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不同沟灌方式下夏玉米棵间蒸发试验 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用常规沟灌和交替隔沟灌技术,研究了不同水分处理(水分控制下限为田间持水率的80%、70%、60%)夏玉米的棵间蒸发。结果表明:常规沟灌的灌后蒸发和全生育期棵间蒸发量均大于交替隔沟灌,灌水后短期内由于表层土壤含水率较高,土壤蒸发较大;在满足作物蒸腾耗水的基础上,交替隔沟灌减小了灌溉湿润面积而减小无效蒸发耗水;不同沟灌方式下土壤蒸发与表层土壤含水率呈明显的脉冲波动变化,而深层土壤含水率波动较弱;表层土壤含水率和叶面积指数对棵间蒸发影响明显,二者与相对土面蒸发强度均有良好的指数函数关系。水分下限控制合适,交替隔沟灌棵间蒸发与蒸腾耗水明显降低,是夏玉米适宜的灌水方式。 相似文献
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交替隔沟灌条件下夏玉米棵间蒸发研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用微型蒸发器观测了交替隔沟灌和常规沟灌条件下夏玉米的棵间蒸发量,分析了棵间蒸发、降雨量和参照腾发量的变化趋势以及不同土壤水分处理下隔沟灌和常规沟灌夏玉米棵间蒸发的日变化规律;探讨了相对蒸发强度与叶面积指数之间的关系,并拟合了棵间蒸发与叶面积指数之间的回归方程;最后指明了在充分供水条件下,相对蒸发强度与表层土壤含水量有极其敏感的关系.试验结果表明,交替隔沟灌条件下的棵间蒸发量小于相同水分处理的常规沟灌的棵间蒸发量,随着土壤水分下限值的增加,交替隔沟灌和常规沟灌间棵间蒸发量的差值越来越小;相对蒸发强度随着叶面积指数的增加而下降,随着表层土壤含水量的增加而增加. 相似文献
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不同控光条件对春玉米耗水规律的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
《灌溉排水学报》2018,(12)
【目的】探究不同光照强度对春玉米耗水的影响。【方法】以自然光的强度为对照(LCK),在遮光度分别为38%(L38)、55%(L55)、77%(L77)条件下进行了大田试验,测定了不同控光条件下春玉米全生育期土壤水分分布特征、棵间蒸发、叶面积指数与耗水量的变化规律。【结果】控光条件下春玉米0~40 cm土壤水分分布受影响较大,随着控光程度的增加,土壤水分增加,全生育期,L77、L55、L38处理0~40 cm土层土壤含水率较LCK分别提高7.93%、5.54%、4.95%;春玉米日棵间蒸发强度随生长历时呈变小的趋势,全生育期L38、L55、L77处理平均日棵间蒸发强度较LCK处理分别减小9.17%、19.62%、29.34%;全生育期,春玉米耗水量在345.1~386.7 mm之间,随着光照强度减小,春玉米耗水量减小,L38、L55、L77比LCK减少3.3%、9.3%、10.8%;不同生育阶段春玉米耗水量不同,拔节期与乳熟期为主要耗水阶段,共占总耗水量的59.8%以上。【结论】控光条件有效减少了土壤水分消耗,降低春玉米棵间蒸发量,从而减少春玉米耗水。 相似文献
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小麦/玉米套作及其相应单作群体棵间土壤蒸发规律 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过大田实验,对比分析河套灌区小麦/玉米套作与单作小麦、单作玉米棵间土壤蒸发的差异及其规律。结果表明,单作小麦、小麦/玉米套作和单作玉米的棵间土壤蒸发量占总耗水量的比例分别为28.8%、38.6%和29.9%;套作群体全生育期的棵间土壤蒸发量显著高于单作,且日均棵间土壤蒸发量为1.06 mm/d,高于单作小麦0.85 mm/d和单作玉米0.90 mm/d。不同生育期棵间土壤蒸发的日变化规律基本一致,峰值出现在中午12:00~14:00之间,不同种植模式下棵间蒸发占蒸散发的比例与叶面积指数均呈良好的指数关系,同时棵间土壤蒸发与表层土壤含水率均呈脉冲波动变化,且灌溉后波动幅度增大。 相似文献
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垄植沟灌夏玉米棵间蒸发试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探明沟灌夏玉米农田棵间蒸发规律,采用自制不同直径的棵间蒸发皿在夏玉米全生育期内分别于每天早上8点加以观测,对不同水分下限条件下沟灌夏玉米大田总蒸发量及垄面、沟面蒸发量进行了试验研究.结果表明沟灌夏玉米棵间蒸发量随着土壤水分下限降低呈减少的趋势,在全生育期内棵间蒸发在拔节前占很大比例,苗期和拔节期农田棵间蒸发量各占蒸腾量的90%和40%左右;拟合不同水分处理沟面和垄面蒸发的线性方程,相关系数在0.8以上;最后对比苗期和抽雄后期垄沟蒸发过程,两者都随着时间推移呈减小的趋势.垄面蒸发和沟面蒸发的比例约为20∶13,这为以后沟灌夏玉米农田土壤水分循环模拟提供了数据参考,在沟灌夏玉米农田蒸发中,应在拔节期前控制棵间蒸发量达到节水的目的. 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献