母猪不发情的综合疗法

防治母猪不发情对于提高母猪的利用率和猪场的经济效益具有重要意义.生产中可以采取如下措施: 1 合理饲养 合理饲喂,保证母猪有良好体况,营养水平要达到饲养标准要求.对于过瘦的不发情母猪,应在保证能量、蛋白质、矿物质和维生素满足营养需要的前提下,加大饲喂量以催情;对于过肥而不发情的母猪,应降低能量水平或限饲,促使其多运动,使其掉膘,然后再催情;对体况不太差的母猪,应补充VA、VE、亚硒酸钠或氧化锌等.     

日粮不同能量和蛋白水平对多浪羊繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验于2009年3月至2010年3月在喀什地区麦盖提县多浪羊繁育基地进行,研究日粮不同能量和蛋白水平对多浪羊繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响。90只母羊分为第Ⅰ组、第Ⅱ组和第Ⅲ组共3个组进行试验,3组均饲喂不同能量和蛋白水平的日粮,分别计算春季和秋季3个组的繁殖性能指标值,并检测血清中TP、ALB、GLB、ALP、BUN、GLU、TG和LDH的含量。结果发现,提高日粮能量水平对多浪羊春季发情率的提高有明显效果,但日粮高能量水平对受胎率和双羔率的提高均无效果;高蛋白水平日粮对多浪羊春季与秋季的发情率、受胎率和双羔率的提高没有明显效果;多浪羊春季血清中BUN含量高于秋季,秋季血清中ALP含量高于春季。从血液生化指标分析可以看出,秋季的繁殖性能比春季好。     

补饲硒和维生素E对高温季节山羊精液品质、抗氧化酶活性及热休克蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究在海南夏季高温饲养条件下,山羊补饲硒和维生素E对其精液品质、抗氧化酶活性及热休克蛋白表达的影响。选用16只健康状况良好、体重相近的海南黑山羊成年公羊,随机分成4组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5mg/kg Se(Se组)、基础日粮+100mg/kg VE(VE组)和基础日粮+0.5mg/kg Se+100mg/kg VE(Se+VE组),试验期93 d。试验期结束前1周采集精液,评价精液品质、测定精浆抗氧化酶活性和精液热休克蛋白表达。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲Se和VE对海南黑山羊射精量影响差异不显著(P>0.05);补饲Se和VE能显著提高海南黑山羊的精子密度和精子活力(P<0.05),极显著降低精子畸形率(P<0.01);极显著增加精浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P<0.01),显著增加超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛浓度(P<0.05);补饲Se和VE还极显著降低了精液HSP70和HSP90mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01),但各补饲组之间对精液品质改善效果和热休克蛋白表达丰度的影响存在一定差异。综上所述,补饲Se和VE有助于提高热带地区夏季高温季节山羊精子密度、精子活力,降低畸形率,同时还能增强精浆中抗氧化酶的活性,改善精液品质,进而起到缓解环境热应激的效果。     

不同处理对多浪羊生殖激素及繁殖性能的影响

为研究不同营养水平的日粮和外源激素对多浪羊繁殖性能及血液生殖激素指标的影响,将78只多浪羊母羊按年龄、体重、胎次和断奶时间相近的原则随机分成3组:对照组为自然发情组;试验Ⅰ组为营养调控组;试验Ⅱ组为外源激素处理组。于试验开始第20天、配种后第10天,分别从各组随机抽取10只母羊空腹采血,测定6项血清生殖激素指标的含量。结果表明:使用外源激素PRID+PMSG+HCG后,FSH、LH、P4的水平均有升高,不但提高了母羊的发情率和产羔率,而且还达到产三羔的效果;日粮高能和添加维生素、矿物元素,可提高血清FSH、LH、P4的水平,从而使受胎率、产羔率、双羔率都有明显提高。     

硒碘缺乏与山羊不孕及流产关系

经对宁夏中卫沙毛山羊选场和大武口山羊瘤胃内容中能量、蛋质和硒、碘、铜、钙、磷、钻、锌、猛、钼、铁、氟等元素和血液硒、铜、碘的测定、证明中卫沙毛山羊选育场的山羊存在硒、碘缺乏症，大武口地区的山羊存在碘、铜缺乏症。通过对母羊补充硒，碘，提高了母羊的发情率，受胎率，降低了流产率，证明硒、碘缺乏会造成山羊不孕和流产。     

不同营养水平对内蒙古绒山羊生产性能的影响

本试验选用120只2.5岁健康的内蒙古绒山羊母羊,根据体重、上年度产绒量和产羔率分为4组,每组30个重复,研究在自然放牧、放牧加补饲(混合精料100、200、300 g)条件下,不同营养水平对绒山羊生产性能的影响。结果表明:在自然放牧、放牧加补饲条件下,绒山羊的发情率、受胎率和双羔初生重均无显著(P>0.05)变化;每天每只羊补饲200 g混合精料组,产羔率显著(P<0.05)提高,但羔羊初生重下降(P<0.05);不同营养水平的补饲对绒山羊的绒产量、绒长度和细度无显著(P>0.05)变化。     

奶牛日粮中微量营养复合添加剂对夏季奶牛产奶性能的影响

1材料与方法1.1复合添加剂的组成每千克维生素预混料中含VA1000万Iu、VD200万Iu、VE50g;每千克微量元素添加剂含铜12500mg、铁25000mg、锌2000mg、锰2000mg,钴200mg。按每千克含维生素预混料100g、微量     

补饲和注射“羊衣原体流产灭活苗”对山羊流产的影响

山羊的流产严重威胁着山羊业的发展,据调查,园流产环县每年少繁殖成活羔羊2—5万只。为探讨山羊流产的主要原因,我们于1983年冬开始进行本项试验。一、试验方法1.定点、定户、定羊群,自然放牧,并从中确定试验羊和对照羊。2.试验羊分补饲组、注射羊衣原体苗组(简称注射组)、补饲+注射羊衣原体苗组(简称补饲+注射组)。补饲组每只羊每天傍晚归圈时喂0.1公斤精     

冷季饲养模式和藏羊经济效益的关联性

文章旨在研究冷季饲养模式对藏羊经济效益的影响,明确两者关联性。试验选取100只体重相近的藏羊为研究对象,基于体重情况平分为4组,第1组采用全期自然放牧模式;第2组在自然放牧基础上给每只羊每天投喂0.1 kg精料补充料;第3组采用全舍饲条件饲养模式,每天给每只羊投喂燕麦青贮2 kg、草颗粒0.5 kg;第4组在全舍饲条件下,每天给每只羊投喂玉米秸秆青贮1.5 kg、精料0.5 kg。对4组藏羊体重及体尺进行测定,并对4种模式下经济效益进行统计、比较。结果表明:从经济效益来看,传统放牧养殖模式最低,舍饲条件下给予藏羊精料补饲模式效益最高。综上所述,冷季饲养模式会给藏羊经济效益带来直接影响,其中舍饲条件下给予藏羊精料补饲模式能有效提升藏羊冷季饲养经济效益。     

日粮添加硒与维生素E对羔羊精液品质及抗氧化酶活性的影响

试验研究了日粮添加硒与维生素E对公羔羊精液品质及抗氧化酶活性的影响。羔羊以3×2+1因子的处理方式被随机分成7个处理组。其中硒3个水平(0.2、0.3、0.4 mg/kg),维生素E 2个水平(100 IU/kg和200 IU/kg)。研究结果表明,补饲Se和VE均能显著降低精子畸形率(P0.05),显著地增加精浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.05);G3组、G4组、G5组、G6组GSH-Px活性及T-AOC显著高于G1及G2组(P0.05)。对照组公羊精浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著低于各补饲组(P0.05)。通过硒和VE的添加,精浆抗氧化酶系活性增强,公羊的精液品质得到改善。日粮中适宜添加量硒为0.3 mg/kg,VE为100 IU/kg。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.