盐度对九孔鲍摄食_生长及存活的影响

九孔鲍摄食人工饲料的盐度范围为２０￣３８,其中较适宜的盐度范围为２５￣３５,在此盐度范围内,小规格鲍（平均壳长１．３０ｃｍ,平均体重０．３７ｇ）的壳长日增长为９１．５￣１０２．３μｍ,日增重为８．６０￣１２．５５ｍｇ;大规格鲍（平均壳长２．７ｃｍ,平均体重２．３ｇ）的壳长日增长为５６．３０￣８１．８０μｍ,日增重为１２．６８￣２２．４８ｍｇ,其最适生长的盐度为３０￣３５,存活率为９７％￣１００％。     

The feedback regulation of carbohydrates intake on food intake and appetite in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Improving carbohydrate utilization can contribute to sustainability of aquaculture. In order to explore the feedback mechanism of glucose homeostasis in fish, one...     

Effects of immersion salinity on the food properties of shucked oysters

The effects of immersion salinity on the food properties [water content, salinity, and free amino acid (FAA) content] of shucked oysters were analyzed. Results of a laboratory immersion experiment suggested that the molluscous parts (other than the adductor muscle) swelled in lower salinity and shrank in higher salinity. Higher FAA content was observed in oysters immersed in higher-salinity water. In the adductor muscle, water content increased and FAA content decreased markedly following immersion, regardless of salinity, probably because of intake of immersion fluid and leakage of FAAs across the cut end of the adductor muscle. Immersion salinity ranged from 0.17 to 1.54 % in shucked oyster products on the retail market. Tissue salinity was strongly correlated with immersion salinity (r = 0.904), and tissue water content was correlated negatively with immersion salinity (r = ?0.668). In addition, total FAA and taurine content of oysters were correlated with immersion salinity (r = 0.629 and 0.865, respectively). These results clearly indicate that immersion salinity is an important factor affecting the food components of shucked oysters.     

盐度对杂交东方鲀存活和摄食的影响

采用盐度骤变和渐变的方法,研究了盐度0、5‰、10‰、15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰、40‰、45‰、50‰、55‰、60‰共13个梯度对菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代存活和摄食的影响。研究表明,盐度从30‰骤变到15‰～50‰时,杂交F1存活率最高,显著高于盐度0、5‰、10‰、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率(P<0.05),其中盐度10‰的梯度中杂交F1代存活率约为33.3%,而盐度0、5‰、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率均低于1%;盐度5‰～50‰为杂交F1可摄食盐度,其中20‰～35‰是最佳摄食盐度。盐度渐变时,盐度5‰～50‰梯度中杂交F1代存活率最高,显著高于盐度0、55‰和60‰梯度的存活率(P<0.05),其中盐度0的梯度中杂交F1代存活率最低,约为12%;盐度0～60‰为杂交F1可摄食盐度,其中盐度20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰和40‰时,杂交F1摄食率无显著差异,在盐度30‰时摄食量和摄食率均达到最大。表明,菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代是广盐性鱼类,对盐度适应能力较强,而且适应盐度渐变的能力强于盐度骤变。     

盐度变化对斜带石斑鱼生理生化因子的影响

采用生化分析方法研究了盐度变化(24、14、4及对照34)对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼(体重19.59?0.25g)相关生理生化因子的影响,在盐度处理后1 d、3 d、6 d和9 d取样并检测鳃丝Na /K -ATP酶、血清中血糖、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、溶菌酶,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量及H.E染色观察鳃丝氯细胞的变化。结果显示：各盐度试验组斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的Na /K -ATP酶活性变化基本一致,均在第3 d达到最高值,随后下降,至第6 d达到稳定。鳃丝氯细胞数量在盐度24试验组中变化不大,在盐度14试验组中则略有减少,在盐度4试验组中鳃丝氯细胞6 d后出现变化,氯细胞数量减少,胞核较大,H.E染色较深,细胞处于较原始的状态。各盐度试验组斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的血糖水平变化趋势相一致,均在第6 d到达峰值,随后呈下降趋势。AST水平在盐度24、盐度4试验组随时间的延长呈上升趋势,在第9 d后到达各自的最高值,盐度14试验组则呈现持续下降趋势。SOD活性随时间的延长呈现先降低后上升的趋势,在第3 d时各试验组达最小值,但试验组间SOD活性差异显著 (P＜0.05)。溶菌酶活性随时间的延长呈上升趋势,试验组在第6 d达到的峰值,随后下降并趋于稳定,试验组间差异显著(P＜0.05)。结果表明,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼通过盐度驯养,由盐度34水体逐渐淡化至盐度为24、14、4的水体中,能较快适应盐度低至4的水环境。本研究为低盐度地区淡化养殖石斑鱼提供依据。     

神经肽Y系统在硬骨鱼类摄食调控中的作用的研究进展

对硬骨鱼摄食调节机制的研究可以为鱼类养殖中优化饲料配方和养殖方式提供重要的科学指导。在众多参与摄食调节的内分泌因子中,神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)家族多肽由于同时参与脑和胃肠道对食欲的调节,备受研究者关注。哺乳动物中存在3种类型的NPY家族多肽,其中NPY是脑中的促摄食因子,而肽YY(peptide YY,PYY)和胰多肽(pancreatic polypeptide,PP)是胃肠道中的抑摄食因子。这3种多肽与其共同的受体——NPY家族受体结合发挥其生理作用。NPY家族多肽和受体被共同称为NPY系统。硬骨鱼经历了第3次基因组复制,其NPY系统的组成更为复杂。目前对于硬骨鱼NPY系统在摄食调节中具体作用的研究还很不完善,尤其是对NPY家族受体的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文论述了硬骨鱼中NPY系统的组成、受体与配体的结合能力以及NPY家族多肽和受体在摄食调节中的作用,以期为该领域未来的研究提供参考。     

An hypothesis on the control of food intake in fish

An hypothesis on the control of voluntary food intake (appetite) in fish is presented. According to the hypothesis, only two parameters are necessary to design a feeding regime which might result in maximum growth of fish in an aquaculture system. The necessary parameters are maximum voluntary food intake in one meal, and evacuation rate of the stomach. This hypothesis is discussed in relation to empirical data.     

泥东风螺(Babylonia lutosa)幼螺对不同饵料、盐度和酸碱度的适应性研究

本文以泥东风螺(Babylonia lutosa)幼螺为实验材料,设置几种不同饵料、盐度和酸碱度,对泥东风螺幼螺生长适应性进行探讨和研究,采用单因素方差分析方法进行数据分析.实验结果表明,最适宜泥东风螺幼螺生长的饵料为太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas),适宜幼螺生长的盐度范围在26 ～ 31之间,幼螺培育环境的酸碱度不应低于pH6.5或高于pH8.5.研究发现,在适宜生长的条件下进行培育,泥东风螺摄饵率相对较高,生长速度具有显著性差异(P＜0.01).本文的研究结果可以应用于泥东风螺规模化生态健康养殖,为泥东风螺养殖产业发展和创新提供理论依据.     

盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫因子的影响

研究了盐度对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫因子的影响。结果表明,盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫因子的影响是显著的。研究结果表明,盐度突变组(30～27、30～24、30～21、30～18和30～15)血细胞内O2-产量呈先升后降的趋势;酚氧化酶(PO)活力升高,盐度突变组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);盐度突变组SOD活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量逐渐降低,对照组显著高于盐度突变组(P<0.05)。     

盐度对鱼类的影响

综述了盐度对鱼类存活、生长、消化酶活性、血液生理指标、鳃ATPase活性、鳃丝泌氯细胞结构、激素和肌肉品质等的影响.总结盐度对鱼类生理影响的规律,可为今后鱼类健康养殖和耐盐品系开发提供科学依据.     

The effect of fasting and refeeding on mRNA expression of PepT1 and gastrointestinal hormones regulating digestion and food intake in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

In vertebrates, a significant part of ingested protein is absorbed as di- and tripeptides through a brush border membrane proton/oligopeptide transporter protein called PepT1. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of short-term food deprivation and refeeding in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) on gastrointestinal mRNA expression of PepT1 as well as on the satiety hormones cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and ghrelin (GHR) in order to elucidate a potential mechanism driving compensatory growth. Sixty adult zebrafish were stocked in a 40-L aquarium and fed daily a commercial flake diet to satiation for 10?days where the digestive tracts (DT) of sampled fish (n?=?5) were dissected out. Samplings were repeated following 1, 2 and 5?days of food deprivation and after 1, 2 and 5?days of refeeding. The RNA was extracted from all sampled DTs and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR for the mRNA expression of PepT1, rRNA 18S, CCK, GRP and GHR. PepT1 mRNA expression increased with successive refeedings reaching a level approximately 8 times higher than pre-fast levels. CCK, GRP and GHR mRNA levels also decreased during fasting, but increased only to pre-fasting levels with refeeding. Overall, the results suggest that PepT1 may be a contributing mechanism to compensatory growth that could influence CCK secretion and GRP and GHR activity.     

盐度对黄鳝摄食和饥饿失重的影响

盐度对黄鳝最大摄食率有极显著影响(P<0.01),盐度(NaC l)为6或者4 g/L时,黄鳝最大摄食率最大(P<0.01);盐度为4、8、10 g/L时,黄鳝最大摄食率相近,但显著高于盐度12、14 g/L组和对照组(P<0.05)。同时,盐度对黄鳝排粪量与摄食量之比没有影响(P>0.05)。试验鱼19.53~32.37g的初始体重的差异和不同盐度对黄鳝饥饿失重率都有极显著影响(P<0.01),将黄鳝初始体重调整为25.56g后,得到不同盐度下黄鳝饥饿失重率从高到低的顺序:6 g/L>8 g/L>4 g/L>2 g/L>0.8 g/L>1 g/L>0.4 g/L>对照组(P<0.01)。     

The effect of low salinity on phenoloxidase activity in the Sydney rock oyster,Saccostrea glomerata

This study tested the effects of low salinity on phenoloxidase activity in Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata). Phenoloxidase is a key component of the immune system in S. glomerata. Previously, we have shown that decreased phenoloxidase activity is associated with susceptibility to fatal QX disease. In the current study, laboratory-based experiments were used to identify factors that contribute to decreased phenoloxidase activity. We found that exposing oysters to water collected from a QX-prone oyster growing area after heavy rain significantly inhibited their phenoloxidase activities. Similar inhibition was evident when oysters were held in oceanic water with artificially lowered salinities. These results suggest that exposure to low salinity decreases phenoloxidase activity. Field trials that exploited a natural salinity gradient in the Georges River, Sydney, supported this conclusion. The phenoloxidase activities of oysters transplanted to up-river sites that had low salinities were significantly lower than those of oysters held at seaward sites with higher salinities. All of these data implicate low salinity as a key environmental stressor that is associated with inhibition of the S. glomerata immune system.     

Influence of water temperature on food intake,food efficiency and gross composition of juvenile sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax

The optimum ration in relation to water temperature has been determined for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were reared at 15 and 20°C. The spontaneous food intake was positively related to temperature. Four daily rations were tested at both temperatures. The optimum rations were 1.7% at 20°C and 1.2% at 15°C for fish weighing 20–30 g. The influence of temperature on growth rate, body composition and food conversion was studied. Increasing the temperature improved growth rate and gross conversion efficiency but not gross protein efficiency. The results are discussed in terms of energy utilization.     

饵料密度对卜氏晶囊轮虫种群数量变动和生产力的影响

饵料密度实验表明 ,在 2 8℃下 ,当草履虫密度分别为 10 0cell·mL-1(77mg·L-1)、2 0 0cell·mL-1(15 4mg·L-1)、30 0cell·mL-1(2 31mg·L-1)和 4 0 0cell·mL-1(30 8mg·L-1)时 ,卜氏晶囊轮虫在群体培养条件下的最大持续产量 (MSY)、水体容纳量、种群增长期的平均生产量和增长率均以饵料密度 30 0cell·mL-1组为最高 ,分别为 :6 .4ind·mL-1·d-1(35 5mg·L-1·d·-1)、13.7ind·mL-1(76 0 .6mg·L-1)、5 5 (mg·L-1·d·-1)和 1.4 4 96 (d-1)。实验结果还表明 ,在饵料密度 10 0～ 30 0cell·mL-1范围内 ,种群的最大持续产量 (MSY)、达到最大持续产量时的生物量 (CSC)和达到MSY及容纳量的时间均随饵料密度增加而提高或延长。但是 ,当饵料密度达到 4 0 0cell·mL-1时 ,上述指标反而降低或缩短。以草履虫为饵时晶囊轮虫的日粮为 14 6 %～ 70 7% ,饵料系数 19.8～91.7。     

The effect of salinity change on the burrowing behavior of an adult brackish water bivalve Corbicula japonica

Fisheries Science - The brackish water bivalve Corbicula japonica, a target species for seedling release in Japan, inhabits environments subject to drastic salinity changes. The burrowing behavior...     

Monitoring feeding behaviour and food intake: methods and applications

There are three main methods used in the study of feeding behaviour and food consumption in captive populations of fish. These are direct observation, the recording of feeding activity using‘on-demand’feeders, and the quantitative determination of gastrointestinal content using a non-invasive‘labelled feed’technique. Observational techniques have been widely used in studies of foraging behaviour and feeding responses, but these methods are usually confined to the study of fish held in small groups.‘Labelled feed’techniques are well suited to the monitoring of feed intake of individual fish held in large groups, but cannot be used for the continuous monitoring of feeding behaviour. They are, therefore, not particularly suitable for the collection of information about short-term changes in feeding rhythms, or possible diel changes in feeding activity. Studies of feeding activity may best be carried out using computer-operated‘on-demand’feeding systems, but the data collected using these systems give no information about individual feed consumption. Examples are presented showing how data collected using the three methods can be used to provide insights into how various abiotic and biotic factors influence fish feeding.     

鱼类摄食和生长的神经内分泌调控途径研究进展

鱼类的生长与哺乳类相似,受脑（各种神经内分泌因子）一脑垂体（由生长激素细胞分泌的生长激素）一肝脏（肝细胞产生的类胰岛素生长因子）轴的调控,生长激素（Ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｈｏｒ－ｍｏｎｅ,ＧＨ）和类胰岛素生长因子（Ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ－ｌｉｋｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＩＧＦ）与鱼类生长发育关系十分密切,并且对鱼类的生长起主要调节作用［１～３］。而 ＧＨ的释放受到脑,特别是下丘脑合成与分泌的生长激素释放因子（ＧＲＦ）和生长激素释放抑制因子（ＳＲＩＦ）的双重调控,通过外源药物加强鱼类自身ＧＨ（内源性的）的合成与…