3种不同瘤胃缓冲剂对肉牛消化利用的影响

[目的]评价3种瘤胃缓冲剂对肉牛的采食量和消化利用率的影响。[方法]试验对24头425 kg左右西门塔尔肉牛服用缓冲剂后的采食量、粪筛数据以及养分表观消化率进行分析。[结果]日粮中添加0.8%巴菲特处理的采食量较日粮中添加2%小苏打和1%瘤胃缓冲剂分别增加了2.6%和1.94%,日粮中添加0.8%巴菲特处理粪便筛上层、中层、下层占比试验后较试验前分别降低了44.7%,59.14%以及增高了55.92%。日粮中添加0.8%巴菲特处理肉牛的DM、GE、CP、NDF和ADF的表观消化率都有不同程度提高(P<0.05)。[结论]日粮中添加0.4%巴菲特瘤胃修复剂可提高肉牛的采食量,对其饲料表观消化率有明显的促进作用。     

不同水平DL-蛋氨酸铜对肉牛瘤胃纤维代谢的影响

选用4头平均体质量（420±20）kg,年龄2.5岁的中国西门塔尔阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持水平下,日粮中添加不同水平（0、8、16和24mg/kg干物质）铜（以DL-蛋氨酸螯合铜形式添加）对玉米秸瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加铜均降低了玉米秸干物质（DM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解率及动态降解率,并且都达到显著水平。研究结果表明,试验中添加任何剂量的铜都降低了玉米秸的瘤胃降解率。     

'In vitro' capacitation and further 'in vitro' progesterone-induced acrosome exocytosis are linked to specific changes in the expression and acrosome location of protein phosphorylation in serine residues of boar spermatozoa

The aim of this study is to determine changes in the expression and location of protein serine phosphorylation (pSer) during 'in vitro' capacitation (IVC) and 'in vitro' acrosome exocytosis (IVAE) in boar spermatozoa. This was performed in both mono- and bi-dimensional analyses of protein expression through Western blot, as well as through immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, IVC was induced through incubation in an IVC medium, and afterwards, progesterone-induced IVAE was performed. The mono-dimensional Western blot analysis showed the presence of a predominant pSer band of approximately 70-75 kDa, which was accompanied by fainter bands, especially three with molecular weights of approximately 50, 35 and 32 kDa. Neither IVC nor IVAE significantly modified this pattern. Bi-dimensional analyses showed a more complex pattern, with at least five protein clusters. The attainment of IVC caused the disappearance of the proteins with the highest molecular weight concomitantly with the appearance of pSer proteins of 75-kDa/pI 9.5 and 80-kDa/pI 10. The induction of IVAE caused the appearance of new pSer proteins of a 75-kDa/pI 6.5-7.5 and 75-kDa/pI 10. Immunocytochemistry showed that the main pSer expression in boar expression before the attainment of IVC was located at the midpiece. The IVC induced the appearance of acrosomal pSer, which was greatly increased during IVAE. Our results indicate that the changes in serine protein phosphorylation associated with IVC and IVAE comprise not only the appearance of specific phosphorylated proteins, such as the pSer-75 kDa, but also changes in pI and displacements in the sperm location of phosphorylated proteins, like the specific acrosomal pSer signal induced during IVC.     

全混合发酵饲料对肉用水牛生长、消化及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同全混合发酵饲料,得到最优的组合方式。选取28头4月龄左右的健康水牛公犊[(88.9±20.1)kg],随机分4组,每组7头。试验组一为构树+紫色象草,第二组为紫色象草,第三组为甘蔗尾,第四组为桑枝+紫色象草。试验期70 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期60 d。正试期内测定平均日增重、料重比,计算经济效益;最后5 d用全收粪法测定养分表观消化率;最后1 d采集血液用于测定血清生化指标。结果表明:平均日增重以构树组最高,甘蔗尾组最低,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);干物质采食量构树组高于紫色象草组、甘蔗尾组,且差异显著(P<0.05),与桑枝组差异不显著(P>0.05);干物质表观消化率桑枝组最高,甘蔗尾组最低;粗蛋白表观消化率构树组最高,甘蔗尾组最低;NDF、ADF表观消化率均以紫色象草组最高,甘蔗尾组最低,且各组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。除总蛋白和谷草转氨酶外,白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比等差异均不显著(P>0.05)。毛盈利构树组比甘蔗尾组高出47.6%。结论:紫色象草与构树、桑枝配合饲喂效果优于紫色象草单独饲喂,亦较甘蔗尾单独饲喂要好。     

Studies on degradation and outflow rate of protein supplements in the rumen of sheep and cattle

The rates of disappearance (p) of protein from fish-meal, meat-and-bone meal, soya-bean meal, cottonseed meal, linseed-meal and groundnut-meal were described when nylon bags were incubated in the rumens of sheep and cattle given either barley or dried grass. The exponential equation p = a + b (1 ? e^?ct),where a, b and c are constants, e is the natural logarithm, and p the amount disappearing in time, t, was used. There was no consistent difference between the degradabilities determined with sheep and cattle. Degradation was finally combined with different outflow rate (k) and the effective degradability (P) was described as the equation $\text{P}\text{=}\text{a + (bc)}\text{(c + k)}$.     

Studies on the pathogenesis of bovine ephemeral fever in sentinel cattle. II. haematological and biochemical data

Twenty-two non-lactating dairy cattle from a sentinel herd previously described (St. George, 1985) were monitored daily during an outbreak of ephemeral fever. Nine developed clinical ephemeral fever between 25 December 1981 and 30 January 1982. There were no subclinical infections with bovine ephemeral fever virus in the group. There were, however, subclinical infections with CSIRO Village, Akabane, Aino, Tinaroo and Kimberley viruses as described by St. George et al. (1984). Six of the nine affected cattle showed a neutrophilia with a concurrent lymphopaenia on the day of pyrexia; however, the differential white cell profile had begun to change up to 24 h prior to leucocytosis. Serum carboxypeptidase values fell by 24 h following the febrile response. Plasma fibrinogen rose rapidly in all six cows. The peak concentration (15.6 ± 2.70 g l⁻¹) occurred 3 days after pyrexia with the highest individual increase being from 6.05 to 19.6 g l⁻¹. Plasma fibrinogen levels remained elevated for at least 7 days.

Serum calcium fell significantly during Day 1 of the disease, the mean decline being 0.22 ± 0.08 mmol l⁻¹. The greatest individual fall was from 2.33 to 1.92 mmol l⁻¹. None of the affected cattle showed any compensatory change in serum magnesium. There was no change in the normal values of creatinine, urea, γ-GT, AST and alkaline phosphatase. Bovine ephemeral fever virus was isolated from only four of the six cases, whereas specific antibody was detected in all cattle 3–4 days after recovery.     

Fistulization of the rumen in cattle

Various surgical techniques and two types of fistulas were tested when they were installed (Firm and PVC rumen cannulas were applied in 35 and 12 animals). We consider that the simplest process of installing the fixed rumen fistula is the total resection of abdominal wall together with peritoneum and following fixation of rumen to the abdominal wall with knot stitches and with removal of rumen wall between the stitches in the shape of circle. This process can be mastered by two people without particular equipment in approx. 30. minutes. When installing the PVC fistulas we prefer their fixation in rumen with help of seromuscular circular stitches followed by leading out the fistula off the main cut.     

Studies on the pathogenesis of bovine ephemeral fever in experimental cattle III. Virological and biochemical data

In an attempt to define the nature of the response of cattle to ephemeral fever infection, a number of indicators of inflammation were monitored during clinical disease. The total Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, glucose and phosphate in plasma, together with blood ammonia, were assayed relative to changes in the rectal temperature. Ca_T levels fluctuated markedly and hypocalcaemia occurred in 4 of 8 cattle. Plasma Zn and Fe values fell while plasma Cu levels rose markedly in all cattle. Mean levels of serum NH₃ of 20–30 μmol 1⁻¹ rose to a peak value of 56 μmoll⁻¹. Plasma glucose levels rose to a peak of 4.6 ± 0.5 mMl⁻¹ and the plasma phosphate levels fell from 2.4 ± 0.1 mMl⁻¹ to 1.17 ± 0.2 mMl⁻¹ during fever. Values of pCO₂ fell from a mean of 46.9 ± 3.6 mmHg to 36.4 ± 3.1 mmHg and coincided with a rise in pH. Virus was isolated 73 h (± 23) after inoculation and persisted until 130 h (± 21). The common role of these parameters in generalised inflammation and ephemeral fever is discussed.     

德昌水牛与杂交水牛乳生化组成的分析

对德昌水牛、广西水牛×尼里拉菲水牛F1代乳生化组成进行了分析。结果表明:德昌水牛及F1代乳中蛋白质、乳脂含量和pH较高;SDS-PAGE分析显示德昌水牛及F1代乳蛋白中乳清蛋白比例高,而酪蛋白相对含量低于普通牛乳;德昌水牛乳中的氨基酸含量显著高于杂交水牛和普通牛。     

牛瘤胃臌气的诊治

瘤胃臌气,中兽医叫“气胀”,俗称“肚子胀”,临床上较为常见．笔者在多年的临床实践中,用简单易行的自拟消胀汤治疗牛瘤胃臌气病20多例,疗效佳,花钱少,均获得满意效果。现报道如下,供同行参考。     

Studies on some biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin

A total of 49 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin were studied for biochemical characteristics. Coagulase production, clumping factor, haemolytic activity, pigment production and fermentation of maltose and mannitol were employed to differentiate S. aureus from S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Out of 49 isolates, 97.95, 93.87, 93.87, 89.79, 95.91, 100.0, 95.91, 59.18, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 89.79, 91.83 and 100.0% isolates were positive for coagulase production, protein-A production, haemolysin production, thermostable nuclease production, deoxyribonuclease production, tellurite reduction, nitrate reduction, lipase production, phosphatase production, mannitol fermentation, glucose fermentation, M.R. test, V.P. test and pigment production respectively. The only isolate from which coagulase production could not be detected, however, showed haemolytic activity, protein-A productivity, pigmentation and mannitol fermentation. One of the protein-A negative isolate was coagulase positive and showed mennitol fermentation, pigmentation and haemolytic activity. The study revealed that the biochemical characteristics of S. aureus of buffalo mammary origin did not differ from those of cattle origin. Coagulase, haemolysin, thermostable nuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, lipase, tellurite and nitrate reduction closely related with protein-A. The presence of protein-A seems to be as reliable an indicator for S. aureus of buffalo origin as is coagulase production.