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水直播稻田杂草综合治理关键性技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
白湖属沿江圩区,其水直播稻田杂草的发生与危害规律为:杂草共127种,隶属37科,90属,占全国稻田杂草总数的98.45%;发生量大且危害严重的恶性杂草有稗草等6种,造成稻谷减产达16%~62%;主要杂草群落分3种类型共10种,其中多元群落占57.14%,是优势的危害群落。综合治理的关键性技术主要包括:(1)化学防除配套技术,有土壤处理与苗期施药两项配套技术,以防除禾本科及阔叶杂草2种除草剂复配使用或使用多元复合型混配剂,充分发挥了化学除草的效果。(2)以精细耕整、诱发灭草、适度深耕等耕作技术,中断杂草正常进行的侵染循环。(3)实行水旱轮作,配合使用化学药剂,可以收到最佳的除草效果。(4)强化田间管理,实行保健栽培,可以有效地控制杂草危害,使水稻产量稳步增长,同时节约成本,生态效益明显。(5)将化学除草与农业除草技术配套,达到除草、增产、养地、节省费用的目的。 相似文献
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7.5%精恶唑禾草灵浓乳剂对麦田野燕麦具有良好的防除效果,使用剂量以750~900ml/hm2为宜,对水225kg,于小麦4~5叶期,野燕麦3~4叶期均匀喷施。防除野燕麦效果达85%以上,对小麦安全,灭草后增产20%以上。研究结果表明,7.5%精恶唑禾草灵浓乳剂是防除野燕麦高效、低毒安全的农药,可以推广使用。 相似文献
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为了使化学除草技术在农业生产中发挥应有的作用,现将春季麦田化学除草的方法及应注意的问题归纳为“六要”。
一是药剂类型要对路。麦田早春化学除草可选用的药剂有 75%杜邦巨星干燥悬浮剂、 20%二甲四氯水剂、 72% 2, 4- D丁酯乳油、 10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂和 6.9%骠马乳油等,决不能选用适用于阔叶作物或水田作物的除草剂。
二是防除对象要明确。根据防除对象合理选用除草剂种类。骠马可用来防除野燕麦和其他大多数单子叶杂草;杜邦巨星、二甲四氯、 2, 4- D丁酯、苯磺隆等用以防除双子叶阔叶类杂草,在麦田可有效地防除播娘篙、麦家公、繁缕、野油菜、田蓟、王不留行、猪殃殃等。春季麦田以阔叶杂草为主的应尽量选用杜邦巨星、苯磺隆;对于野燕麦及其他单子叶杂草和阔叶杂草混生的麦田,可在二甲四氯或杜邦巨星每亩用药液中加入 6.9%骠马乳油 60 ml,则两类杂草均可被防除。
三是施药时期要适宜。上述几种除草剂从小麦返青后到拔节初期都可使用,但 2, 4- D丁酯用药越早越安全,在沙薄地使用杜邦巨星、苯磺隆,最好在小麦返青后至起身前,以免对下茬作物产生不良影响。 相似文献
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蔡建中 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1990,(1)
野生稻是坦桑尼亚姆巴拉利农场(也是非洲)水稻生产中的一大威胁.本文指出,农业防除采用“全面烧草、多次诱发、合理轮作、重点耕翻、辅以人工拔除”,能控制或减轻野生稻发生的基数.化学防除,草甘膦(Roundup)对多年生野稻防效显著;防除一年生野稻,恶草灵(Rousta具有一定的选择性作用,诱杀结合免耕播种,芽前封闭是近年最佳的综合防除措施.运用水稻叶龄模式及其栽培原理,因种栽培、因苗管理,能有效地发挥水稻生产潜力. 相似文献
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在实验室接种的条件下,证实了小麦白粉菌能侵染大麦(品种:“天津1号”;“757”;“矮杆齐”)、鹅观草和燕麦。它在这些植物上所产生的分生孢子,再接种于小麦亦发生正常侵染。接种在大麦“早熟3号”上的菌,能产生出菌丝,但不产生分生孢子。接种在“秦岭黑麦”上的菌只能达到侵入阶段,并且多数的受侵表皮细胞发生明显的过敏性死亡。据试验结果认为,某些野生禾草有可能是小麦白粉病的初侵染来源。 相似文献
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为了开发恶性杂草野燕麦的生防真菌制剂,从刺儿菜患病植株根际经单孢分离获得一菌株HZ-31,并对其进行分离及致病性研究。结果表明,该菌株的适宜生长温度为20~30℃,喷雾接种病原菌的孢子量为1×108 mL-1时,接种后14d野燕麦地上部完全萎蔫,接种后保湿超过24h,可以明显提高该菌株的致病效果;在孢子悬浮液中添加φ=0.2%SDP可以明显提高致死效果,对小麦、蚕豆、豌豆安全,对青稞轻微致病,对油菜严重致病;形态学鉴定及ITS rDNA序列分析将其定为多孢木霉(Trichoderma polysporum)。综上,菌株HZ-31具有开发成为真菌除草剂的潜力。 相似文献
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In order to evaluate economic and ecological benefits, site-specific weed control was realised in a 4-year experiment on five fields with a GPS-guided sprayer. An average of 54% of the herbicides could be saved. Savings were strongly dependent on crop and year. For grass weed herbicides, the savings were 90% in winter cereals, 78% in maize, and 36% in sugar beet. For herbicides against broadleaf weeds, 60% were saved in winter cereals, 11% in maize, and 41% in sugar beet. The monetary savings resulting from the reduction in herbicide use varied between the crops, depending on the amount of herbicides saved and the price of the herbicides. In maize, savings of 42euro/ha were realised, in winter wheat of 32euro/ha, in winter barley of 27euro/ha and in sugar beet of 20euro/ha. Large sections of the fields needed herbicide treatment significantly less frequently. In those areas where weed density remained below the weed control threshold, flora and fauna were allowed to establish largely without disturbance. 相似文献
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Effect of Plant Density on Wild Oat Competition with Competitive and Non Competitive Wheat Cultivars
Wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) is one of the worst weeds in wheat fields.The effect of wheat density on wild oat competition with more or less competitive wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) was investigated at the Experimental Farm of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute,Karaj,Iran.The experiment was established as a factorial combination of wheat varieties Roshan as non-competitive and Niknejad as competitive; three wheat densities (recommended density,recommended+25%,and recommended+50%,corresponding respectively with 300,375,and 450 plants m-2 for Roshan and 400,500,and 600 plants m-2 for Niknejad) and four wild oat densities (0,25,50,and 75 plants m-2) were selected for this experiment.Hyperbolic equations were used to describe relationship between yield and weed density.Increase in wheat density reduced wild oat biomass.Maximum wild oat biomass was achieved at the highest density of the wild oat together with the lowest wheat density.The results showed that higher densities of wheat are able to suppress wild oat dry matter production.Inter-specific competition in Niknejad was 1.7 times more than that in Roshan.Maximum yields of Niknejad and Roshan in the presence of wild oat were obtained at recommended density+25% and recommended density,respectively.Increase in wheat density leads to a decrease in wheat yield due to an increase in intra-specific competition.Increase in wild oat density results in the reduction of wheat yield through decrease in fertile tiller per plant and spike m-2. 相似文献