采用不同基质防治马铃薯微型薯疮痂病的试验

为了提高马铃薯微型薯生产中对疮痴病的防治效果,采用不同原料配制基质组合,结果表明：各配比组合对马铃薯疮痂病均有一定的防治效果,降低微型薯疮痂病感病率和病情指数,尤其添加一定比例的糠醛渣可有效抑制马铃薯疮痂病的发生,以糠醛渣：原网棚内的土=1：1配比的基质效果最佳,感病率为5．37％,病情指数为2．33％。     

脱毒马铃薯微型薯生产中疮痂病的防治试验

通过药剂熏蒸处理生产马铃薯脱毒微型薯的土壤和药剂处理带有疮痂病的微型小薯,防止在温(网)室生产马铃薯脱毒微型薯过程中,基质连作后疮痂病的发生,解决每年更换基质造成的人力、财力方面的损失。试验结果表明:基质用氯化苦(三氯硝基甲烷)熏蒸处理,带病种薯播前用0.1%对苯二酚处理30min防治疮痂病效果最佳。     

脱毒马铃薯疮痂病的特征及防治技术

在大同高寒所的温室微型薯规模生产中,每年约有10%以上的微型薯受到疮痂病侵染,使微型薯的生产受到不同程度的影响。微型薯感染疮痂病的程度与温室内温度、湿度、品种抗性等因素密切相关。因此在温室的大规模微型薯生产过程中,选用良好的基质、适宜的温度、适宜的喷水时期及次数等防治措施,有效抑制疮痂病的发生。     

0.1%HgCl_2对脱毒马铃薯微型种薯疮痂病的防治效果

1　前　言在微型薯的生产过程中 ,由于疮痂病的危害 ,导致产量下降 ,品质降低 ,成本增高 ,直接影响着生产微型薯的经济效益 ,防治疮痂病已成为亟待解决的问题。我们试用 0 1%ＨｇＣｌ2 对表皮 10 0 %感染疮痂病的微型薯浸种来防治疮痂病 ,取得了较好的效果。2　材料与方法2     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培的基质筛选

在防虫网室内 ,就 4种不同基质对马铃薯脱毒试管苗移栽生产微型薯产量、质量的影响进行筛选试验。结果表明 :菇渣 +猪粪 +火烧土 +钙镁磷肥按 2∶1∶1∶0 0 0 1配制 ,经高温堆沤灭菌后作营养基质生产出的微型薯产量最高 ,每m2 达到 4 0 99 2 g的较高水平 ,同时大大降低了生产成本 ,可以作为我省工厂化大规模生产微型薯的优良基质。     

必速灭防治马铃薯疮痂病效果试验

在网棚条件下,进行了必速灭防治马铃薯疮痂病的试验。结果表明必速灭可以显著地降低微型薯疮痂病感病率,降低病情指数,减轻疮痂病在马铃薯微型薯生产中的危害,而且促进了马铃薯扦插苗苗期的生长,提高了扦插苗的存活率、单株产量、小区收获产量和单株薯重。     

晋北高寒区微型薯生产廉价基质筛选

菇渣+糠醛渣+火山浮石+堆肥,按3∶1∶3∶3配制,与蛭石作基质相比,生产微型薯总量相差不大,可大幅度节约生产成本,减轻劳动强度,降低晋北区土壤的pH值,使之适宜于马铃薯生产,并解决环境污染,可作为山西省规模生产微型薯的优质基质大力推广。     

脱毒小薯无土栽培生产培养基质研究

本研究对温室条件下无土栽培脱毒小薯生产基质进行了试验研究，供试品种中薯２号，中薯３号，Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ，Ａｇｒｕａ４２上品种。结果栽培蘑菇后的棉籽皮做基质生产脱毒小薯，其扦插苗成活率，单株块茎数，单株块茎重都高于用蛭石和珍珠岩基质。棉籽皮和砂子不同配比基质，以２份棉籽皮１份砂子的配比生产效果最好，从而为我国棉产区温室条件下生产脱毒小薯，找到了一种廉价的基质，为降低脱毒小薯生产成本，提高产量提出了一     

脱毒小薯无土栽培生产培养基质研究

本研究对温室条件下无土栽培脱毒小薯生产基质进行了试验研究，供试品种中薯２号、中薯３号、Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ、Ａｇｒｉａ４个品种。结果栽培蘑菇后的棉籽皮做基质生产脱毒小薯，其扦插苗成活率、单株块茎数、单株块茎重都高于用蛭石和珍珠岩基质。棉籽皮和砂子不同配比基质，以２份棉籽皮１份砂子的配比生产效果最好，从而为我国棉产区温室条件下生产脱毒小薯，找到了一种廉价的基质，为降低脱毒小薯生产成本，提高产量提出了一种新的技术方法。     

脱毒马铃薯微型薯雾化栽培技术

<正>目前,我国生产脱毒马铃薯微型薯主要有两类:基质栽培和雾化栽培,基质栽培是目前脱毒马铃薯微型薯生产中应用较为普通的一种栽培方式。一般多采用蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭等。而雾化法生产脱毒微型薯是目前国内较先进的一项新技术。它是     

不同原料及配方添加锌、硒对大球盖菇生长及产量的影响

[目的]研究不同栽培料配方添加锌、硒微量元素对大球盖菇生长及产量的影响.[方法]设置9个栽培料配方处理,并添加锌、硒微量元素,测定各处理大球盖菇菌丝长势、出菇时间、产量、生物转化率等指标.[结果]富硒香菇菌渣30％+玉米芯70％配方,熟料栽培产量35574.32 kg/hm2,产量排名第1位,生物转化率56.9％;富硒...     

马铃薯脱毒原原种微型化生产和微型薯应用

马铃薯脱毒原原种微型化生产的技术关键在于控制植株个体生长;而其首要条件是种苗基础和营养水平.利用普通日光温室,在瓶苗假植或使用已有的微型薯育苗的基础上,采取砂床剪枝扦插和高密度少肥栽培生产微型薯,比移栽瓶苗或直播微型薯的办法更好.即在剪枝扦插后40天收获,平均获得单薯重1～5克的微型薯个数占总数的(76.0～91.6%,最高达100%.单薯重1克以上的4个规格1～3克、大于3克、大于5克、大于10克)微型薯直播亩产达1806～2194公斤,接近或超过大薯切块直播(1962公斤/亩),但4个规格微型薯的含量不呈规律性差异.单薯重小于1克的微型薯育苗移栽亩产达2299公斤,略高于大规格微型薯直播产量.但考虑其利用价值,将单薯重小于1克的微型薯作为脱毒原原种微型化生产的基础种苗使用更合适.     

Assessment of Possibilities of Microtuber and in vitro Plantlet Seed Multiplication in Field Conditions. Part 1: PVY,PVM and PLRV Spreading

Currently in vitro plantlets and microtubers provide the basis for pre-base production of potato seeds, from which minitubers are produced under covers – they serve later as seed material to be planted in the field. The aim of the research was to determine the possibility for multiplication of material produced in vitro directly in field conditions. The research assessed PVY, PVM and PLRV infection of potato tubers derived from plants grown directly from in vitro plantlets, microtubers, minitubers and traditional seed potatoes planted in the field at different times. Moreover, testing in laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of these plants to virus infection was determined for the case of artificial inoculation of Myzus persicae and Aphis nasturtii. It was found that the infection of tubers derived from in vitro plantlets and microtubers was greater than that of seed potatoes and minitubers. Yet it seems that the reason for their higher infection level resulted not from the plant’s sensitivity or its greater attractiveness to aphids but from a largely unknown cause. Earlier planting of microtubers and in vitro plantlets in the field in case of the more resistant cultivar and certainly later in relation to the main time of planting had an impact on limiting the PVY and PVM infection of potato tubers. Hence multiplication of microtubers and in vitro plantlets in field conditions could be very economical using cultivars which are relatively resistant to viruses. However, adopting a later than usual planting period (end of June) and applying an additional protective cover (such as non-woven agricultural fabric) in the first period of a plant’s growth, promotes multiplication of microtubers and in vitro plantlets in field conditions for cultivars with low resistance levels.     

不同封口材料对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响

本试验采用单层无孔膜、双层带孔膜、塑料盖三种不同封口材料,调查不同处理形成的试管薯个数以及大小。结果表明,‘Favorita’和‘Atlantic’都是采用单层无孔膜时结薯个数最多,而‘克新1号’则是采用双层带孔膜时结薯个数最多。3个品种在采用塑料盖封口时的结薯个数最少,但大薯率最高。     

Some sprouting characteristics of microtubers

Summary Microtubers can be stored longer, transported and handled easier than plantlets, but they have some disadvantages related to long dormancy. Dormancy, number of sprouts per tuber and loss of microtubers under different storage temperatures were studied. Microtubers of four genotypes originated from different tuberization treatments (photoperiod combinations) were observed. We found that dormancy depended on cultivar and — in some cases — on the photoperiod treatment applied during tuberization. Generally, the dormacy was long and was greatly elongated by low storage temperature. One of the photoperiod treatments shortened while the other treatment prolonged the rest-period compared to the control, maybe due to a change in temperature accompanying the change in daily light (photoperiod combination). Besides, these treatments affected the number of sprouts per tuber. There was no significant difference in duration of dormancy between different tuber-size groups, but the loss increased significanctly with a decrease in tuber size. Based on this information we can use microtubers more effectively in the seed potato production programme.     

Effects of rindite on breaking dormancy of potato microtubers

Potato microtubers were treated with rindite to investigate the effect on dormancy breaking. Postharvest application of rindite by fumigation with 2 ml rindite for 48 hr or 4ml for 24 hr significantly reduced the dormancy period of potato microtubers using a 32 x 15 x 17 cm tightly sealed plastic box. Approximately 2 weeks after the treatments microtubers of all cultivars, Atlantic, Superior, Lemhi Russet, Red Dale and Kennebec started to sprout. The efficiency of the treatments were the greatest for the cv. Lemhi Russet, intermediate for cv. Superior and least for cv. Red Dale. In all cultivars of potato microtubers, more decay was observed the earlier rindite treatment occurred after harvesting, therefore potato microtubers should be treated with rindite at least 2 weeks after harvest when the skin of microtubers is mature. The data indicates that the dormancy of potato microtubers with well-matured skin can be effectively broken with an optimum treatment of rindite.     

噻虫嗪种子包衣对燕麦蚜虫和红叶病的控制效果及农药残留分析

红叶病是由蚜虫传播黄矮病毒(BYDV)引起的燕麦上的重要病害,有效防治蚜虫可控制燕麦红叶病的发生。为了明确噻虫嗪种衣剂的应用效果和安全性,通过田间试验研究了噻虫嗪种子包衣对燕麦蚜虫和红叶病的防效及持效期,并采用高效液相色谱法测定了药物在植株和籽粒上的残留动态。结果表明,种子包衣处理后,燕麦单株蚜量和红叶病病情指数均低于对照,苗期至拔节期的蚜虫防效为77.71%～87.91%,红叶病防效为65.79%～82.89%;孕穗期至扬花期的蚜虫防效为58.45%～68.61%,红叶病防效为62.98%～64.14%,持效期长达90 d,可实现一次施药减轻蚜虫为害、控制红叶病的效果。残留分析表明,噻虫嗪种衣剂在燕麦植株中的残留动态符合一级动力学方程C=13.218e-0.0971t,半衰期为7.14 d,播种后60～100 d残留量为0.43～9.86 mg·kg-1,接近或超过了现有的草料MRLs值,此时不宜作为青饲料;播种110 d以后残留量≤0.06 mg·kg-1,可刈割青饲料或作为干草贮存使用。在燕麦籽粒中未检测到噻虫嗪。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导因子研究

以马铃薯栽培品种Favorite、Atltantic和克新 1号脱毒试管苗为材料 ,着重研究了离体条件下外源激素、碳源以及活性炭对试管薯形成和发育的影响。结果表明 :①加入一定浓度的外源激素 ,利于提高试管薯的产量和质量 ,其诱导效应依次为BA >BA +CCC >CCC >无外源激素 ;②诱导试管薯对碳源纯度要求不高 ,食用白糖替代蔗糖完全可能 ;③活性炭能够明显提高试管薯前期的形成和发育。     

Potato microtuber production and performance: A review

Almost half a century has passed sincein vitro tubers (microtubers) were first described in potato, but their adoption as a seed propagule has been uneven globally. Consensus is lacking regarding optimal production practices for microtubers and their relative productivity in relation to other propagules for minituber production. There is significant uncertainty regarding the utility of microtubers for evaluation of agronomic characters. However, the application of microtubers in germplasm conservation is widely accepted. Microtubers are producedin vitro in a plethora of different growing systems with varying environment, media constituents, and storage intervals. Many of the interactions between growth parametersin vitro and subsequent productivity appear to be genotype-specific. Accordingly, microtubers come in different sizes, have different dormancy requirements, and differ widely in relative growth potential and productivity. Despite these differences, there is evidence for strong analogies in growth responses between fieldgrown tubers and microtubers. The use of microtuber technology in seed tuber production, breeding programs, germplasm conservation, and research appears to have enormous potential. This review discusses microtuber production, yield and performance,in vitro screening, and germplasm storage and exchange.