The Taq-Man MGB allele typing kit was used to detect the genotype of each SNP locus, and the experimental results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS （1） There were significant differences of both genotypic and allelic frequencies at H19 rs3024270 locus between gastric carcinoma group and control group （P<0.05）. Individuals carrying the G allele at H19 rs3024270 locus had significantly low risk of gastric carcinoma （P<0.01）, indicating that the G allele was protective. （2） People with the GG genotype at HOTAIR rs4759314 locus had significantly high risk of gastric carcinoma （P<0.05）. Carrying the G allele increased the risk of gastric carcinoma, which indicated that the risk gene for gastric carcinoma might be the G allele. （3） No significant difference of the genotypic and allelic frequencies at H19 rs3741219 and HOTAIR rs874945 loci between gastric carcinoma group and control group was observed （P>0.05）.（4） The G allele frequency at HOTAIR rs4759314 locus in EBVaGC group was significantly higher than that in EBVnGC group. However, no difference of the other 3 SNPs was found between EBVaGC group and EBVnGC group （P>0.05）. CONCLUSION The SNPs at H19 rs3024270 and HOTAIR rs4759314 loci are related to the risk of gastric carcinoma, but not significantly related to the risk of EBVaGC.     

Conservation of Vanilla species, in vitro

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) is a crop of great commercial importance as the source of natural vanillin, a major component of flavor industry. The primary gene pool of V. planifolia is narrow and is evidently threatened due to destruction of its natural habitats making the secondary gene pool important as a source of desirable traits especially for resistance to diseases. Many species of vanilla are considered rare and endangered hence an urgent need to conserve them, arises. Effective procedures for micropropagation and in vitro conservation by slow growth in selected species of vanilla, are described. Synthetic seed technology was standardized by encapsulating 3–5 mm in vitro regenerated shoot buds and protocorms in 4% sodium alginate, which could be stored up to 10 months with 80% germination in sterile water at 22 ± 2 °C. In vitro conservation technology of Vanilla was standardized and shoot cultures could be maintained for more than 1 year without subculture, on slow growth medium, i.e. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 15 g l⁻¹ each of sucrose and mannitol in sealed culture vessels at 22 ± 2 °C. These cultures were maintained in vitro for more than 7 years with yearly subculture. The conserved material could be retrieved and multiplied normally in MS medium with 1.0 mg l⁻¹ BA and 0.5 mgl ⁻¹ IBA. The in vitro conserved plants showed good growth and developed into normal plants. This synseed and in vitro conservation system can be utilized for conservation and exchange of vanilla genetic resources.     

H2O2 degradation is suppressed in kumquat leaves infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

We found in a previous study that after leaves of kumquat [Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle] cv ‘Nagami’ were inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased to promote higher H₂O₂ concentrations that coincided with a 4-fold decline in Xac populations ( Kumar et al., 2011a). The objective of the current study was to determine how activities and isoforms of important enzymes that catabolize H₂O₂, specifically catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), and the Class III peroxidases (POD) that are located in the apoplast, change in infected kumquat leaves to affect concentration and compartmentalization of H₂O₂. DAB (3,3-diaminobenzidine) staining of the Xac-infected leaves confirmed higher overall concentration of H₂O₂ as in our earlier study. One day after inoculation (dai), APOD activity declined below the controls and declines steadily up to 10 dai when the experiment was terminated. CAT activity was similar to the controls until 4 dai then declined rapidly to about 60% the activity of the controls by 6 dai, after which it remained fairly constant until 10 dai. There were 4 CAT isoforms in control leaves and 5 isoforms in infected leaves. The CAT-1 isoform band was much smaller in infected plants than the control at all sampling times. The CAT-3 isoform band disappeared at 10 dai. The CAT-5 isoform band, which was not observed in control leaves, appeared only at 4 dai in infected leaves. POD activity of infected leaves increased above the controls starting 1 dai and reached a maximum of about 3-fold higher than the controls 8 dai after which it declined. Two POD isoforms were detected in control and infected plants. This study demonstrated that the higher accumulation of H₂O₂ in kumquat leaves infected with Xac was promoted during pathogenesis first by the suppression of APOD activity and later by suppression of CAT activity. We propose that the higher SOD and lower APOD and CAT activities in the symplast contributed H₂O₂ substrate for the higher POD activity in the apoplast, which is known to be involved in plant defense against pathogens.     

Flower formation in Calceolaria × herbeohybrida Voss

At high light intensity Calceolaria × herbeohybrida ‘Zwerg Meisterstück’ is a long-day plant with a critical day-length of 14–15 h. At low light intensity (e.g. as in winter) flowering will take place if the long-day treatment is preceded by a chilling period (10°C) or by short days at 15–20°C. During the chilling period day-length is of little influence. With increasing duration of the chilling period the requirement for long days decreases and the critical day-length becomes shorter. After a sufficient chilling period, flowering occurs both in long and short days. If the chilling period lasts approx. 40 days, however, flowering in short days is delayed, phyllody occurs and only a small number of flowers develop in comparison to long days. After at least 70–75 days of chilling plants show almost the same reaction in short and long days. Plants not chilled under conditions of high light intensity and short days flower either in naturally long days or by day extension with incandescent light. After chilling, fluorescent light of the type L 39 is also effective for day extension. A night break with incandescent light in a 16-h dark period induces flowering only after a chilling period. Incandescent but not fluorescent light causes a slight yellowing and more upright position of the leaves and an elongation of the internodes.     

The almond Sf haplotype shows a double expression despite its comprehensive genetic identity

Since self-compatibility has become the primary objective of most almond breeding programmes, search for new self-compatibility sources has acquired a great importance in almond research. The local Spanish cultivar ‘Vivot’, identified as showing the genotype S₂₃S_f, thus presumably self-compatible, was found to be unexpectedly self-incompatible in spite of the presence of the S_f allele, as also observed in other almond cultivars. However, not only the coding sequences of both the S_f-RNase and the SFB_f of ‘Vivot’ and ‘Blanquerna’, a confirmed self-compatible cultivar, were identical, but also the 5′ regulatory sequence of the S_f-RNase of both. Thus, the reason for the different expression of the S_f is independent of the complete genetic identity found in the whole chromosome region bordering the S-locus in the almond cultivars sharing the S_f allele.