2011年9月份黑龙江省畜产品价格、养殖情况分析

根据对定点县(养殖场户)的畜产品和饲料价格监测,2011年9月份生鲜乳价格稳定,牛肉价格微涨;奶牛养殖和蛋鸡养殖利润持续走高;生猪和肉鸡价格略有降低,9月份猪粮比价为8.03∶1,比8月份     

湖南省2009年10月生猪生产监测分析

1生猪生产情况 据2009年10月270个生猪定点监测村监测数据显示，10月养猪户数为48698户，比9月48339户增加359户，环比增加0．74％，同比减少2．83％；10月份存栏生猪644356头，比9月633725头增加1．68％，同比增加2．97％；出栏生猪134628头，比9月137603头减少2．16％，     

黑龙江省10月份畜产品情况分析

根据黑龙江省畜牧业监测预警系统对定点监测县及定点养殖场(户)的畜产品和饲料成本价格效益的监测,2011年10月份生猪、鸡蛋价格继续小幅回落,牛羊肉价格变化不大,生鲜乳价格稳定,饲料价格保持高位运行,猪粮比价为7.93∶1,比9月份下降0.1个百分点。受养殖效益好的拉动,生猪、奶牛、蛋鸡存栏量均有所上升。     

2010年1月辽宁省畜产品及饲料价格走势分析

<正>据对全省12个定点监测县和1个中心城市集贸市场畜产品和饲料价格监测(截至1月25日),2010年1月份,全省仔猪、商品代雏鸡和肉鸡收购价格下降,其余畜产品和饲料价格均上     

2012年11月份黑龙江省畜牧业情况分析

据黑龙江省畜牧业监测预警系统对定点监测县及定点养殖场(户)的畜产品和饲料成本价格效益的监测。11月份猪价持续回升,饲料价格小幅回落。1生鲜乳价格稳定,奶牛养殖效益小幅下降全省11月份奶价在2.50～3.20元/kg区间内,11月份平均价格2.96元/kg,比10月份上涨了0.69%。通过对7个定点县的监测和分析情况来看。     

2012年9月份黑龙江省畜牧业情况分析

据黑龙江省畜牧业监测预警系统对定点监测县及定点养殖场(户)的畜产品和饲料成本价格效益的监测。9月份生猪价格小幅回升,鸡蛋价格快速上涨,西装鸡价格微涨,牛羊肉价格保持上涨趋势,生鲜乳价格小幅震荡,饲料价格继续上涨。     

2011年12月份黑龙江省畜牧业情况分析

根据黑龙江省畜牧业监测预警系统对定点监测县及定点养殖场(户)的畜产品和饲料成本价格效益的监测,受节日效应带动,12月中旬起,生猪、鸡蛋价格停止回落,连续2周小幅上涨,西装鸡、牛羊肉价格微涨,生鲜乳价格稳定,饲料价格保持高位,其中玉米价格小幅下降。全省奶价在2.75～3.50元/kg,平均3.00元/kg,与11月份持平。通过对7个定点县的监测和分析情况来看。以一个泌乳期为周期,以每头单产5 t的奶牛为参考标准,净利润为3 049.72元,环比下降1.23%。全省7个县35个村105个定点监测户12月份奶牛存栏     

农业部在全国设立60个肉鸡固定监测县

<正>2013年农业部在全国设立的肉鸡固定监测县增加至60个,以进一步扩大监测范围,逐步完善全国肉鸡生产动态监测及分析预警体系。随着城乡一体化进程步伐的加快,当前畜牧业已进入高成本、高风险的行业。如何及时掌握全国畜牧业生产实时动态数据的准确性,农业部自2008年起建立畜牧业监测预警信息平台,借用现代化网络和电子信息等手段,各县乡统计员将定点采集的畜牧生产、价格等数据每月上报至农业部。通过农业部专家统计分析出合理的数据,以便制定出台     

2013年9月份黑龙江省畜牧业情况分析

据黑龙江省畜牧兽医信息中心对定点监测县及定点养殖场（户）的畜产品和饲料成本价格效益的监测显示,9月份生猪价格小幅上涨,鸡蛋价格继续上升,西装鸡价格平稳震荡,生鲜乳、牛羊肉价格微涨,饲料价格稳中有涨。     

湖南省生猪生产监测分析

1当前生猪生产情况 据2009年4月270个生猪定点监测村监测数据显示，4月养猪户数为47677户，比3月47928户减少251户，减少0．52％；4月份存栏生猪656957头，比3月646754头增长1．58％，；出栏生猪137959头，比3月137137头增加0．6％；能繁母猪存栏74692头，比3月增加3154头，增加幅度4．41％。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.