亚洲谷精草属植物研究(III)

该文对亚洲分布的E.barbeyanum,E.dipsacoides,E.cristatum,E.echinulatum,E.hamiltonianum,E.henryanum,E.hookerianum,E.kradungense,E.nautiliforme,E.nigrum和E.thwaitesii等谷精草属(Eriocaulon L.)11个种的分类问题进行了详细的研究.补充并纠正了E.nigrum Lec.和E.halmitoniamum Martius的形态描写.公开发表新种E.pseudotruncatum和新变种E.truncatum Ham.ex Martius var.florensense.E.seticuspe Ohwi,E.echinulatum Martius var.seticuspe Ohwi,E.echinulatum Martius var.tenue Satake,E.robinsonii Moldenke和E.poilanei Moldenke 5个种(变种)处理为同物异名.     

亚洲谷精草属植物研究(III)

该文对亚洲分布的E .barbeyanum ,E .dipsacoides,E .cristatum ,E .echinulatum ,E .hamiltonianum ,E .henryanum ,E .hookerianum ,E .kradungense,E .nautiliforme ,E .nigrum和E .thwaitesii等谷精草属 (EriocaulonL .) 11个种的分类问题进行了详细的研究 .补充并纠正了E .nigrumLec .和E .halmitoniamumMartius的形态描写 .公开发表新种E .pseudotruncatum和新变种E .truncatumHam .exMartiusvar.florensense.E .seticuspeOhwi,E .echinulatumMartiusvar.seticuspeOhwi,E .echinulatumMartiusvar.tenueSatake ,E .robinsoniiMoldenke和E .poilaneiMoldenke 5个种 (变种 )处理为同物异名     

安徽省薹草属(Carex Linn.)植物增补

报道采自安徽的薹草属3个新种、2个亚种和1个变种以及薹草属1个新组.即牯牛薹草Carex guniuensis S.W.Su,琅琊薹草Carex langyaensis S.W.Su,X.M.Fang,et al,缘喙薹草Carex rhynchophora Franch.var.margineorostris S.W.Su,大通薹草Carex datongensis S.W.Su,华阳薹草Carex truncatigluma C.B.Clarke subsp.huayangensis S.W.Su,长穗刻鳞薹草Carex incisa Boott subsp.longissima S.W.Su;1个新组:隐匿薹草组Sect.Infos-sae S.W.Su.Sect.nov.     

亚洲谷精草属植物研究(Ⅰ)

讨论谷精草属 (Eriocaulon L.) 世界性及亚洲分布的E. setaceum, E. australe, E. exangulare, E.willdenovianum, E. decemflorum, E.wightianum, E.cinereum, E. alpestre 8个种的分类问题. 补充纠正了E. alpestre Koern. 的形态描写.10个种(变种)处理为同物异名.     

艾滋病防护细则

根据艾滋病传播途径的不同,个人预防艾滋病是有规律可循的. 一、防母婴传播 1.婚前体检应化验艾滋病病毒抗体,婚后双方都必须严格遵守性道德,互相忠诚. 2.已感染艾滋病病毒的妇女要避免怀孕. 3.感染艾滋病病毒的妇女若怀孕,应考虑做人工流产. 4.感染艾滋病病毒妇女产下的婴儿,都不应由产妇本人哺乳. 二、防性传播 1.青少年和未婚者不要有婚前性行为或滥交.     

杭州地区番茄苗期猝倒病的8种腐霉的DNA多态性

从28种随机引物中筛选出25种对腐霉属的10株计8种腐霉进行RAPD分析,发现腐霉属的DNA多态性是非常丰富的和普遍存在的,初步计算了10株计8种腐霉的Nei氏遗传距离,利用类平均法得到UPGMA系统树,并对它们的亲缘关系从DNA分子水平上进行了初步分析.结果表明：在这8种腐霉中,P.kunmingense与P.irregulare亲缘关系最近;P.aphanidermatum与P.tardicrescens的亲缘关系最近;P.ultimum与P.debaryanum的亲缘关系最近;P.debaryanum与P.dissotocum的亲缘关系最近.UPGMA的系统树表明这8种腐霉明显分成三大类,P.kunmingense,P.irregulare与P.spinosum聚成一类;P.aphanidermatum与P.tardicrescens聚成一类;P.ultimum,P.debaryanum与P.dissotocum聚成一类.该结果与形态分类基本相符合.     

松潘生态修复模式区生物多样性与稳定性研究

九寨-黄龙世界自然遗产地位于我国西部典型的山地生态脆弱区,自2001年以来松潘县在退耕还林工程进行了不同树种配制模式的实践,共计营造了12个生态经济林模式.它们分别为:1.枸杞,2.沙棘,3.山桃+云杉,4.山杏+云杉,5.云杉,6.西蜀丁香+陇东海棠,7.云杉+阿根廷柳,8.云杉+青杨,9.阿根廷柳,10.阿根廷柳+青杨,11.青杨,12.山杏+阿根廷柳模式.通过对这12个模式群落与各层次物种多样性的分析比较,发现绝大多数模式木本层多样性并不高,而草本层则物种数多为20种左右,香农威纳指数都达到2.0以上,因而,群落总体多样性很可观.运用Godron M稳定性测定方法检验其生态稳定性表明:各模式的生态稳定性与理论上20/80的稳定点尚有相当距离;其大小依次为:1.枸杞,2.沙棘,4.山杏+云杉,6.西蜀丁香+陇东海棠,10.阿根廷柳+青杨,12.山杏+阿根廷柳,5.云杉,8.云杉+青杨,7.云杉+阿根廷柳,11.青杨,9.阿根廷柳,3.山桃+云杉,这表明模式构建后仍处在较脆弱的状态.稳定性与其多样性之间的拟合也表明稳定性与多样性并无多少明显相关,甚至还有呈现负相关的趋势.这预示着多样性与稳定性之间不存在简单的线性关系,而是可能存在一个多样性阈值.

Abstract：

The World Natural Heritage-Jiuzaigou & Huanglong-is located in the eco-vulnerablele areas of West China. Since 2001, a total of 12 reconstruction models of the degraded landscape in the eco-vulnerable areas have been implemented in Songpan County, i. e. 1) Lycium chinense; 2) Hippophae rhamnoides;3) Amygdalus davidiana + Picea asperata ; 4) Armeniaca sibirica + P. asperata; 5) P. asperata; 6)Syringa komarowii +Maluskansuensis; 7) P. asperata + Salix argentinensis; 8) P. asperata+ Populus cathayana; 9) S. argentinensis; 10) S. argentinensis + P. cathayana; 11) P. cathayanaand 12) A.sibirica+ S. argentinensis. An analysis of both horizontal and vertical species diversity in these 12 models showed that there were generally poor species richness and diversity in the woody layer. In contrast, the herb layer of most models possessed considerable diversity, with about 20 species and a Shannon-Weiner index of over 2.0. In addition, most models possessed sound species diversity, contributed by diversity in the herb layers. Estimation of bio-stability with M. Godron stability method demonstrated that the ecostability of each model fell quite apart from the theoretic stable point (20/80), being in the sequence of L.chinense > H. rhamnoides > A. sibirica+ P. asperata > S. komarowii + M. kansuensis> S. argentinensis + P. cathayana> A. sibirica + S. argentinensis > P. asperata > P. asperata + Populus cathayana > P. asperata + S. argentinensis > P. cathayana > S. argentinensis > Amygdalus davidiana + P. asperata, indicating that these models remained in their fragile status. Simulation between their species diversity and ecological stability also indicated that little, if any, simple linear correlation existed between them and, sometimes, even a negative correlation was shown, suggesting that there may be a threshold of biodiversity other than a simple linear relationship between diversity and stability.     

鸡内金治病10则

鸡内金,又名鸡肫皮.为鸡的沙囊内膜干品.将鸡宰后,取出沙囊,剖开,趁热剥取内膜,洗净.晒干.即为鸡内金.它味甘,性平,具有消积滞、健脾胃功效.可治疗下列多种病症.     

贵州省斑潜蝇种类及发生危害研究

贵州省有8种斑潜蝇,分别是:南美斑潜蝇L.huidobrensis、美洲斑潜蝇L.sativae、番茄斑潜蝇L.bryoniae、菊斑潜蝇L.compositella 、豌豆斑潜蝇L.congesta、菜斑潜蝇L.brassicae、黑背斑潜蝇L.trifoliearum、黑胸斑潜蝇L.xanthocer.以南美斑潜蝇L.huidobrensis、美洲斑潜蝇L.sativae发生最普遍,尤其以南美斑潜蝇L.huidobrensis危害最严重.两种斑潜蝇嗜食的作物是菜豆、蚕豆、豇豆、黄瓜.对4种作物全生育期进行了系统调查,斑潜蝇属的优势度大小依次是菜豆、黄瓜、豇豆、蚕豆.蚕豆和菜豆遭受到南美斑潜蝇L.huidobrensis的危害较大,而豇豆和黄瓜遭受到南美斑潜蝇L.huidobrensis和美洲斑潜蝇L.sativae两种的危害.     

13种肉食品的保健功效

1.猪肉:有滋阴、润燥功效.常食猪肉有助于治疗肾虚腰痛、遗精、慢性腰痛. 2.牛肉:性平,有补益脾胃、补益精血功效.但阴虚火旺且身体燥热者及身体虚弱的小孩不宜食用.常食黄牛肉有益于脾胃保健,能健壮机体.孕妇适量进食水牛肉可预防流产、早产. 3.羊肉:性温,可温中补虚,温经补血,温肾壮阳,是冬令美食,可祛寒暖身. 4.狗内:性热,有补肾益精、温补壮阳功效.常食狗肉有助于防治小儿遗尿、老人耳聋、中老年人阳痿.     

雪菜罐头巧加工

雪菜属十字花科芸苔属芥菜种,是分蘖芥的一个变种.雪菜的别名有雪里蕻、九头芥、烧菜、排菜. 1.选料、预处理.①选料.选用色泽透明、黄亮,味清香,组织脆嫩,叶少茎多且茎较细小的雪菜.②切叶.切去黄叶和顶部发黑的叶片.③洗涤.用流动水逐株淘洗,但不宜浸于水中太长时间.充分洗去泥沙杂质,挤干水分.     

降血压食品9款

豆腐.常吃豆腐能降低人体内的胆固醇.常用豆腐煮芹菜叶吃,有助于降低血压. 芹菜.常吃芹菜炒肉丝,有保护血管和降低血压的功效.洋葱.常吃洋葱,有降血脂、预防血栓形成的功效,亦能使高血压下降. 葱.能减少胆固醇在血管壁上的积累.常食葱煮豆腐,有协同降低血压之功效.     

桉树伞房属4个种在广东清新的早期生长表现

分析了引自澳大利亚东部的桉树伞房属4个种在广东省清新试验点5年生时的生长表现.方差分析表明,树种间、种源间、家系间在树高、胸径、材积生长量上均存在极显著的差异.表现最好的是大叶斑皮桉Corymbia henryi (S.T. Blake) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson,其次是斑皮柠檬桉C. variegata (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson、柠檬桉C. citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson和斑皮桉C. maculata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson.4个树种的平均树高为8.04 m,平均胸径为7.28 cm,平均单株材积为0.021 9 m3.其中斑皮柠檬桉10248种源44号家系的生长量最大,其平均树高为10.35 m,平均胸径为9.70 cm,平均单株材积为0.040 00 m3.初步选出20个家系,占家系总数的21.98%.     

小尾寒羊快速育肥六要诀

一、及时去势.用于育肥的羔羊应在1～3周龄去势.此时去势可使肉质细嫩,减少膻味.并使羊性情温顺.便于管理.容易育肥.去势方法:①去势钳法.用特制的去势钳在阴囊上部用力紧夹,将精索夹断,以后睾丸自行萎缩.此法不切伤口,无失血、无感染.②结扎法.公羔1周龄时将睾丸挤在阴囊里,用橡皮筋或细绳在阴囊上部即精索部位紧紧缠结,使血液循环受阻.20～30天后阴囊和睾丸萎缩自然脱落.     

西瓜常见病虫害防治法

1.猝倒病.幼苗出土后靠近地面处发生.初期为水渍状斑点,尔后病斑逐步扩展,绕幼茎一周.病部缢缩成线状时,幼苗即猝倒.控制苗床温度并加强苗期管理,是防治猝倒病的关键.发病后,喷洒铜铵合剂效果好.     

低酚棉秸杆及其蘑菇菌糠的营养成分研究

研究了低酚棉的秸杆及其种蘑菇后的菌糠的营养成分。结果表明 ,低酚棉秸杆含水分 6 .2 7% ,粗蛋白 6 .0 1% ,粗脂肪 0 .4 7% ,无氮浸出物 4 .80 % ,粗灰分5.0 7% ,钙 1.81% ,磷 0 .0 8% ,纤维素 4 2 .2 6 % ,半纤维素 2 0 .80 % ,木质素 14 .4 3% ;低酚棉秸杆种蘑菇后的菌糠含水分 6 .33% ,粗蛋白 10 .38% ,粗脂肪 0 .51% ,无氮浸出物12 .56 % ,粗灰分 17.84 % ,钙 3.0 6 % ,磷 0 .35% ,纤维素 2 4 .0 4 % ,半纤维素 17.53% ,木质素 10 .51%。所以都可作草食家畜的饲料资源     

读者问卷调查表

<正>尊敬的读者朋友:为提高本刊质量,我们真诚希望您认真填写此表,感谢您的支持和参与!我们将从参与问卷调查的热心读者中随机抽取幸运读者,赠送精美礼品一份。一、您的职业是:1.农技专家2.农资经营者3.种植户4.其他二、您获取本刊的方式是:1.自己订阅2.他人订阅3.单位订阅4.其他三、您认为本刊的广告设计如何?1.很满意2.满意3.一般4.不满意四、您认为本刊较有特色的地方是1.权威性2.实用性3.可读性4.其他     

亚洲谷精草属植物研究(I)

讨论谷精草属 (EriocaulonL .)世界性及亚洲分布的E .setaceum ,E .australe,E .exangulare,E .willde novianum ,E .decemflorum ,E .wightianum ,E .cinereum ,E .alpestre 8个种的分类问题 .补充纠正了E .alpestreKoern .的形态描写 .10个种 (变种 )处理为同物异名 .     

十大健康食品

1.番茄.能大幅减少罹患前列腺癌等癌症的几率,熟食、生食均宜,是最佳的维生素C来源之一. 2.菠菜.富含铁,有助于防治血管疾病,预防盲眼症. 1杯菠菜汁只含171焦热量,爱美的女士可以放心食用. 3.坚果.可增加好的胆固醇,是预防心脏病的最佳食物之一. 不论是花生或杏仁果,都是良好的选择. 注意不要过度食用.     

Identification and Analysis of Genetic Diversity Structure Within Pisum Genus Based on Microsatellite Markers

To assesse the genetic diversity among wild and cultivated accessions of 8 taxonomic groups in 2 species, and 5 subspecies under Pisum genus, and to analyze population structure and their genetic relationships among various groups of taxonomy, the study tried to verify the fitness of traditionally botanical taxonomic system under Pisum genus and to provide essential information for the exploration and utilization of wild relatives of pea genetic resources. 197 Pisum accessions from 62 counties of 5 continents were employed for SSR analysis using 21 polymorphic primer pairs in this study. Except for cultivated field pea Pisum sativum ssp. sativum var. sativum （94 genotypes）, also included were wild relative genotypes that were classified as belonging to P. fulvum, P. sativum ssp.abyssinicum, P. sativum ssp. asiaticum, P. sativum ssp. transcaucasicum, P. sativum ssp. elatius var. elatius, P. sativum ssp. elatius var. pumilio and P. sativum ssp. sativum var. arvense （103 genotypes）. The PCA analyses and 3-dimension PCA graphs were conducted and drawn by NTSYSpc 2.2d statistical package. Nei78 genetic distances among groups of genetic resources were calculated, and cluster analysis using UPGMA method was carried out by using Popgene V1.32 statistical package, the dendrogram was drawn by MEGA3.1 statistical package. Allelic statistics were carried out by Popgene V1.32. The significance test between groups of genotypes was carried out by Fstat V2.9.3.2 statistical package. 104 polymorphic bands were amplified using 21 SSR primer pairs with unambiguous unique polymorphic bands. 4.95 alleles were detected by each SSR primer pair in average, of which 65.56% were effective alleles for diversity. PSAD270, PSAC58, PSAA18, PSAC75, PSAA175 and PSAB72 were the most effective SSR pairs. SSR alleles were uniformly distributed among botanical taxon units under Pisum genus, but significant difference appeared in most pairwise comparisons for genetic diversity between taxon unit based groups of genetic resources. Genetic diversity level of wild species P. fulvum was much lower than the cultivated species P. sativum. Under species P. sativum, P. sativum ssp. sativum var. sativum and P. sativum ssp. asiaticum were the highest in gentic diversity, followed by P. sativum ssp. elatius var. elatius and P. sativum ssp. transcaucasicum, P. sativum ssp. elatius var. pumilio, P. sativum ssp. sativum vat. arvense and P. sativum ssp. abyssinicum were the lowest. Four gene pool clusters were detected under Pisum genus by using PCA analysis. Gene pool ＂fulvum＂ mainly consisted of wild species Pisum fulvum, gene pool ＂abyssinicum＂ mainly consisted of P. sativum ssp. abyssinicum, and gene pool ＂arvense＂ mainly consisted of P. sativum ssp. sativum var. arvense. While gene pool ＂sativum＂ were composed by 5 botanical taxon units, they are P. sativum ssp. asiaticum, P. sativum ssp. elatius var. elatius, P. sativum ssp. transcaucasicum, P. sativum ssp. elatius var. pumilio and P. sativum ssp. sativum var. sativum. ＂sativum＂ gene pool constructed the primary gene pool of cultivated genetic resources; ＂fulvum＂ gene pool, ＂abyssinicum＂ gene pool and ＂arvense＂ gene pool together constructed the secondary gene pool of cultivated genetic resources. Pairwise Nei78 genetic distance among botanical taxon based groups of pea genetic resources ranged from 7.531 to 35.956, 3 large cluster groups were identified based on the UPGMA dendrogram. Group Ⅰ equals to ＂sativum＂ and ＂arvense＂ gene pools, Group Ⅱ equals to ＂abyssinicum＂ gene pool, and Group Ⅲ equals to ＂fulvum＂ gene pool. The UPGMA clustering results generally supporting the PCA clusting results. There were significant differences among most botanical groups under Pisum genus, with clear separation of four gene pools for genetic diversity structure. The research results partially support the traditional botanical taxonomy under Pisum genus, and pointed out its advantage and shortcoming. In order to broaden the genetic bases of pea varieties, the genetic potentials in the four gene pools should be thoroughly exploited.