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1.
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study the effect of UV filtration on the population growth, distribution
and flight activity of the green peach aphidMyzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and on the fecundity and host-finding behavior of the parasitic waspAphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The work was done in the Arava Valley of Israel, in walk-in tunnels covered with polyethylene
film, to compare the effects of UV-absorbing filmversus those of regular film. Following artificial aphid infestation on pepper grown under the tested films, aphid population growth
and spread under the UV-absorbing films were significantly less than under the regular films. The greatest impact of UV-absorbing
film on aphid behavior was observed in winter and early spring, when temperature conditions favor aphid development. Elimination
of UV by UV-absorbing film did not affect the parasitic activity ofA. matricariae. Previous results had indicated that covering the greenhouse with UV-absorbing films inhibited the invasion of aphids and
other insect pests into it. That effect, in combination with those described in the present paper, makes the use of UV-absorbing
films an effective component of IPM that aims to reduce the application of toxic insecticides.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, No. 524/2002.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 13, 2003. 相似文献
2.
The feeding behavior of the melon aphidAphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) was monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique on different melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes showing resistance to the aphid. The aphid-resistant genotypes used were PI-161375 and PI-414723, sources of
theVat andAgr genes, respectively. TGR-1551, a newC. melo accession from Zimbabwe, was also tested. Our goal was to localize the tissues where the resistance factors are expressed
and to determine if the resistance mechanisms operating in the three aphid-resistant accessions were the same. Our results
indicated that the three selected lines have resistant factors located at the epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissues. However,
the behavior ofA. gossypii on TGR-1551 was different from the two other resistant accessions, as indicated by a longer phloem salivation phase (E1 phase).
Many of the E1 phases observed for aphids feeding on TGR-1551 were not followed by phloem ingestion (E2 phase). These results
suggest that TGR-1551 has a resistance mechanism that preventsA. gossypii from initiating ingestion from the phloem. Preference tests under free choice conditions also showed that aphids rejected
accessions TGR-1551 or PI-414723 faster than PI-161375. Our results support the hypothesis thatAgr andVat are coding for different kinds of resistance strategies. Comparisons of aphid life history parameters also indicated that
TGR-1551 is a very promising new source to breed for resistance againstA. gossypii.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 16, 2002. 相似文献
3.
Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar Muhmmad Yussouf Saleem Muhammad Asghar Mushtaq Ahmad Nighat Sarwar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(4):435-450
Sixty-nine tomato genotypes representing nine Solanum species were evaluated for resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup IA and its aphid vector Myzus persicae. Resistance was assessed by visual scoring of symptoms in the field under natural conditions, and in the greenhouse by artificial
inoculations through aphid M. persicae and mechanical transmissions in the year 2007 and 2009. Considerable variation in responses was observed among the evaluation
methods used. Field evaluations were found liable to errors as different levels were observed for the same genotypes in the
different years, however mechanical inoculation was found to be the most useful in identifying CMV subgroup IA resistance,
in contrast aphid transmission was most useful in identifying insect transmission resistance. All genotypes observed as highly
resistant to CMV subgroup IA in the field or through vector transmission became systemically infected through mechanical inoculations.
Using mechanical inoculation, six genotypes (TMS-1 of S. lycopersicum, LA1963 and L06049 of S. chilense, LA1353, L06145 and L06223 of S. habrochaites) were found resistant and another six (L06188 and L06238 of S. neorickii, L06219 of S. habrochaites, L05763, L05776 and L06240 of S. pennellii) were found tolerant showing mild symptoms with severity index (SI) ranging 1-2 and with delayed disease development after
a latent period (LP) of 18–30 days. However, these genotypes were found to be resistant to highly resistant in the field and
through inoculation by M. persicae; and they also supported low population levels of M. persicae except TMS-1. Another nine genotypes (LA2184 of S. pimpinellifolium L., LA2727 of S. neorickii, LA0111, L06221, L06127 and L06231 of S. peruvianum L., LA1306, L06057 and L06208 of S. chmielewskii) showing a susceptible response after mechanical inoculation were highly resistant, resistant and tolerant after M. persicae transmission. The resistant genotypes, identified in the present study can be exploited in the breeding programmes aimed
at developing tomato varieties resistant to CMV subgroup IA and broadening the genetic base of CMV-resistant germplasm. The
differences observed between mechanical and aphid transmission suggests that one should consider both evaluation methods for
tomato germplasm screening against CMV subgroup IA. 相似文献
4.
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was isolated from a mosaic diseased plant of Eucharis grandiflora. The virus caused mosaic symptoms on leaves and slight distortion of flower petals in E. grandiflora by either mechanical or aphid inoculation. The virus was identified as a strain of CMV subgroup I from its biological and serological characteristics. 相似文献
5.
The biology ofLixus bardanae (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) in northeastern Anatolia (Bayburt, Erzurum and Kars Provinces), Turkey, was studied during the years 2000 and 2001.L. bardanae completes one generation in a year, overwintering as an adult. It feeds on leaves of the host plant. Females lay eggs individually
into stems and the young larvae create galleries in stems while feeding. Pupation occurs inside stems in cells fashioned from
frass. In late September, adults move into soil and overwinter in an upright position around the roots of the host plant.
Infestation levels were found to range between 34% and 84%. Two parasitoids,Exeristes roborator F. andEndromopoda phragmitidis Perve (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), were reared fromL. bardanae.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 21, 2003. 相似文献
6.
Crude ethanolic seed extracts ofAnnona muricata, A. squamosa (Annonaceae),Lansium domesticum andSandoricum koetjape (Meliaceae) collected from different locations and years in Maluku, Indonesia, were screened for inhibition of larval growth
against the polyphagous lepidopteranSpodoptera litura (Noctuidae). Extracts ofA. squamosa were significantly more active (20-fold) than those ofA. muricata. A. squamosa collected from Namlea yielded the extracts with the greatest inhibitory activity. There were significant differences among
locations for bothA. squamosa andA. muricata but not forL. domesticum andS. koetjape. Extracts ofA. squamosa, collected from Namlea, inhibited larval growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a dietary EC50 (effective concentration to inhibit growth by 50% relative to controls) of 191.7 ppm fresh weight. Extracts ofA. squamosa collected from individual trees in Namlea also varied in growth inhibitory effect againstS. litura andTrichoplusia ni larvae. This species is a candidate for development of a botanical insecticide for local use in Indonesia.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 1, 2003. 相似文献
7.
Mitsuro KAMEYA-IWAKI Kimiaki MURAKAMI Shin-ichi ITO Kaoru HANADA Shuhei TANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):64-67
Sequential transmission tests of Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) systemically infecting common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, were conducted using Myzus persicae allowed to fast for 2 hr and then to acquisition feed on infected common bean plants or purified virus for 10 min. In the
sequential transmission tests using either one or 10 aphids per assay plant, three isolates of PSV (J,S,Y5) and one of CMV
(V) were transmitted from and to common bean up to a third or fourth inoculation access. Many aphids transmitted these viruses
to two or three plants. Purified viruses of PSV-S and CMV-V were also transmitted up to a third or second inoculation access
at low percentage. On tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, aphids transmitted PSV-S and CMV-V only in the first inoculation access, although PSV-S was transmitted to only one plant
in the fourth and fifth inoculation access. These viruses may be transmitted in two phases by aphids, depending on the plant
species.
Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 1999 相似文献
8.
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of pepper. In this study, we collected data on the development, survival, fecundity, and proportion of apterous and alate forms of green peach aphid reared on five commercial pepper cultivars (Amiral, Erciyes, Mert, Mertcan, and Naz) at 25?±?1°C, 60?±?5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. We analyzed the life history raw data by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The shortest development time (6.66 days) and highest fecundity (62.68 individuals) occurred on the Erciyes cultivar. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r?=?0.332 d?1), finite rate of increase (λ?=?1.394 d?1), net reproductive rate (R0?=?62.7 offspring) and shortest mean generation time (T?=?12.45 d) also occurred on the Erciyes cultivar; while the lower fitness occurred on the Amiral, Mertcan and Naz cultivars. Our results compared differences in the population growth rate of M. persicae on different pepper cultivars. This information will be useful to individuals working in pest management programs particularly those involving M. persicae. 相似文献
9.
The functional response, development time, survival and reproduction of the lady beetle Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were evaluated at different densities of the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Treatments were carried out at 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% r.h. and 16L:8D photoperiod in a controlled
temperature room. The larvae and adults of S. subvillosus were fed with different densities (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80) of H. pruni in petri dishes. The shape of the functional response was determined by logistic regression, and the values of the coefficient
of attack rates (α) and handling times (T
h) were estimated by using nonlinear least-squares regression. Behavior of each larval stage and adults matched Holling’s type
II functional response. Estimates of α for all stages of S. subvillosus tested were similar, but estimates of T
h varied; it was the shortest for adult females and the longest for third instar larva. Larvae were able to complete their
development at each of the five prey densities, but increased prey densities reduced development time and mortality rate.
Increased prey consumption did not change longevity, but resulted in a higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R
0
), gross reproductive rates (GRR), and shorter mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT).
This research was funded by the Yuzuncu Yil University/foundation of scientific research projects (No. 2002-ZF 044) 相似文献
10.
The study deals with the tachinid parasitoids ofAncyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae):Clytiomya dupuisi Kugler,Clytiomya sola (Rondani) andGymnosoma clavatum (Rohdendorf) (Diptera: Tachinidae). All species are recorded for the first time as parasitoids ofA. leucogrammes, andC. dupuisi was reared for the first time from a host. The parasitization rates ofC. dupuisi on adults ofA. leucogrammes varied from 7% to 9% between 1994 and 1999.C. sola andG. clavatum were reared in only small numbers.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 10, 2003. 相似文献
11.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the prey stage preference and the daily consumption of each stage of the
coccinellid predatorStethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Groups of different life stages of the prey were offered (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults).
The prey preference varied with the stage ofS. punctillum. First larval instars had no significant preference among theT. urticae stages offered. Second larval instars consumed significantly more spider mite larvae in comparison with nymphs. In contrast,
third larval instars indicated a strong preference for mite eggs. Significantly fewerT. urticae larvae were consumed by the fourth larval instars ofS. punctillum, in comparison with the three other mite stages. Finally, adult predators consumed significantly more mite eggs than the
other stages offered. This preferential trend was similar for all adults tested, whether during the pre-oviposition or the
oviposition period.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 17, 2004. 相似文献
12.
Pymetrozine, a novel compound belonging to the class pyridine-azomethines, is a feeding inhibitor labeled for use against
plant pests in the order Hemiptera. Pymetrozine was evaluated for its ability to interfere with whitefly transmission of the
begomovirusTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Pymetrozine was applied as Fulfill
TM
50 WG at two rates (0.291 and 0.582 g formulationl
−1) to tomato seedlings with four to six true leaves. Viruliferous whiteflies (three to five per plant) were added 1, 4, 7 and
11 d after a single application of pymetrozine, and transmission rates were determined 4 wk after the addition of whiteflies.
Pymetrozine provided protection against transmission of TYLCV by viruliferous whiteflies for up to 1 wk after a single apliation.
No phytotoxicity was observed on tomato transplants. These results indicate that pymetrozine could be an effective tool for
tomato transplant producers to protect susceptible transplants from infection by begomoviruses, such as TYLCV. Pymetrozine
might also work well as part of an integrated approach to begomovirus management in greenhouse tomato fruit production.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org positing Oct. 20, 2003. 相似文献
13.
The role of the self-sown shrubsDittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter andRubus ulmifolius Schott as reservoirs of aphid parasitoids was investigated. In the field studies conducted,D. viscosa grew adjacent to crops of durum wheat and barley andR. ulmifolius grew adjacent to cotton. The relative abundance of the parasitoids of(a) Capitophorus inulae (Passerini) onD. viscosa, (b) Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) on durum wheat and barley,(c) Aphis ruborum (Börner) onR. ulmifolius, and(d) Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton in various parts of Greece, was assessed during the years 1996–2000. In 2000, the fluctuation of parasitization of the above four aphid species was recorded and the action of the aphidophagous predators of the family Coccinellidae was studied. It was observed thatAphidius matricariae Haliday predominated onC. inulae andR. padi in all sampling cases. In contrast,Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) was the dominant species parasitizingA. ruborum onR. ulmifolius andA. gossypii on cotton in Thessaly (central Greece) and Macedonia (northern Greece), whereasLysiphlebus confusus Tremblay et Eady andBinodoxys acalephae (Marshall) were the dominant parasitoid species in Thrace (northern Greece).Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus was the most abundant coccinellid species on durum wheat, whereasAdonia variegata (Goeze) predominated on cotton. However, coccinellid individuals were scarce on bothD. viscosa andR. ulmifolius. The present study indicated that these two shrubs can be regarded as useful reservoirs of aphid parasitoids. 相似文献
14.
Kentaro Okuno Tomoko Hama Minoru Takeshita Naruto Furuya Yoichi Takanami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):138-142
A potyvirus, for which the name Japanese hornwort mosaic virus (JHMV) is proposed, was isolated from Japanese hornwort plants
(Cryptotaenia japonica) with mosaic disease symptoms. The virus was used to inoculate mechanically 34 plants belonging to 33 species of 10 families.
Of these species seven from two families were infected. Faint chlorotic spots appeared on the inoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor, but no systemic infection occurred in these plants. JHMV systemically infected only Umbelliferae plants; they did not infect
26 other species in eight families. JHMV was transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by aphids (Myzus persicae). The virus was a flexuous rod-shaped particle about 750 nm in length. Sequencing the nucleotides in the 3′ terminal region
of JHMV revealed that the coat protein contains 280 amino acids with a molecular mass of 32.2 kDa. The nucleotide sequence
of the coat protein of JHMV had the highest similarity with that of Zantedeschia mosaic virus (83.3%) compared to those of
other potyviruses (57.0%–64.9%). An antiserum against JHMV reacted strongly with JHMV and weakly with Potato virus Y. These results indicate that JHMV is a new potyvirus.
Received: September 9, 2002 / Accepted: November 7, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" The nucleotide sequence determined in this work appears in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nucleotide sequence databases with
the accession number AB081518 相似文献
15.
Keisuke Tomioka Yuuri Hirooka Takayuki Aoki Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):264-266
Severe rot of leaves, peduncles and flowers caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium
graminearum) was found on potted plants of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis), a liliaceous ornamental, in greenhouses in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in January 2001. This disease was named “Fusarium
rot of hyacinth” as a new disease because only the anamorph, F.
graminearum, was identified on the diseased host plant.
The authors contributed equally to this work.
The fungal isolate and its nucleotide sequence data obtained in this study were deposited in the Genebank, National Institute
of Agrobiological Sciences and the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers MAFF239499 and AB366161, respectively. 相似文献
16.
Ricardo B. Baldassari Ester Wickert Antonio de Goes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(2):103-110
In the present study, the pathogenicity of 36 isolates of Guignardia species isolated from asymptomatic ‘Tahiti’ acid lime fruit peels and leaves, ‘Pêra-Rio’ sweet orange leaves and fruit peel
lesions, and a banana leaf were characterized. For pathogenicity testing, discs of citrus leaves colonized by Phyllosticta citricarpa under controlled laboratory conditions were kept in contact with the peels of fruit that were in susceptible states. In addition,
pathogenicity was related to morphological characteristics of colonies on oatmeal (OA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). This
allowed the morphological differentiation between G. citricarpa and G. mangiferae. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were also used to identify non-pathogenic isolates based on primers specific to G. citricarpa. A total of 14 pathogenic isolates were detected during pathogenicity tests. Five of these were obtained from leaf and fruit
tissues of the ‘Tahiti’, which until this time had been considered resistant to the pathogen. Given that the G. citricarpa obtained from this host was pathogenic, it would be more appropriate to use the term insensitive rather than resistant to
categorize G. citricarpa. A non-pathogenic isolate was obtained from lesions characteristic of citrus black spot (CBS), indicating that isolation
of Guignardia spp. under these conditions does not necessarily imply isolation of pathogenic strains. This also applied to Guignardia spp. isolates from asymptomatic citrus tissues. Using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) markers,
typically pathogenic isolates were shown to be more closely related to one another than to the non-pathogenic forms, indicating
that the non-pathogenic isolates display higher levels of genetic diversity. 相似文献
17.
Pepper mottle virus, genus Potyvirus, was first identified in Japan based on particle morphology, host range, aphid transmission, and molecular classification using the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene and 3-untranslated region. 相似文献
18.
A new bacterial black spot disease was observed on Odontoglossum, Odontioda, Odontocidium, and Vuylstekeara orchids in Japan. Typical symptoms on the leaves were dark or black spots (or both) with a yellow halo. The causal agent was identified as Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis, Van Van, Bardin, Goor, Hebbar, Willems, Segers, Kersters, Heulin and Fernandez 1995. The isolates were pathogenic on four original host orchids, Phalaenopsis orchid, and tulip; they were not pathogenic on white clover or corn after needle stab inoculation. An antibiotic bactericide (oxytetracycline/streptomycin mixture WP) was most effective for controlling the disease. 相似文献
19.
Toyozo Sato Jun Okamoto Yosuke Degawa Shigeru Matsunari Kokichi Takahashi Keisuke Tomioka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):46-51
In some areas of Japan, yellow spots with white pustules on leaves, stems, petioles, peduncles and calyces were found on Ipomoea nil, I. triloba, I. lacunosa and I. hederacea var. integriuscula. We demonstrated that the diseases on I. nil, I. triloba and I. lacunosa were caused by host-specific strains of Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae and defined three forma speciales of the fungus, respectively, for the three Ipomoea species: “f. sp. nile”, “f. sp. trilobae” and “f. sp. lacunosae”. Because the diseases were new to Japan, we coined the Japanese name “shirosabi-byo”, which means white rust. We also showed
that the disease on I. hederacea var. integriuscula was caused by A. ipomoeae-hardwickii. We named this new disease “white rust (shirosabi-byo in Japanese)”. 相似文献
20.
Trifone D’Addabbo Pinarosa Avato Aldo Tava 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(1):39-49
The nematicidal effect of soil amendments with dry top and root material from Medicago sativa and/or Medicago arborea was evaluated on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and on the cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis in potting mixes. All amendments suppressed root and soil population densities of both nematode species compared to non-treated
and chemical controls. The suppressiveness of M. sativa differed between top and root material and among the amendment rates. In field conditions soil amendments with 20 or 40 t
ha−1 of a pelleted M. sativa meal increased tomato crop yield and reduced soil population densities and root galling by M. incognita. It is suggested that saponins were at least partly responsible for the nematicidal activity. 相似文献