浅谈农村动物疫病防疫工作的重点

动物养殖是重要的农村产业,也是农民获得经济收入的来源.动物的健康养殖对发展农村畜牧业有重要的发展意义,但畜牧养殖的风险也较大,容易出现动物疫病,给农村畜牧与当地的居民都带来严重的危害,农村发展畜牧业的基础就是将动物疫病防疫工作做到位.为了更好发展农村畜牧业,本文对农村动物疫病防疫工作的重点进行简单分析.     

动物检疫是保障畜牧业健康发展的重要措施

畜牧产业要稳定健康发展,面临着市场和疫病两大风险。市场风险可使养殖场(户)收入增多或减少甚至亏本,疫病风险可造成养殖业毁灭性的打击。因而如何控制动物疫病,确保畜牧业健康稳定发展,是养殖者的重要职责。笔者根据多年畜牧工作经验,试探讨动物检疫工作是保障畜牧产业健康发展的重要措施。     

景泰县动物防疫工作的现状及建议

畜牧业是我县农村经济和农民增收致富的支柱产业,能否保障农民养殖增产增收,取决于动物防疫。动物防疫是在高动物抵御疫病风险,保障畜牧产业健康发展,促进农民稳定增收,实现畜产品质量安全,维护社会稳定具有重要作用。     

“一带一路”连云港现代畜牧业发展研究

为促进"一带一路"连云港现代畜牧业健康发展,认真分析了连云港畜牧业的发展的主要状况(生产总量稳步有升、产业化水平逐年提高、生产水平不断提高),"一带一路"新形势下,连云港畜牧业发展的优势(养殖规模发展壮大,畜牧兽医行政管理体系和畜产品监控体系不断完善,政策支撑体系、良种与技术推广体系推动作用显著),制约连云港畜牧产业发展的主要问题(市场抵御风险能力不强、动物疫病防控压力加大、环保和养殖用地压力日益加大以及金融服务跟不上等),提出了推进畜牧业结构调整,加快畜禽品种改良步伐,加快龙头企业发展,推进畜牧业产业化经营,健全畜产品质量安全保障体系,实施畜产品品牌发展战略,强化动物疫病防控体系建设,探索建立科技创新体系,加强与沿线国家和周边省、市的交流与合作,建立重大动物疫病"联防联控"机制以及加大畜禽粪污综合治理,加大政策、资金的扶持力度,推进畜牧业绿色生态发展等措施。     

搞好动物防疫工作的点滴心得

畜牧业的发展面临着市场和疫病两大风险。市场风险受市场经济规律影响较大，经市场杠杆调控，风险小，仅可导致不赚钱或少赚钱。而疫病风险大，轻造成养殖较大的经济损失，重则毁灭性打击养殖业，波及政治，影响社会；疫病风险可以通过加强技术、管理等手段来降低风险，做适当规避。目前我国动物疫病防疫机制还不健全，普遍存在“头痛医头、脚痛医脚”，“临时抱佛脚”等现象，针对存在的问题，如何建立动物防疫的长效机制，笔认为：首先应在明确新形势下国家防疫政策和策略的前提下，树立法制的防疫意识，制定科学的防疫措施，建立高效的防疫机制和管理机制，建立稳定的防疫资金保障机制，建立高素质的兽医队伍，全面提高动物保护水平和畜产品质量安全水平。     

养殖业保险为畜牧业保驾护航

畜牧业是农业中占的重要产业,在我镇畜牧业产值占农业总产值的42%,是我镇农民脱贫、致富、增收的重要途径。近几年随着畜牧业规模化、集约化的发展,养殖数量和养殖密度不断增加,动物疫病的发生也大大增加,养殖风险随之加大。为了增强养殖风险抵御能力,调动养殖户的生产积极性,降低养殖环节动物疫病带来的经济损失,国家及时的出台了养殖业保险政策,有效的规避了养殖风险,提高了养殖户的经济收入。     

新疆重大动物疫病常态化防控模式探讨

正近年来,新疆畜牧业快速发展、畜牧业生产经营方式转变,畜牧产业发展不仅面临市场风险、自然灾害风险,同时还要应对动物疫病风险等挑战。2016年,随着新疆"三权下放"体制改革的进行,乡镇与业务部门的工作衔接仍需要不断提升,客观上增加了局部疫情风险,动物疫病呈现复杂局面。而重大动物疫病的防控工作是确保畜牧产业发展"两大安全"的法宝之一,必须将动物疫病防控和动物卫生监督纳入公共卫生管理范畴,     

甘肃省拟建立政策性畜牧业保险制度

近日,甘肃省出台《关于促进畜牧业持续健康发展的意见》（以下简称《意见》）,提出建立政策性畜牧业保险制度。据介绍,甘肃省政策性畜牧业保险制度将遵循“政府引导、政策支持、市场运作、农民自愿”的原则,重点扶持规模养殖户和养殖小区,增强畜牧业抵御市场风险、疫病风险和自然灾害的能力,有效保障畜牧养殖安全。《意见》还要求保险监管部门做好组织协调和市场监管工作,扩大保险覆盖面,依法保护养殖者利益。     

重大动物疫病的常态化防控模式

正当前,随着国家畜牧业的快速发展,畜牧业在生产方式上逐渐发生了转变。畜牧产业在发展的过程中不单需要面对市场的风险、自然灾害风险以及动物疫病风险等多重挑战。在畜牧业体制不断改革的背景下,与乡村相关的动物疫病常态化防控部门之间的工作是需要不断加强配合的,在一定程度上增加了局部发生和传播疫情的风险的几率,动物疫病正在向越来越复杂的趋势呈现,严重影响了畜牧产业发展和公共卫生安全,同时也产生了一定程度的危害。因此,重大动物疫病的防控工作对于畜牧产业发展是非常必要的,必须要加大对动物疫病的防控工作高度重视。     

汉中市紧抓重大动物疫情防控工作

<正>控制重大动物疫情,保证动物的生命安全是畜牧业发展的保证。畜牧养殖有两大风险:一是动物疫病风险,二是市场风险。疫情风险可以让养殖户倾家荡产,血本无归。所以,控制重大动物疫情,保证动物的生命安全是畜牧业发展的保证。陕西省汉中市动物疾病预防控制中心担负着该市动物疫病防控、畜牧技术推广、动物防疫监     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.