我国养鹿业的现状前景与发展策略

对国内外养鹿业现状及阻碍我国养鹿业可持续发展的因素进行了分析 ,并提出了发展我国养鹿业应采取的策略     

养鹿业:机遇与挑战并存

当前，我国的养鹿业面临着一个发展的问题，怎样客观地、冷静地看待、分析我国养鹿业的发展形势，是关系到这个产业生死存亡的大事，我们应勇敢地迎接养鹿业发展中所面临的机遇和挑战。 连续１０年养鹿业的高回报率，促使了国外养鹿业快速发展。新西兰、澳大利亚、加拿大、日本等国的养鹿业逐步成熟，由原来的跟在我国后面学步，到目前已成为我们强有力的竞争对手，挤占了我国鹿茸在韩国、香港和东南亚市场的占有量，影响了我国鹿茸的出口。新西兰、澳大利亚饲养的欧洲赤鹿属放牧型鹿，饲养方法粗放，养殖成本低，过去他们养鹿的目的是肉用…     

我国当前养鹿业现状及建议

<正>一、养鹿业现状近几年我国养鹿业面临着很大的困难,一方面作为我国养鹿业主要产品的鹿茸价格由于受国际市场影响及部分驯鹿茸、赤鹿茸的冲击,呈现持续低迷的状态另一方面鹿饲料的价格与前几年相比攀升比例很高,鹿的饲养成本上涨,作为以鹿茸为主导产品的养鹿企业及个人,难以实现赢利,部分企业及个人呈现亏损的情况;而且受鹿茸市场持续低迷的影响,近几年仔鹿的价格也非常低,导致养鹿企业及个人养殖母鹿的信心大大降低,对母鹿及产茸低的公鹿淘汰比例增加。总之,我国养鹿业目前面临相当大的困难,整个产业处于调整和产业转型期。     

几个特养品种的饲养前景

1.养鹿业发展较快:当前我国的养鹿业发展很快,全国鹿的存栏数居世界之首。近几年来,利用鹿开发了不少强身健体的系列产品。2.獭兔业行情看好:入世后我国的獭兔生产在国际市场上有明显的价格优势。     

中国养鹿业的困惑

一些权威畜牧专家预言鹿有可能成为未来取代牛羊的最大的畜种。养鹿业是畜牧业中蓬勃发展、前景广阔的朝阳产业。 我国是养鹿和鹿产品开发利用最早的国家,已有数千年的历史。我国人工养鹿业存栏现达60多万只,并且人工培育出双阳梅花鹿品种、天山马鹿清源品种等优良     

鹿茸市场竞争及我国养鹿业发展对策

本文讨论国内外养鹿业概况，指出了我国养鹿业存在问题、未来国际鹿茸市场情况及我国在竞争中将处的地位。就我国养鹿业发展提出十项措施与对策。     

祁连县养鹿业发展途径的探讨

祁连是我国马鹿和白唇鹿的主要产地之一,又是我省养鹿业重点发展区域之一。如何利用祁连山区丰富的野鹿资源和自然条件,发展本地区养鹿业,是值得探讨的一个课题。一、养鹿业的历史及现状祁连县养鹿业分为国营鹿场和社办鹿场。目前,全县共驯养各类鹿1,211只(1983年初存栏数)。1982年产茸800余斤,质量、产量都居我省养鹿业中的首位。     

世界养鹿业概况与我国养鹿业的发展策略

重点介绍了新西兰、俄罗斯与加拿大3个养鹿大国的概况,同时详细阐述了半个世纪来我国在养鹿业的发展和驯养、育种等方面的成就,并对我国将成为养鹿大国、强国提出了一些建议。     

鹿的引种及引种后的饲养繁育

近５０年的养鹿实践表明,我国养鹿业是一项长期高效产业,其效益是牛羊的多倍。目前,部分下岗职工在广开就业门路时选择养鹿,一些资金雄厚的企业家在开发新产业时,也抓紧上养鹿项目。尤其山东、河北、浙江和贵州等省,从吉辽两省大量引种梅花鹿和马鹿进行饲养,并对鹿...     

全球掀起养鹿热 中国鹿业迎挑战

中国是世界上使用鹿产品历史最久的国家,人工养鹿已有200多年。受养鹿业高额利润吸引,近10余年全球掀起了养鹿热,我国梅花鹿和马鹿总数增长一倍以上,已达50万至60万头。与此同时,新西兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、北     

入世后中国养鹿业可持续发展的思路

在综合分析国内外养鹿业发展状况的基础上 ,针对中国养鹿业存在的问题 ,提出了入世后中国养鹿业可持续发展的思路     

近年我国养鹿业发展动态

从鹿业的市场行情、鹿业生产技术及生产用品的开发状况、鹿产品的开发利用现状和鹿业的发展趋势 4个方面概述了近 3年来我国鹿业的变化动态 ,着重论述了鹿茸的行情变化 ,销路走势 ,鹿只销售价格的变化以及形成的原因等。     

梅花鹿能量代谢与能量需要研究进展

梅花鹿人工养殖在我国已有２００多年的历史。通过对近几年来我国梅花鹿能量代谢与能量需要方面研究的回顾,总结了成年公鹿绝食代谢产热量、维持能量需要量、生茸期能量代谢规律、不同生理时期饲粮中适宜能量浓度以及能量需要量等研究结果。     

圈养优良梅花鹿经济效益的分析

依据饲养成本、产品价格和有关生产技术参数 ,对优良梅花鹿的仔鹿保底价、自繁仔自留和自繁仔外销、外购仔外销、自繁茸外销和外购茸外销 5种生产类型优良梅花鹿的回本期及其创净利进行了统计与讨论 ,其结果可为指导养殖企业生产提供参考     

Another challenge for the profession

Extract

The veterinary profession is being offered an unique opportunity to extend its activities to encompass a new concept of animal production; the farming of deer. New Zealand is pioneering techniques of deer farming on a large scale and is considered to possess the most advanced deer farming operation in the western world. The farming of deer was established after the enactment of the Deer Farming Regulations 1969.     

我国茸鹿杂交试验研究工作的成就及思考

我国养鹿业近４０年开展了１２种茸鹿的种间和亚种间的８种杂交（系）、２８种组合方式的试验。选育出高产、优质、低耗的茸鹿新品种（系）,对开辟茸鹿杂交育种研究的新领域具有重大的现实意义。     

Animal welfare-conforming fallow deer farming in Germany--a review

Fallow deer farming for venison production on pasture and fallow land has gained importance in Germany during recent years. As fallow deer farming constitutes a relatively young farming practice, many questions concerning a welfare-conforming and ecologically sound keeping of fallow deer are still open. Based on the recommendations on the keeping of fallow deer in enclosures for the purpose of venison meat production including by-products from 2 November 1979, a critical comparative review considering the current knowledge from research and practical deer farming experience was conducted. Recommendations on measures for breeding management and administration (statistics on farms and stocks, security and control of enclosures, training and experience of stockperson, practical skills for immobilisation and killing) are proposed. The cultivation goals for the care of landscape by fallow deer farming in protected areas need to be defined precisely. Due to infection risk, mixed herds with domesticated ruminants are not recommended. Potential progress can be foreseen in preventive health measures (control of endoparasites) and by appropriate feeding and water supply, considering feeding and drinking place design, feeding behaviour and water needs. The knowledge on handling and immobilisation methods should also be applied to small herd sizes. More research is needed on transportation of fallow deer.     

中国茸鹿育种的成就与展望

中国养鹿业历史悠久。中华人民共和国成立 40多年来 ,逐步建立起一支宏大的茸鹿种质资源保护和利用、茸鹿育种及推广的专业队伍 ,培育出双阳梅花鹿、西丰梅花鹿新品种和长白山梅花鹿、天山马鹿清原品系 ,使梅花鹿成品茸平均单产由选育前 0 .50～ 0 .74kg提高到1 .2 3～ 1 .30 kg,马鹿鲜茸平均单产由选育前的 2 .70 kg提高到 7.1 5kg,推广优良种鹿 1 80 0 0余头 ;“高产马鹿选育”和“塔里木马鹿品种选育”等方面的研究也取得了突破性的进展     

Tuberculosis in deer: perceptions, problems and progress

Since the emergence of deer farming as an alternative farming enterprise over the past 30 years, there has been an increasing awareness of the potential threat posed by tuberculosis (TB) to domesticated deer. TB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has been found in deer in every country involved with deer farming. Different types of TB control policies, which vary from whole-herd depopulation to selective testing and slaughter of reactor animals, have been implemented. Extensive research has been carried out, incorporating modern microbiological and immunological concepts and advanced molecular methodologies, to find new solutions for the eradication of TB from domesticated deer. This work has resulted in valuable new insights into the aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and heritability of resistance to M. bovis infection in ruminants. This knowledge has complemented the existing literature database on bovine and human TB and will provide new strategies for improved diagnosis, vaccination and selective breeding to control TB, which should be relevant for human, domestic livestock and wildlife populations.