厌氧—接触氧化工艺处理VB12、淀粉混合废水的研究

本文叙述了采用厌氧—接触氧化工艺处理维生素B12 、淀粉混合废水的中试研究情况。试验结果表明 :采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器 ,在 35℃± 1℃的条件下 ,当进水COD为 1 31 31mg·L- 1时 ,COD去除率可达到 95 9% ,容积负荷为 1 3 2 7kgCOD·m- 3d- 1;厌氧出水经接触氧化反应器处理后COD值可低于 30 0mg·L- 1,COD去除率为 49 9% ;整体工艺COD去除率可达到 97 7%。     

EGSB厌氧系统处理瓜尔豆胶生产废水的研究

用EGSB厌氧反应器处理了食品工业中用量最大的添加剂之一——瓜尔豆胶的生产废水。结果显示:本研究所用的EGSB厌氧系统处理瓜尔豆胶生产废水,在容积COD负荷达18kgCOD.m-3d-1(进水COD浓度为30000mg.L-1)时,去除率可稳定在80%以上;出水的pH稳定在7.5左右;容积产气率随容积负荷的提高而逐渐升高,COD负荷达到18kg.m-3d-1时,平均沼气产量为22L.0.5d-1,每公斤COD平均可产生0.54m3沼气;沼气中的甲烷含量最高可达到82%。     

分散式无动力生活污水处理装置处理效果分析

分散式无动力生活污水处理系统是我国农村生活污水处理的一个重要的组成部分,笔者在四川省乐至县选取了两种不同的无动力生活污水处理设施,对其处理效果进行了检测,检测数据表明:1)无动力生活污水净化装置对COD和SS去除明显,平均去除率可达到60%以上,出水COD多在100 mg·L~(-1)以下,SS在40 mg·L~(-1)以下;2)单独的生活污水净化池对于氨氮和磷的去除率都在10%以下,有时出水氨氮和磷会略高于进水;3)生活污水净化池+人工湿地的处理系统对于氨氮和磷的去除率较单独的生活污水净化池略有提高,5~6月份的去除率高于1~2月份去除率。     

高氨氮厌氧消化液后处理技术研究

采用SBR-絮凝沉淀-Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附组合工艺对高氨氮厌氧消化液的后处理进行实验研究.结果表明,当进水COD浓度为4516 mg·L^-1时,SBR出水COD可降为1752 mg·L^-1,去除率达到61.2%;絮凝沉淀出水COD浓度为1189 mg·L^-1,去除率为32.1%;Fenton氧化和活性炭吸附出水COD浓度分别为452和216 mg·L^-1,去除率分别为61.7%和52.7%.当进水NH3-N浓度2162 mg·L^-1时,SBR出水NH3-N浓度降至13.8 mg·L^-1,去除率为99.4%,NH3-N主要在该段去除.整个组合工艺对COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到95.2%和99.9%,达到了很好的有机物和氨氮去除效果,在技术上是可行的.     

高浓度甲醇废水的两段厌氧消化

采用两段厌氧消化工艺对高浓度甲醇废水进行处理可提高系统的处理效果 ,增强系统运行稳定性和抗冲击负荷能力 ,减少甲醇直接生成乙酸所造成的系统酸化的危险。生产性试验表明 ,一体化两段厌氧反应器正常运行时 ,其容积负荷高达 2 1.3kgCOD·m-3 d-1以上 ,去除COD的产气率达到 0 .4 5m3 ·kgCOD-1以上。在进水负荷剧烈波动的情况下 ,COD去除率维持在 95 %左右 ,出水COD一般在 2 0 0～ 5 0 0mg·L-1之间。     

鸡粪水厌氧处理实验研究

本文报道的实验利用两级厌氧处理技术,为中小型养鸡场的鸡粪水处理提出了一种处理工艺与新的装置.实验在HRT 3.01 d,有机负荷7.85 kgCOD·m-3d-1的条件下,COD去除率达到了75.77%,COD产气率0.381m3·kgCOD-1d-1,出水卫生指标符合国标要求.     

折流式水解反应器处理印染前道废水进水pH的影响

印染前处理阶段的前道水在印染废水中占有相当的比重,且难降解.运用折流式反应器(HRT=12 h)对其进行了水解预处理研究,考察了在不同的进水pH时,反应器内各格室的COD值及其去除率随进水pH值的变化规律以及反应器出水BODs/CODcr的变化.试验结果表明,进水pH值适宜范围为7.6～8.8,COD去除率在29%～40%之间,出水BODs/CODcr由进水的0.35左右提高到0.45左右,为印染废水的达标排放处理的水解pH条件提供参考.     

ABR工艺处理生活污水研究

本文对折流挡板厌氧反应器处理生活污水进行了研究。反应器沿流向分为三格,实验温度为25℃,水力停留时间12小时,pH在7~7.6。实验结果表明:COD的去除率可维持在70%左右,产气主要含有甲烷、二氧化碳和氢气,每格最大产甲烷活性依次为211 mLCH4.gVSS-1d-1,314 mLCH4.gVSS-1d-1,319 mLCH4.gVSS-1d-1;出水产物为乙酸和丙酸;每格优势菌种依次为杆菌、球菌、甲烷丝状菌和甲烷八叠球菌。填料挂膜量(湿重)沿着流向逐渐降低,平均为4.27 g.cm-3。     

两种不同布水方式对生物砂滤池去除厌氧消化液氨氮的影响

在实验室条件下,采用试验生物砂滤柱模拟生物砂滤池系统,研究了雾化和滴渗布水方式对生物砂滤池去除猪场厌氧消化液氨氮的影响,结果表明:在进水水力负荷为0.057 m3.m-2d-1,氨氮平均浓度分别为293 mg.L-1,513 mg.L-1,553 mg.L-1时,雾化布水生物砂滤池对氨氮的平均去除率分别为98.8%,87.4%,75.1%,出水氨氮平均浓度分别为3.61 mg.L-1,64.7 mg.L-1,138 mg.L-1,平均去除负荷分别为16.4 g.m-2d-1,25.4g.m-2d-1,23.5 g.m-2d-1;滴渗布水生物砂滤池对氨氮的平均去除率分别为77.4%,71.4%,59.3%,出水氨氮平均浓度分别为66.3 mg.L-1,147 mg.L-1,225 mg.L-1,平均去除负荷分别为12.9 g.m-2d-1,20.7 g.m-2d-1,18.6 g.m-2d-1;雾化布水可以提高生物砂滤池氨氮的去除率、去除负荷,降低出水氨氮浓度;滴渗布水在进水氨氮平均浓度293 mg.L-1,雾化布水进水氨氮平均浓度293 mg.L-1,513 mg.L-1的条件下,出水氨氮平均浓度可达到《畜禽...     

低浓度Fe3+和Cu2+对厌氧颗粒污泥性能的影响

在中温(35℃±1℃)厌氧条件下,以葡萄糖为有机碳源,采用间歇实验方法,研究了不同Fe3 ,Cu2 浓度对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性及COD去除率的影响。结果表明,当Fe3 浓度为1 mg.L-1~25 mg.L-1时,其比产甲烷活性(SMA)在162.1~254.4 mL.g-1d-1之间,COD去除率最高可达92%,Fe3 起促进作用的最佳浓度为22 mg.L-1。当Cu2 浓度为1~25 mg.L-1时,其SMA在153.6~266.4 mL.g-1d-1之间,COD去除率最高可达92.8%。Cu2 起促进作用的最大浓度为20 mg.L-1,其中最佳促进浓度为10 mg.L-1。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.