苏云金芽孢杆菌肠毒素的研究进展

苏云金杆菌含有多种毒素,与人畜条件病原菌—蜡质芽孢杆菌有紧密的联系。研究表明用PCR等方法可检测到很多苏云金杆菌含有与蜡质芽孢杆菌类似的多种肠毒素基因,而且,商用肠毒素试剂盒也能检测到有些苏云金杆菌肠毒素的产生,基因核苷酸序列分析表明苏云金杆菌肠毒素基因同蜡质芽孢杆菌肠毒素基因有较高的相似性。该文对苏云金杆菌毒素的基因检测、基因序列分析、活性检测及其安全性方面进行了综述。     

核桃醌对黄芩种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨核桃和黄芩复合种植的可行性,本文通过室内盆栽试验的方法研究了核桃主要化感物质核桃醌溶液对黄芩种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明：核桃醌对黄芩种子的萌发主要表现出抑制作用,随着浓度的升高,抑制作用逐渐增强;对幼苗生长的影响则受到核桃醌浓度和黄芩幼苗密度双因素的影响,在高浓度或高密度下表现出较强的抑制作用,在低浓度高密度下则表现出一定程度的促进作用,但此促进作用主要针对地上部分生物量,对具有较高药用价值的根部则表现出强烈的抑制作用,因此本文认为核桃和黄芩并不适宜采用林药复合种植模式。     

生物抗蒸发保水菌肥对饲料桑生长和土壤水分状况的影响

为了增加土壤肥力,提高和保持土壤含水量从而提高作物产量,在山西省临汾市吉县国营红旗林场进行田间试验栽植饲料桑,对饲料桑施用新型有机肥料——生物抗蒸发保水菌肥,通过设置对照试验,探究生物抗蒸发保水菌肥的施用及用量对饲料桑生长和土壤水分状况的影响,得出试验最佳施肥量,并初步确定最大施肥量。结果显示：生物抗蒸发保水菌肥的施用可以明显提高土壤含水量,随着施肥量的增加,保水效果也会提高;合理的施用量会明显促进饲料桑植株的生长,每株施肥0.2 kg效果最佳,每株施肥量超过0.5 kg则已经抑制饲料桑的生长。本研究为该肥料的推广应用以及饲料桑的种植提供可行的理论依据。     

一株苏云金芽孢杆菌的分离与杀虫基因的鉴定

采用温度筛选从云南省刁苓山土壤中分离得到一株伴孢晶体为长菱形的苏云金芽孢杆菌BSH-1。利用PCR-RFLP鉴定体系和SDS-PAGE对菌株所含cry基因类型和晶体蛋白的构成进行鉴定、分析,结果表明:菌株BSH-1具有的cry基因组合为:cry1Aa,cry1Ac,cry1Db,cry2Ab,cry1Ia,表达的晶体蛋白有130,70和56 kDa 3种,该蛋白对甜菜夜蛾具有较高杀虫活性,LC50为1.43 ng/mg。该菌株的基因组合类型对构建杀虫基因工程菌具有重要参考价值。     

高渗胁迫后橡胶树萌发籽苗抗旱性主成分及隶属函数分析

摘要：利用NaCl、PEG6000、甘露醇模拟高渗胁迫条件,对RRIM600巴西橡胶树种子进行浸种处理7d,测定了不同浸种处理橡胶树萌发籽苗的多项生理指标,并应用主成分及隶属函数分析法对影响橡胶树苗期抗旱性的主要生理指标和不同浸种处理橡胶树萌发籽苗的抗旱性进行了分析评价。结果表明：与橡胶树苗期抗旱性关系最密切的生理指标有超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性糖（SS）、脯氨酸（PRO）、过氧化氢（H2O2）、超氧阴离子（O2-）;不同浸种处理橡胶树萌发籽苗抗旱性强弱依次为：甘露醇(10%)＞PEG6000(15%)＞NaCl(3%)＞甘露醇(15%)＞PEG6000 (25%)＞甘露醇(20%)＞NaCl(2%)＞NaCl(4%)＞PEG6000 (35%)＞甘露醇(20%)。     

含cry8型基因苏云金芽孢杆菌的分离和鉴定

为发掘对蛴螬有防治作用的苏云金芽孢杆菌及其cry基因,在河北省各县市共采集土壤样品254份,采用温度筛选法分离出Bt菌株42株,经PCR-RFLP方法鉴定,其中10株含有cry8型基因。这些菌株有如下特点：同一菌株含1种或多种质粒;PCR-RFLP鉴定证明有多种cry8基因存在,多数菌株中含2种cry8基因,如cry8E和cry8F常共存于同一菌株中;Cry8杀虫晶体蛋白分子量约为130~140 kDa,晶体形态均为球形。这10株菌采样地点分布于保定、衡水、邯郸、廊坊、唐山和邢台等地,植被类型多样化,说明cry8型Bt菌株在河北省分布广泛,可为蛴螬类害虫的防治提供丰富的Bt资源。     

山东小麦灌水和播期对高产节水的影响

摘 要：山东鲁西北地区小麦生产中灌溉水次数和播期是影响小麦产量的主要因素,而区域灌溉水资源比较缺乏,为了使有限资源充分增产小麦产量,设计并进行小麦灌水次数和小麦播期的研究。试验采取3个播期和5个灌水模式设计,5年的定位试验。结果表明：播期对小麦产量和水分利用效率影响不显著,灌水是影响小麦产量的主要因素。灌水3次产量最高,灌水2次产量次之,灌水1次产量最低;灌水量越灌水多,水分利用效率越低;综合产量和水分利用效率效果,建议冬小麦灌水3次（枯水年）或2次（丰水年）。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ea基因的克隆及 生物信息学分析

不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌能产生多种多样的晶体(Cry)蛋白。基于这个特性,人们可以通过基因工程的手段向工程菌中转入编码多种Cry毒素的基因来控制虫害。通过DNA重组技术,从Bt HZM2菌株中克隆出了cry1Ea基因,对其进行了生物信息学分析,同源比对结果表明,cry1Ea8基因的核苷酸序列与已知cry1Ea的同源性为99.77%~99.91%,对应的氨基酸序列同源性为99.49%~99.74%。对cry1Ea8基因的分析还揭示出了cry1Ea8及其编码蛋白的一些生物和理化性质。结构域预测表明,Cry1Ea8由3个结构域组成,其中N-末端螺旋状结构域与膜插入与孔隙形成有关,而第二和第三个结构域与受体的结合有关。该研究为转基因抗虫植物和微生物杀虫工程菌的构建提供了新的基因来源。     

两株杀鞘翅目害虫Bt菌株的生物活性及杀虫蛋白基因鉴定

发掘对鞘翅目害虫具有活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)菌株和杀虫蛋白基因在生物防治中日益受到人们的重视。利用杀鞘翅目Bt基因通用引物进行PCR检测与生物测定相结合的方法,从山东省各地土壤中分离的66株Bt中筛选获得了两株对鞘翅目昆虫具有杀虫活性的菌株B-DLL和B-JJX,并采用SDS-PAGE和PCR-RFLP方法对其杀虫晶体蛋白和杀虫基因类型进行了鉴定。结果表明,菌株B-DLL和B-JJX对华北大黑鳃金龟1龄幼虫14 d的校正死亡率分别为86.7%和60.0%,对暗黑鳃金龟1龄幼虫14 d的校正死亡率分别为83.3%和76.7%,对柳蓝叶甲3龄幼虫5 d的校正死亡率分别为33.3%和46.7%。菌株B-DLL的伴孢晶体呈圆形,B-JJX的晶体为近方形,两株Bt的伴孢晶体主要为130 kDa的蛋白,两株Bt均含有新的cry8类基因,而不含cry1、cry2、cry3、cry4/10和cry7等基因。     

河北省果园苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的分离鉴定

为了发掘新的Bt资源,从河北省不同果园中(板栗、葡萄、枣、梨)采集土样71份,利用醋酸钠-抗生素筛选法从中筛选出41株Bt菌株.采用通用引物进行PCR扩增鉴定基因型,结果表明,从这些菌株中发现6种不同的基因型cry1、cry7、cry8、cry19、cry26-28、cry32,还有2个菌株未鉴定出基因型.通过SDS-PAGE检测显示,大多数Bt菌株主要蛋白条带分子量约为130 kDa.生物活性测定结果表明,XPZ-6、XPZ-8、XPZ-9、XPZ-39、XPZ-42菌株对小菜蛾、棉铃虫、玉米螟和美国白蛾具有高活性,其中XPZ-39菌株的杀虫活性最高,对4种鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性均达到97%以上.尽管XPZ-28和XPZ-46菌株的cry基因型未被确定,但是两个菌株分别对柳蓝叶甲和蓼蓝齿胫叶甲有一定的杀虫活性.     

Fault Diagnosis in Hydraulic Turbine Governor Based on BP Artificial Neural Network

The governing system of hydraulic turbine generator plays an important role in power system. It is significant to find out the faults of governing system and remove them quickly. This paper sets up a new fault diagnosis model of the hydraulic turbine generator governing system with the advanced ANN (artificial neural net). This 17-in-13-out model consists of three layers. It is proved that this model can find the fault accurately.     

Application of Artificial Neural Network in Modeling Paint Waste Water Treated by Coagulation Oxidation Process

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was established based on data of paint waste water treated by coagulation oxidation process, using the improved back propagation algorithm. The model was then used to fit and predict some experimental data. The results indicated that the errors between computed data and experimental data were much small. Furthermore, the ANN model could correctly reflect the mechanism of some factors which affected the efficiency of paint waste water treatment.     

Evaluation Method Based on Artificial Neural Network in Contractor Prequalification of Tenderers

Both tenderees and tenderers attach much importance to contractor prequalification before bidding because it plays important roles for both and so far the Score Method has been widely used in our country. But the weights in the method are man-made, which may be affected by personality inevitably. In order to avoid this influence, this thesis will introduce another method based on artificial neural network. This thesis expatiates the principle of artificial neural network, and analyzes the characters of prequalification. Then, the author sets up the mathematics model. In the end, the author analyzes this method by an example.     

基于人工神经网络的落叶松毛虫发生量预测模型的研究

运用人工神经网络的原理和算法,根据相关系数法和逐步回归法选取了蒸发量、气温、风速、相对湿度等气象因子作为预报因子,建立了内蒙古东部地区的鄂伦春自治旗落叶松毛虫的发生面积及虫口密度与气象因子之间的BP网络模型。结果表明：所建立的模型具有较高的预测效果。通过逐步回归筛选出的预报因子,与事实吻合,选取合理。误差较小,控制在0.1%~25.0%之间。可以作为病虫害综合防治的依据。     

Cost Estimation of Transmission Line Based on Artificial Neural Network

Based on the structure of cost factor in transmission lines project and the characteristic of neural networks, the paper shows up using artificial neural networks to estimate the cost of project and provide a method to investigate them. By analyzing the structure of project cost and influence factor, the paper builds both input and output neural cell for cost of transmission line project. The paper builds the model of artificial neural networks and exports the steps of the algorithmic. The project sample is used in history to train and test the model. At last, the model gets satisfactory result and meets the investigation requirement of engineering budgetary estimation. Therefore, the paper provides an impersonality and quick investigation method for budgetary estimation of power projects.     

Evaluation of Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Based on Neural Network

With the development of the academic degrees and graduate education, evaluation is the important measure for guaranteeing the quality in the area. With increasing complication of the target of the evaluation of academic degrees and graduate education , it is necessary to introduce nonlinear method of the evaluation, which has great significance for the validity of the result of the evaluation. Neural networks have been developed greatly in recent years,they have the advantages of nonlinear mapping,parallelity ,adaption, etc. Therefore , they are good tools of nonlinear modeling. On the basis of setting up the model of the evaluation based on neural network ,this paper presets the practical value of the method.based them.     

BP人工神经网络在土地集约利用评价中的应用研究——以浙江省遂昌工业园区为例

为了探索土地集约利用评价的新途径,笔者尝试运用BP人工神经网络模型及实证分析的方法对浙江省遂昌工业园区的土地集约利用水平进行评价。研究结果表明,遂昌工业园区的土地集约利用程度在浙江省处于中下水平,导致集约度偏低的主要原因在于土地建成率不高,工业用地产出强度和固定资产投入强度偏低。并得出以下研究结论,BP人工神经网络体现了土地集约利用评价的科学性与合理性,能很大程度上避免人为因素对评价结果的影响,具有很强的实际应用价值。     

The Method of Diagnosing Brain-dysfunction Based on Membership Function and BP Neural Network

Membership functions.formed with the characteristic values obtained by applying the continuous reaction time (CRT) theory from controls and heptic encephalopthy and proposedin this paper.whith these membership functions,the CRT data to be diagnosed are calculated in advance,and then discriminated by BP meural network to differentiate patients with or without braindysfunction.The troubles of low accuracy and efficiency,encountered in training BP network withfuzzy samples.scattered data and extended samples,are solved.