几种松树挥发物对松材线虫行为的影响

通过室内生测的方法,研究了几种主要的松树挥发物对松材线虫行为的影响.结果表明,α-异松油烯、β-水芹烯、β-蒎烯抑制松材线虫繁殖,其中α-异松油烯、β-水芹烯抑制力较强,β-蒎烯抑制力较弱,而β-月桂烯、反式-石竹烯、莰烯、异长叶烯和α-蒎烯对线虫繁殖没有影响.β-水芹烯和莰烯具有杀松材线虫活性,β-蒎烯和β-月桂烯增强松材线虫活力,而异长叶烯、α-蒎烯、反式-石竹烯对线虫存活没有影响.β-蒎烯、反式-石竹烯、异长叶烯、莰烯对松材线虫具引诱作用,其中β-蒎烯引诱力最强,反式-石竹烯次之,异长叶烯、莰烯引诱力最弱,而α-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、α-异松油烯和β-月桂烯对线虫无引诱作用.并对几种挥发物在松树抗松材线虫病中的作用进行了讨论.     

Comparing Immature Development and Life History Traits in Two Coexisting Host-Feeding Parasitoids,Diglyphus isaea and Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Coexisting natural enemies that share a common host resource in the same guild usually exhibit variation in their life history traits, due to their need to share a similar ecological niche. In this study, we compared the immature development times and adult life history traits of two coexisting, host-feeding parasitoids, Diglyphus isaea Walker and Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of which both attack larvae of the same agromyzid leafminers. These two species are both synovigenic, idiobiont parasitoids, whose adults consume host fluids (“host feeding”) and lay anhydropic eggs. Of the two, D. isaea has a larger body but little or no initial egg load, and engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events. However, it achieves higher fecundity, longer adult longevity, and higher host suppression ability than N. formosa, which has a smaller body and higher initial egg load. Although D. isaea engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events with N. formosa, all of its gains in life history traits per host-feeding event of D. isaea were larger than those of N. formosa. The age-specific fecundity and host mortality curves of N. formosa were more skewed in early life than those of D. isaea. In addition, the ovigeny index of N. formosa was negatively correlated to body size. Our results confirmed that two coexisting parasitoids, which share the same host resource, show different immature development patterns and life history traits, suggesting that different resource allocation mode could be a general rule of coexisting species sharing the same habitat or host.     

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Family of the Pea Aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors （nAchRs） are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels by ifve subunits in insect and vertebrate nervous systems. The insect nAChR is the molecular target of a class of insecticides, neonicotinoids. Here, we identiifed and cloned 11 candidate nAChR subunit genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum using genome-based bioinformatics combined modern molecular techniques. Most A. pisum nAChRs including α1, α2, α3, α4, α6, α8, and β1 show highly sequence identities with the counterparts of other insects examined. Expression proifles analysis showed that all subunit genes were expressed in adult head. At least two subunits have alternative splicing that obviously increase A. pisum nicotinic receptor diversity. This study will be invaluable for exploring the molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoid-like insecticides in sucking pests, and for ultimately establishing the screening platform of novel insecticides.     

Gene cloning and expression analyses of WBC genes in the developing grapevine seeds

White-brown complex (WBC) transporters, also called half-size ATP binding cassette G (ABCG) transporters, are involved in many biological processes, including seed development; however, the WBC transporters in grapevines received less attention to date. To reveal the molecular characteristics of WBCs and the connection between WBCs and agronomic traits of stenospermocarpic (seedless) grapevine, we carried out a genomic census and analysis of ovule-associated expression for VvWBC genes in grapevine. We identified 30 VvWBC genes and cloned full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) for 20 of these. The tissue or organ-specific expression analysis showed that several VvWBCs exhibited distinct expression patterns with some showing tissue specificity. Twelve VvWBC genes were found to be expressed in the developing ovules. Moreover, the results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) suggested that four of twelve ovule-expressed VvWBCs have distinct expression profiles during the development of ovules between seeded and stenospermocarpic grapevines. These four genes might be involved in ovule abortion. Meanwhile, chromosome mapping, multiple sequence alignments, exon/intron structure analyses and synteny analyses were preformed on VvWBC genes. Our experiments provide a new perspective on the mechanism of stenospermocarpic seedlessness and put forward a framework for further study of WBC transporters.     

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of defense responses triggered by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infection in rice

The soil-borne necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani is one of destructive fungi causing severe yield losses in various important crops. However, the host defense mechanisms against the invasion of this pathogen are poorly understood. In this study, we employed an i TRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach to investigate host proteins responsive to R. solani using the resistant rice cultivar YSBR1. As a whole, we identified 319 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs) after inoculation of ri...     

侧柏提取物对双条杉天牛引诱作用的初步研究(Ⅰ)——提取物引诱活性测定

本文研究了侧柏树皮挥发油对双条杉天牛的引诱作用。利用冷阱和水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用硅胶往层析分离提取物得到的活性组分进行了室内室外引诱活性测定。结果表明:侧柏挥发油对双条杉天牛雌雄成虫有强烈的引诱作用。其活性成分含有α—蒎烯、β—菠烯、α—侧柏烯、α—葑烯、冬青油烯、α—月桂烯、Δ~3-蒈烯、α-松油烯、对伞花烃、柠檬烯、γ一松油烯、萜品油烯和斧柏烯。其中α—蒎烯、β—蒎烯以及两者的1:1混合物对双条杉天牛无引诱作用。     

Structure,Binding Characteristics,and 3D Model Prediction of a Newly Identified Odorant-Binding Protein from the Cotton Bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The full-length sequence of the odorant binding protein 5 gene, HarmOBP5, was obtained from an antennae cDNA library of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The cDNA contains a 444 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein with 147 amino acids, namely HarmOBP5. HarmOBP5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the purified protein can be used for further investigation of its binding characteristics. Competitive binding assays with 113 odorant chemicals indicated that HarmOBP5 has strong affinity to some special plant volatiles, including (E)-ß-farnesene, ethyl butyrate, ethyl heptanoate, and acetic acid 2-methylbutyl ester. Based on three-dimensional (3D) model of AaegOBP1 from Aedes aegypti, a 3D model of HarmOBP5 was predicted. The model revealed that some key binding residues in HarmOBP5 may play important roles in odorant perception of H. armigera. This study provides clues for better understanding physiological functions of OBPs in H. armigera and other insects.     

长叶榧叶精油化学成份的初步研究

关于长叶榧(Torreya jackii chun)叶油的化学成份,至今尚未见报导。由水蒸汽蒸馏法而获得的长叶榧叶油,用气相色谱——质谱法分离分析,确定了24个组分。该精油是一种萜类芳香油,主要成分为α-罗勒烯(63.265％),β-罗勒烯(3.590％),a-蒎烯(1.439％),β-蒎烯(4.496％),β-月桂烯(5.289％),葎草烯(1.502％)和榄香烯(1.381％)。     

Functional Characteristics of a Novel Chemosensory Protein in the Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

A chemosensory protein named HarmCSP5 in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was obtained from antennal cDNA libraries and expressed in Escherichia coli. The real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results indicated that HarmCSP5 gene was mainly expressed in male and female antennae but also expressed in female legs and wings. Competitive binding assays were performed to test the binding affinity of recombinant HarmCSP5 to 60 odor molecules including some cotton volatiles. The resules showed that HarmCSP5 showed strong binding abilities to 4-ehtylbenzaldehyde and 3,4-dimethlbenz aldehyde, whereas methyl phenylacetate, 2-decanone, 1-pentanol, carvenol, isoborneol, nerolidol, 2-nonanone and ethyl heptanoate have relatively weak binding affinity. Moreover, the predicted 3D model of HarmCSP5 consists of six α-helices located among residues 33–38 (α1), 40–48 (α2), 62–72 (α3), 80–96 (α4), 98–108 (α5), and 116–119 (α6), two pairs of disulfide bridges Cys49-Cys55, Cys75-Cys78. The two amino acid residues, Ile94 and Trp101, may play crucial roles in HarmCSP5 binding with ligands and need further study for confirmation.     

河南禹州产迷迭香精油成分的GC-MS分析

【目的】对禹州引种的迷迭香精油成分进行分析,并与国内其他产区的迷迭香进行比较,为国内迷迭香精油的生产和加工提供依据。【方法】用GC-MS技术和峰面积归一化法,参照NIST08质谱库,对禹州产迷迭香的精油成分进行定性和定量分析。【结果】从禹州产迷迭香精油中检测到40种物质,并鉴定了25种;含量较高的物质依次为：α-蒎烯(37.150%)、莰烯(18.053%)、桉树脑(12.284%)、樟脑(7.295%)、α-水芹烯(3.820%)、4-蒈烯(3.548%)、β-月桂烯(2.720%)、龙脑(2.273%)、乙酸龙脑酯 (1.632%)、α-松油醇（1.343%）和β-蒎烯（1.760%）等;其中,莰烯、α-水芹烯和β-月桂烯的含量高于国内其他产区,α-蒎烯和樟脑含量居国内前列。【结论】与国内其他产区相似,禹州产迷迭香也属于西班牙型;从中提取的精油符合行业规定标准。     

Characterization of laccase gene StLAC6 and its involvement in the pathogenicity and peroxisome function in Setosphaeria turcica

Laccases, as a kind of multicopper oxidase, play an important role in pigment synthesis and growth in fungi and are involved in their interactions with host plants. In Setosphaeria turcica, 9 laccase-like multicopper oxidases have been identified, and StLAC2 is involved in the synthesis of the melanin that accumulates in the cell wall. The function of another major laccase gene, StLAC6, was studied here. The knockout of StLAC6 had no effect on the growth, morphology or invasion ability of S. tur...