膜分离法纯化浓缩猪伪狂犬病疫苗毒的效果

本研究使用不同孔径的陶瓷(有机)膜过滤器,对不合格的猪伪狂犬病毒细胞收获液(病毒含量≤104TCID50/mL)滤除杂蛋白、超滤浓缩、除菌处理得到纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病疫苗病毒液;然后对纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病疫苗病毒液分别进行杂蛋白去除率检验与无菌检验、病毒含量测定、安全检验、效力检验;将检验合格的纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病疫苗病毒液添加保护剂冻干,并对纯化浓缩的猪伪狂犬病冻干活疫苗进行以上各项检验,以及进行免疫猪体内抗体消长变化的检测。结果表明:纯化的猪伪狂犬病疫苗杂蛋白去除率平均达到68.3%以上,病毒含量≥105TCID50/mL,效力检验合格;免疫猪体内抗猪伪狂犬病毒抗体增长幅度比同时期未纯化的常规疫苗显著,其中免疫至84 d时中和抗体效价平均高达40.35稀释倍数左右,比常规疫苗中和抗体效价平均高出14.22稀释倍数。此项研究为畜禽疫苗的纯化提供一定的参考。     

膜分离法纯化浓缩猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活病毒的效果试验

将效力检验不合格的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)病毒灭活液采用不同孔径的微孔滤膜、超滤膜滤除杂蛋白、超滤浓缩、除菌处理得到纯化浓缩的PRRS灭活病毒液;将检验合格的纯化浓缩的病毒灭活液与注射用矿物白油佐剂制成油包水灭活疫苗;对制备的灭活疫苗进行各项检验及免疫效果试验。结果显示,纯化的PRRS灭活病毒液杂蛋白去除率平均达到66.8%以上;灭活疫苗的物理性状与无菌检验、安全检验、效力检验均合格,免疫猪体内抗PRRS病毒抗体消长幅度比同时期未纯化的常规灭活疫苗明显,其中免疫至63 d时中和抗体效价(ELISA)平均高达245.7稀释倍数,比常规疫苗中和抗体效价平均高出66.3稀释倍数。试验表明,灭活病毒进行膜纯化技术处理后,免疫效果显著高于传统的灭活疫苗。     

膜分离法纯化浓缩猪瘟疫苗的效果

为了研究膜分离法纯化、浓缩猪瘟疫苗的效果,试验使用不同孔径的陶瓷(有机)膜过滤器,对厂家提供的不合格(最小感染量≥1×10-4/mL)的猪瘟病毒细胞收获液依次进行滤除杂蛋白、超滤浓缩、除菌处理得到纯化、浓缩的猪瘟病毒液,然后对纯化、浓缩的猪瘟病毒液进行各项检验,向检验合格的纯化、浓缩的猪瘟病毒液中添加保护剂冻干、检验,...     

鸡新城疫-传染性法氏囊病-禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗的研究

为研制鸡新城疫(ND)-传染性法氏囊病(IBD)-禽流感(AI,H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗,用新城疫病毒(NDV)La Sota株及H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)WD株分别接种易感鸡胚培养,用传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)BJQ902株接种DF-1细胞培养,收获病毒液,经超滤浓缩、甲醛灭活后,加入油佐剂乳化制成3批疫苗。对3批制品进行了检验,其性状检验、装量检查、无菌检验、甲醛、汞类防腐剂残留量测定均符合要求,鸡对疫苗无任何不良反应。效力检验结果显示:ND部分以20μL/只剂量免疫,血凝抑制(HI)效价达5.6~6.1 log_2,攻毒后均能提供100%保护;IBD部分以0.5 mL/只剂量免疫,中和抗体效价达16.0~16.4 log_2,攻毒后均能提供100%保护;AI(H9亚型)部分以0.3 mL/只剂量免疫,HI效价达8.7~9.0 log_2,攻毒后均能提供100%保护。试验结果证实,研制的疫苗安全、免疫效力高。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗纯化浓缩效果的研究

为进一步研究浓缩纯化后的高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)疫苗的效果,本研究使用一组不同孔径的滤器,将HP-PRRSV培养液(107.5 TCID50/mL)过滤除去杂蛋白、超滤浓缩、除菌处理得到纯化浓缩的HP-PRRS疫苗,对其进行杂蛋白去除率检验、内毒素检验、无菌检验、病毒含量测定;并将检验合格的纯化浓缩及未纯化浓缩的HP-PRRS疫苗溶液分别添加保护剂冻干后制成冻干疫苗,将两种疫苗进行免疫对比.结果表明:经10倍纯化浓缩的HP-PRRS疫苗杂蛋白去除率在90％以上,病毒含量增加8.5倍,内毒素含量降低3倍;并且将纯化浓缩后疫苗样品免疫猪体后,PRRSV特异性抗体增长幅度比未纯化的疫苗显著,免疫过程中接种猪的副反应明显减小,该研究为兽用疫苗的浓缩纯化提供一定的参考.     

微载体培养ST细胞制备猪细小病毒灭活苗及其免疫原性分析

目的利用微载体规模化培养ST细胞制备猪细小病毒L株灭活疫苗,并检测其免疫原性。方法猪细小病毒L株接种微载体悬浮培养的猪睾丸传代细胞系(ST细胞)后,收获细胞培养液和细胞,经二乙烯亚胺(BEI)溶液灭活后浓缩,加矿物质油佐剂乳化,制备灭活疫苗,经肌肉注射疫苗,免疫后28天采血,测定血清中和抗体效价。结果。微载体规模化培养ST细胞制备猪细小病毒获得病毒毒价较高,经灭活浓缩后制备疫苗免疫豚鼠,获得了较高效价的中和抗体效价。结论利用微载体规模化培养ST细胞成功制备了具有较高免疫原性的猪细小病毒灭活疫苗,为后期灭活疫苗的开发奠定了基础。     

貂源伪狂犬病毒DL14/08株免疫原性及其保护效果的研究

为研制貂源伪狂犬病(PR)灭活疫苗,本实验室从疑似患PR的水貂脑组织中分离到一株PR病毒(PRV)DL14/08株(10~(7.10)TCID_(50)/m L),采用甲醛灭活以铝胶为佐剂制备了水貂源PR灭活疫苗。采用水貂和家兔对疫苗进行安全性检验和最小免疫剂量测定,结果显示水貂和家兔的最小免疫剂量均为5×10~(5.6)TCID_(50)/m L;采用研制的PR灭活疫苗和商品化猪用PR灭活疫苗免疫水貂,免疫21 d后平均中和抗体分别为1∶516和1∶348,用相当于100倍半数致死量毒力的分离株病毒攻毒,自制灭活疫苗组保护率为100%,商品化疫苗组保护率为80%。实验结果表明,制备的水貂源PR灭活疫苗抗体水平及攻毒后保护率明显高于商品化疫苗,能够有效保护强毒株对水貂的攻击,可以作为水貂伪PRV预防和控制的候选疫苗株。     

猪伪狂犬病活疫苗(Bartha-K61株,传代细胞源)最小免疫剂量的研究

为了确定猪伪狂犬病活疫苗(Bartha-K61株,传代细胞源)的最小免疫剂量,本研究将3批猪伪狂犬病活疫苗(Bartha-K61株,传代细胞源)分别稀释成10TCID_(50)/mL、102.0TCID_(50)/mL、103.0TCID_(50)/mL,每批疫苗各个稀释度分别免疫仔猪1.0 mL/头,并设攻毒对照组和阴性对照组。免后10 d连同攻毒对照组用伪狂犬病病毒GD1株进行攻毒保护试验,阴性对照组不攻毒。结果表明,10TCID_(50)/头和102.0TCID_(50)/头的免疫剂量在免疫后10 d依然无法提供完全的免疫保护,保护率为20%～80%(1/5～4/5);103.0TCID_(50)/头的免疫剂量能够保护仔猪抵抗PRV强毒的攻击,保护率为100%(5/5);攻毒对照组发病率为100%(5/5),死亡率为80%(4/5);阴性对照组全部健活。由此确定猪伪狂犬病活疫苗(Bartha-K61株,传代细胞源)最小免疫剂量为103.0TCID_(50)/头。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒体外抗体依赖增强作用的初步研究

为了研究高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)体外抗体依赖增强作用,试验对HP-PRRSV TJ-92株毒液(1×10~(6.0)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL)进行10倍倍比稀释,与等体积2倍倍比稀释的各稀释度HP-PRRSV TJ-92株特异性阳性血清(中和效价为1∶2~5)中和后,在Marc-145细胞上培养增殖72 h,测定收获毒液的病毒含量。结果表明:能使1×10~(0 )TCID_(50)～1×10~(6.0) TCID_(50 )HP-PRRSV毒液病毒含量增高最大的阳性血清稀释度依次为1∶2~9、1∶2~(10)、1∶2~9、1∶2~8、1∶2~9、1∶2~7、1∶2~8,经计算,HP-PRRSV毒液病毒含量最高可提升1×10~(4.5)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL。说明HP-PRRSV在体外表现出抗体依赖增强作用,且被中和HP-PRRSV含量越低时增强作用越明显。     

鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活疫苗生产工艺的研究

本研究对鸭坦布苏病毒灭活疫苗HB株生产工艺进行了筛选,通过不同接毒量和不同收获时间等相关试验,优化了规模化生产工艺,即鸭胚成纤维细胞按体积分数0.5%接种DTMUV HB株毒种,接毒后84h收获病毒液,收获毒液病毒含量达10~(7.1)TCID_(50)/0.1ml。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.