奶牛神经型酮病的防治措施

酮病是牛较常见的一种营养代谢病,又称牛酮血病或醋酮血病。多发于高产牛,特别是泌乳旺盛期的奶牛;本病主要由于饲料中糖和生糖物质不足,以致脂肪代谢障碍,体内产生大量酮体(主要是P-羟丁酸),引起营养代谢障碍。常在产后几天或几周出现。1发病机理(1)酮病是由于奶牛体内碳水化合物及挥发性脂肪酸     

高梁及玉米幼苗牛羊不能吃

秋后,收割了的高粱、玉米茬返青,有些农户将返青的高粱、玉米幼苗割去喂牛、羊,其实,这是很危险的,牛、羊采食了高粱、玉米幼苗极易发生氢氰酸中毒,诸农户务必慎重。因为,高粱、玉米幼苗中含有一种产氰的配糖体,牛、羊采食后,在氰醣酶的作用下,便会很快在体内水解出配糖体部     

一例奶牛酮血病的诊治

牛酮血病是由于日粮中糖和生糖物质不足,蛋白质和脂肪过多导致脂肪代谢紊乱,产生大量酮体在体内蓄积所引起的一种代谢病。本病多发生于壮龄、经产、营养良好的高产奶牛,常在产后两星期左右发病,个别产后2～3d或泌乳期发病。     

奶牛妊娠毒血症的治疗

最近,笔者在山东莱阳发现了症状较为明显的一例.此牛从山西运至莱阳,由于在天气炎热的情况下经数天长途运输,并且此牛处于妊娠后期且怀有双胎,结果致使使牛体内电解质、水分流失过度,耗糖量增加、血糖浓度降低,最后引起本病发生.     

奶牛酮病综合防治初探

奶牛酮病是乳牛典型的生产病之一,奶牛酮病是由于糖、脂肪代谢障碍致使血液中糖含量减少,而血液中酮体含量异常增多,多发生在泌乳初期,牛体内碳水化合物和挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱,引起的酮尿、酮乳、酮血症及低血糖症的一种代谢性疾病。     

一例奶牛酮血病的诊断与治疗

牛酮血病是由于日粮中糖和生糖物质不足，蛋白质和脂肪过多导致脂肪代谢紊乱，产生大量酮体在体内蓄积所引起的一种代谢病。本病多发生于壮龄、经产、营养良好的高产奶牛，常在产后两星期左右发病，个别产后2～3天或泌乳期发病。     

维生素B1缺乏症的防治

维生素B1缺乏症是由于体内硫胺素缺乏或不足所引起的一种以神经系统机能障碍为主要特征的营养代谢病。本病多见于禽类、犊牛以及羔羊等幼畜,偶尔见于猪、牛、羊、马和兔等。本病的发生主要是由于长期饲喂缺乏维生素B1的饲料,体内硫胺素合成障碍或某些因素影响其吸收和利用。维生素B1具有氧化,调节糖     

奶牛酮病的病因分析及综合防治措施

正1病因分析酮病是泌乳母牛产后几天至几星期内发生的以血液酮体浓度增高为特征的营养代谢性疾病。精料过多,可溶性糖及优质干草缺乏。这样就会使牛体内产生低级脂肪酸过多,超出机体的处理能力,产生酮     

双氧水治疗耕牛氢氰酸中毒的例析

氢氰酸中毒是由于家畜采食富含氰苷配糖体的青饲料,在体内水解生成氢氰酸,引起以呼吸困难、震颤、惊厥为特征的组织中毒性缺氧症.本病多见于牛和羊,少发于马、猪和犬.双氧水治疗水牛氢氰酸中毒效果好,疗效迅速,价格低,在农村及基层兽医站均有贮存,农畜牧有很高的实用价值.     

牛蛋白质需要量测定方法的研究进展

牛蛋白质需要量的测定方法有体内法、半体内法和体外法。体内法能准确反映牛蛋白质需要量,但操作复杂。半体内法因重复性好,与体内法有较好的相关性而被广泛应用。体外法操作简单,结果具有一定的可靠性,但不能完全真实的反映瘤胃内实际发酵情况。对上述测定方法的研究进展进行了简要综述,以为研究牛的蛋白质需要量提供参考。     

牧场犊牛发病次数与生长发育的关系

通过对全国157 个规模化牧场在2020年1—12 月出生的220 日龄内母犊牛各阶段发病次数、体重和日增重进行分析,旨在研究犊牛不同阶段发病次数对其后期体重、日增重的影响。结果表明:(1)断奶前后,60 日龄内发病次数≥2 次的犊牛,61~129 日龄体重、日增重极显著低于未发病犊牛和发病次数为1 次的犊牛(P<0.01);(2)转育成时,60 日龄内发病次数≥2 次的犊牛,转育成171~219 日龄体重极显著低于未发病犊牛和发病次数为1 次的犊牛(P<0.01);60~179 日龄发病次数≥1 次,转育成171~219 日龄体重和转育成日增重极显著低于未发病组(P<0.01)。因此,犊牛发病次数越多,后期生长发育越缓慢,建议牧场重视并加强犊牛断奶前后和转育成的饲养管理,做好疾病防治,以减少发病次数。     

Association of body weight and body condition with survival in dogs with heart failure

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in people, but overweight and obese human heart failure patients have improved survival compared with normal--or underweight controls--the obesity paradox. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association of body weight and body condition with survival in dogs with heart failure. HYPOTHESIS: That body condition and changes in body weight are predictors of survival in dogs with heart failure. ANIMALS: One hundred and eight dogs with heart failure (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council stages 2, 3a, or 3b) secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy or chronic valvular disease. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed, and data regarding initial body weight and body condition score (BCS), subsequent changes in body weight, and treatment were collected. Survival times were determined for dogs that were discharged from the hospital and lived >24 hours. RESULTS: Survival was significantly different between dogs that gained, lost, or maintained body weight over the course of their disease (P= .04), with dogs that gained weight surviving the longest. BCS and medications were not significantly associated with survival time; however, n-3 fatty acid intake was associated with longer survival time (P= .009). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These results suggest that changes in body weight might be an important consideration in the survival of dogs with heart failure.     

牛胃肠炎发生原因及防治

胃肠炎是家畜生长中的常见病和高发病,牛具有很高的发病率。造成胃肠炎发生的原因是饲养管理不到位、饲料营养价值较差,饲料不足,牛出现营养不良,身体抵抗能力下降,使消化机能变差,进入消化道中的饲料不能很好的吸收,肠鸣音大,饲料随着肠道的蠕动排出体外。临床上主要表现为腹泻、身体脱水、生长发育不良。由于牛胃肠炎的发生机理还不明确,病因比较复杂,在疾病诊治期间应尝试明确实际的发病愿意,对动物进行对症防治,确保牛健康生长。该文主要论述牛胃肠炎的发生原因和防治措施。     

Traumatic gastropericarditis in a horse

An ingested metallic foreign body migrated from the stomach and induced restrictive pericarditis in a horse. Necropsy revealed chronic abdominal and acute thoracic lesions. Although rare, ingested foreign body migration should be considered in the differential diagnosis of body cavity disease in horses.     

Clinical dental examinations of 357 donkeys in the UK. Part 2: Epidemiological studies on the potential relationships between different dental disorders,and between dental disease and systemic disorders

Reasons for performing study: Dental disease has been shown to be a risk factor for weight loss and colic in horses. No extensive clinical studies in donkeys have investigated the potential relationship between different dental disorders, or between dental disease and systemic disorders. Objectives: To determine possible associations between dental disease and body condition score, weight loss, the need for supplemental feeding and prevalence of colic in donkeys of all ages, and to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of dental disease by the determination of associations between different dental disorders. Methods: A prospective cross‐sectional analysis of clinical dental examinations of 357 donkeys in The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth was performed. Other epidemiological factors such as estimated age group, body condition score, weight loss, medical history and supplemental feeding were also recorded, and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine possible associations. Results: Donkeys from older age groups were more likely to have dental disease, poor body condition score and suffered previous colic episodes. The presence of dental disease was also significantly associated with weight loss, colic, low body condition score and the need for supplemental feeding. The presence of diastemata, periodontal disease, wave mouth, smooth mouth and step mouth are frequently associated with the presence of other dental disorders. Conclusions: In addition to oral‐related pain, dental disease can cause significant systemic disorders and so has increased welfare implications in donkeys. Some dental disorders promote the development of other types of dental abnormalities and thus increase the severity of dental disease in individual animals. Potential significance: Effective treatment of dental disorders slows down the progression of dental disease and decreases the risk of developing some medical disorders such as colic and weight loss that are associated with dental disease.     

A pilot study of the effects of mechanical shortening of ewes' incisors (bite correction) on body weight and the development of periodontal disease

A field trial was set up to determine the effects of mechanical shortening of long incisors (bite correction) of ewes with early periodontal disease on the progress of the disease and on their body weights. On a farm near Te Anau with a high prevalence of periodontal disease in sheep, the body weights of 75 sound mouth ewes and two groups each of 75 ewes with periodontal disease were recorded. At the start of the trial, the incisors of the ewes in one of the groups with periodontal disease were shortened using a grinder. The trial ran for 2 years. The mouths of almost all the sheep which had sound mouths at the start of the trial remained sound throughout. This suggests that on periodontal disease-prone farms it may be possible to select ewes at 3 or 4 years of age which will retain sound mouths throughout much of thei-r productive lives. Throughout the trial, sheep with advanced periodontal disease tended to be lighter than sheep with mild periodontal disease and those in turn tended to be lighter than sheep with sound mouths. Mechanical shortening of the incisors did not alter the proportion which subsequently developed advanced periodontal disease. Seventeen to eighteen percent of ewes in both periodontal disease groups had developed advanced periodontal disease by the end of the trial. There was no significant difference in body weight between the group with shortened incisors and the group with untreated periodontal disease. Consequently, the trial provides no evidence that the mechanical shortening of the incisors of ewes will improve their productivity.     

Usefulness of cardiac hormones for evaluating valvular disease in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Nonhuman primates are commonly used as experimental animals due to their biological resemblance to humans. In patients with cardiac disease, the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) tend to increase in response to cardiac damage, and they are thus used as indicators for the diagnosis of human heart failure. However, no reference values for ANP and BNP have been reported for heart disease in nonhuman primates. In this study, we recorded the age, sex, and body weight of 202 cynomolgus monkeys, and performed evaluations to assess the ANP and BNP levels, electrocardiography and echocardiography, and accordingly divided the monkeys into two groups: healthy monkeys and those with spontaneous cardiac disease. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship of ANP and BNP with the factors of age, sex, and body weight. No significant relationship was found between the levels of ANP and BNP and the factors of age, sex, and body weight. However, both the ANP and BNP levels were significantly different between the healthy monkeys and monkeys with valvular disease. Similar to humans, the ANP and BNP levels tended to increase with the progression of cardiac disease in monkeys. Based on these results, we concluded that ANP and BNP are indicators of cardiac disease in nonhuman primates, and that this nonhuman primate cardiac disease model is applicable for cardiology research in humans.     

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC NASAL DISEASE

Computed tomographic (CT) studies of 80 dogs with chronic nasal disease (nasal neoplasia (n = 19), nasal aspergillosis (n = 46), nonspecific rhinitis (n = 11), and foreign body rhinitis (n = 4)) were reviewed retrospectively by two independent observers. Each observer filled out a custom-designed list to record his or her interpretation of the CT signs and selected a diagnosis. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the diagnosis of each disease. The agreement between observers was evaluated. The CT signs corresponded to those previously described in the literature. CT had an accuracy greater than 90% for each observer in all disease processes. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were greater than 80% in all dogs with the exception of the PPV of foreign body rhinitis (80% for observer A and 44% for observer B). There was a substantial, to almost perfect, agreement between the two observers regarding the CT signs and diagnosis. This study indicates a high accuracy of CT for diagnosis of dogs with chronic nasal disease. The differentiation between nasal aspergillosis restricted to the nasal passages and foreign body rhinitis may be difficult when the foreign body is not visible.     

1例犬食道阻塞的诊治及体会

犬食道异物阻塞是宠物临床医疗中常见的疾病,早期往往伴随吞咽困难,采食后很快即返流等症状,但随着病程延长病犬往往食欲废绝。临床可通过X线检查而确诊,一旦确诊要及时进行治疗。以1例犬食道异物阻塞为例,对其临床诊断、治疗及术后护理过程进行了介绍,旨在对今后临床实践提供一定的借鉴指导。     

牛结节性皮肤病的防控

牛结节性皮肤病是由牛结节性皮肤病病毒感染牛只导致的一种传染病,肉牛、亚洲水牛、奶牛易感。该病发病时以全身皮肤广泛性结节为特征,因此又叫牛疙瘩皮肤病,除皮肤病变外还可能有发热,体表淋巴结肿大,口、鼻和眼部溃疡,鼻和眼部伴有分泌物,四肢及腹部、会阴等部位水肿等临床表现,死亡率低,但发病率高,传染性强,严重影响牛的生长发育和生产。2019年8月我国新疆伊利首次报道了该病,随后在福建、江西、广东等地发现了该病的流行。该病通过临床症状和流行病学调查可做出初步诊断,确诊需要通过实验室诊断。我国对该病的防控主要采取免疫、隔离、扑杀、消毒等综合性的防控措施。