甘蓝型油菜浙双72菜用和油用研究

浙双72油菜不同播期、移栽密度及采薹长度对菜薹、菜籽产量及经济效益影响的研究表明,浙双72早播可以提高菜薹、菜籽产量,播期以9月1日为宜,移栽密度10.5×104株/hm2为佳。采薹对株高、一次分枝有较大影响,但对产量影响不明显,采薹长度以10cm为好。浙双72作为菜用和油用栽培,单位面积产值明显增加,可在生产上大面积推广种植。     

菘油2号选育及油蔬两用价值初探

药用植物菘蓝的特定染色体附加到甘蓝型油菜所产生的附加系表现一定的抗病毒活性,但尚无营养成分、菜薹和菜籽产量、综合效益方面的研究。本研究以抗病毒油菜菘油1号为父本,细胞核雄性不育系川A-3为母本选育出菘油2号,并对其进行油蔬两用产量、农艺性状、菜薹营养、种子品质、综合效益等方面的研究。结果表明,具有菘蓝染色体特异标记的植株占48.56%,其菜薹营养丰富,维生素C和锌含量明显高于西兰花1-1-5、白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,氨基酸、蛋白质含量明显高于白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,与西兰花1-1-5相当。从播种到始摘薹的天数平均为117 d,菜薹产量为16 908.8 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产75.1%。与单纯收籽栽培相比,摘薹后末花期延迟6～10 d,株高、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株产量,含油量都显著降低,其末花期理论生物量平均124.3 t/hm²,收获油菜籽1127.3 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产16.4%,较单纯收油菜籽栽培减产42...     

“油蓥两用”对直播油菜生产的影响

[目的]推广高效油菜生产技术,研究“油薹两用”对直播油菜生产的影响。[方法]设摘薹20cm、摘薹10cm和不摘薹3个处理,3次重复,随机区组排列,记录生育期,考察农艺性状、产量和效益。[结果]摘薹使油菜生育期延长,株高降低,有效分枝位降低,一次分枝数减少,二次分枝数增加,总分枝数减少,单株角果数减少,千粒重减小,油菜籽产量减少;摘薹长度越长,莱薹产量越大,但油菜籽减产越明显。[结论]直播油菜适当应用“油差两用”技术才能增加生产效益。     

光叶杂交油菜油用及菜用特性的研究

4个甘蓝型光叶杂交油菜组合的营养优势表现和摘薹对油菜经济性状影响的研究表明,光叶杂交油菜营养优势明显,早播可以早摘薹,摘薹作蔬菜对株高和分枝有较大影响,但对产量影响不明显.光叶杂交油菜作油用及菜用栽培,单位面积产值明显增加,可在城郊推广种植.     

油蔬两用油菜干物质积累及氮磷钾养分的吸收利用

为了解油蔬两用生产方式下油菜养分吸收利用特性以合理施肥,通过两年定点取样,以不摘薹处理为对照,比较油菜现蕾摘薹后至成熟期间甘蓝型油菜品种的干物质积累、养分吸收与分配的差异。结果发现：摘薹后油菜生育期、分枝结构、干物质积累、养分吸收利用特性等均发生了改变。与不摘臺相比,摘薹后油菜籽粒产量降低,整株干物重增多,生育期延长8d,分枝发生提前,二次分枝增多（达每株19.2枝）,籽粒产量主要来自二次分枝。氮磷钾三种元素含量随生育进程低,成熟时在角果中的含量大于根茎。摘薹后20d内,由于创伤的修复导致植株干物质积累量、氮磷钾养分吸收量增加缓慢。摘薹20d后,植株开始快速吸收养分;至成熟时,摘薹处理氮磷钾养分的积累更高。摘薹后油菜冠层结构以二次分枝为主、一次分枝为辅,二次分枝花果干物重、氮素积累量均高于一次分枝;而不摘薹处理一次分枝干物重和氮素积累量最高,主茎次之,二次分枝最低。油菜摘薹后生育期延长,干物质和养分积累持续时间变长。可见,油蔬两用生产的油菜需肥特性与常规油菜不同,需要结合特性研究具体的肥料运筹方式。     

湘中地区油菜新品种适应性研究

为筛选适合湘中地区种植的双低油菜品种,2011～2012年引进了5个油菜品种在娄底进行比较试验.结果表明:兴地油1号、湘杂油763、湘杂油5号抗病性强、丰产性好,可在湘中地区示范推广；湘杂油591、沣油792产量较低,宜进一步试验示范.     

光叶杂交油菜油用及菜用特性研究

4个甘蓝型光叶杂交油菜组合的营养优势表现和摘薹对油菜经济性状影响的研究表明，光叶杂交油菜营养优势明显，早播可以早摘薹，摘薹作蔬菜对株高和分枝有较大影响，但对产量影响不明显。光叶杂交油菜作油用及菜用栽培，单位面积产值明显增加，可在城郊推广种植。     

薹油两用油菜研究进展

薹油两用油菜因为菜薹风味独特和较好的经济效益,逐步转入产业化栽培。综述了薹油两用油菜品种选育和栽培技术研究方面所取得的进展,提出了其发展前景。     

高含油量黄籽杂交油菜品种湘杂油631的选育

湘杂油631是湖南农业大学油料作物研究所育成的黄籽高产高含油量双低杂交油菜新品种,黄籽率稳定在90％以上.试验表明,湘杂油631平均产量达2 468.4 kg/h m2,比对照增产13.84％,种子含油量为45.8％,比生产上大面积推广的品种高3％～5％.介绍了湘杂油631在湖南省油菜区域试验中的选育经过、特征特性和栽培技术.     

收获期及后熟处理对甘蓝型油菜种子活力的影响

为探索油菜高活力种子的适宜收获期和后熟处理方式,以甘蓝型油菜湘杂油420、湘杂油787为材料,设置6个收获期、2种后熟处理方式,对不同处理油菜种子的活力进行比较分析.结果表明,在盛花后34～45 d内收获,随着收获期的延迟,种子千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数呈增加趋势,电导率呈下降趋势.后熟处理具有显著提...     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。