关于我国动物源性食品安全监管问题的思考

本文针对当前我国动物源性食品安全现状,分析了影响我国动物源性食品安全的主要因素,并从监管机制、检验检测体系建设、准入制度和可追溯体系建设以及食品安全风险评估机制建设等四个方面,提出了提高我国动物源性食品安全水平的监管措施。     

动物源性食品卫生安全监管机构改革初探

通过对当前动物源性食品安全监管分析,借鉴成立"食药警察"机构的经验,提出做为食品药品监管整个链条上的最基础性——动物源性食品安全监管环节的机构改革设想,将动物源性食品安全监管职能一并划入到警察系统统一管理,加大动物源食品安全违法案件的打击力度。     

农村动物源性食品安全监管的对策与思考

农村是一个巨大的消费市场,更是动物源性食品安全网络的重要部分。由于农村的交通运输、信息交流相对滞后,使得动物源性食品安全监管形势越来越严峻。本文通过对农村动物源性食品安全现状的分析,查明存在的主要问题以及产生问题的原因,并提出改善农村动物源性食品安全状况和加强农村动物源性食品安全监管的措施。     

保障动物源性食品安全的措施

针对动物源性食品安全监管现状,应改变管理部门各自为政的局面。动物源性食品是指全部可食用的动物组织以及蛋和奶,包括肉、蛋、奶及其制品。动物源性食品安全是指动物源性食品中不应存在危害性因素,被食用后不应对人体健康产生损害。影响动物源性食品安全的因素,广义包括疫病、残留、非法添加物、重金属等,狭义则重点是指非法添加物和兽药残留。大力提高动物源性食品质量,切实保障动物源性食品安全,是确保从"农田到餐桌"食品体系安全的源头。     

影响我国动物源性食品安全的因素及对策

动物源性食品安全,日益成为公众以及国际社会关注的问题,世界卫生组织(WHO)将动物源性食品安全列为全球公共卫生领域的重要工作。中国加入WTO,动物源性食品安全问题又成为关注的焦点,如何从源头治理畜禽产品污染问题,生产安全符合卫生标准的产品,已成为中国畜牧业走向国际亟待解决的问题,本文就我国目前的法规体系、监管体系、标准体系、检验检疫体系等多方面来探讨怎样建立和完善预防性动物源性食品安全保证体系。     

动物源性食品安全标准现状及存在问题浅析

随着生活水平的日益提高,食品安全越来越受到人们关注,动物源性食品作为百姓餐桌必不可少的部分,其卫生、质量和安全是首当其冲必须予以重视的,然而近年来动物源性食品违法事件,如健美猪、问题奶、病死猪等屡屡见诸媒体,经过国家相关监管部门的多年探索实践,对违法行为的监管打击初见成效,但也暴露出一些制约监管的瓶颈问题。本文从国家食品安全监管法律法规沿革、动物源性食品安全各环节标准现状、存在问题几个方面作以浅析,并结合自身感悟,做一些浅显建议,以供同行参考。     

探索新形势下动物源性食品安全示范区建设

随着经济社会的不断进步与发展,国民对动物源性食品安全的要求也随之提高。面对日益突出的食品安全方面的问题,加强动物源性食品安全监管能力建设,建立现代化动物源性食品安全示范区已成为适应"食安中国"新形势下的重要举措。本文阐述了建立现代化动物源性食品安全示范区的意义,提出了示范区是乡村振兴和健康中国战略的关键,以期为社会公众"舌尖上的安全"保驾护航。     

乡镇畜牧兽医站改革现状及建议

乡镇畜牧兽医站是国家在基层设立的畜牧兽医工作事业单位,主要承担着宣传贯彻执行畜牧兽医法律、法规和有关发展畜牧业的方针、政策;动物疫病预防控制;动物卫生监督检疫;兽药饲料监督检查;动物疫病诊疗;动物养殖场(小区)监督监管、动物源性食品安全;推广新品种、指导新技术等服务。本文介绍了天祝县乡镇畜牧兽医站基本情况,对乡镇畜牧兽医站改革后存在的问题提出了一些建议。     

养殖场兽医监管过程中存在的问题和改进

养殖场是动物源性食品安全监管的源头,而养殖场兽医工作至关重要,只有依法保护养殖场兽医合法权益,提高兽医社会地位,确保兽医相对独立开展工作,明确养殖场兽医的动物性食品安全保护职责,才能真正使养殖环节动物源性食品安全落到实处。本文就养殖场兽医监管过程中存在的问题提出建议。     

动物源性食品安全溯源系统研究进展

<正>动物源性食品安全是民生大事,而动物源性食品安全溯源系统是解决动物源性食品安全问题的重要方面。本文主要从动物源性食品安全溯源系统内容、发展情况和存在问题、展望3个方面展开论述,分别论述了动物源性食品安全溯源系统中,动物源性产品身份识别技术、质量和安全测量技术、动物源性食品DNA溯源技术、环境监测技术、畜牧业中地理信息技     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …