Nonsurgical Embryo Collection in Rabbits

Contents: Attempts were made to collect nonsurgically rabbit embyos. The experiments were carried out on 70 superovulated white New Zealand does. 54–55 hours after mating prostaglandins were administered. Ernbyos were expulsed into the vagina in 40–75% of the females. The percent of reacting females and the percent of embryos expulsed depended on the kind and dose of used PGF_2α. Enzaprost applicated in doses of 2–3 ml resulted in approximately 90% reacting females and approximately 40% flushed embyos. The collected embyos developed both in vitro and in vivo at a similar percent level as in the control group .
Inhalt: Unblutige Embryogewinnung beim Kaninchen
Versuche zur unblutigen Embryogewinnung wurden an 70 superovulierten Weiβen Neuseeländer-Häsinnen durchgeführt. 54 bis 55 Std. nach dem Belegen wurden Prostaglandin-F_2α-Präparate appliziert. Bei 40–75% der Häsinnen wurden Embyonen in die Vagina ausgestoβen. Der Anteil positiv reagierender Weibchen und der Prozentanteil ausgestoβener Embyonen war von der Dosis und dem verwendeten Prostaglandin-Praparat abhängig. Nach 2–3 ml Enzaprost reagierten etwa 90% der Häsinnen und 40% der Embyonen wurden ausgespült. Die Weiterentwicklung dieser Embyonen in vitro und in vivo war ahnlich wie jene von Kontrolltieren .     

Nonsurgical management of canine obstructive urolithopathy

Obstruction to urine outflow is a common complication of urolithiasis. However, varying degrees of recovery of renal function may occur following examination of the cause of obstruction. Therefore, in the absence of conclusive evidence of irreversible dysfunction, one should consider efforts to decompress the urinary tract and to eliminate the cause of obstruction. Nonsurgical methods that may be used for management of obstructive urolithiasis include cystocentesis, palpation, urohydropropulsion, and catheterization.     

Nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele in two dogs

CASE DESCRIPTION: A gallbladder mucocele was diagnosed in 2 dogs. In both dogs, the mucocele resolved with medical treatment but without the need for surgical intervention. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 12-year-old spayed female Miniature Schnauzer had a history of signs of gastrointestinal tract disease and high serum liver enzyme activities. Gallbladder mucocele and hypothyroidism were diagnosed. A 6-year-old neutered mixed-breed dog had chronic intermittent diarrhea and recurrent otitis; gallbladder mucocele and hypothyroidism were diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The first dog was treated with S-adenosyl-methionine, omega-3 fatty acids, famotidine, ursodiol, and levothyroxine. Substantial improvement in the gastrointestinal tract condition and complete resolution of the gallbladder mucocele within 3 months were evident, but the dog was not available for further follow-up monitoring. The second dog was treated with fenbendazole, ursodiol, and levothyroxine and fed a hypoallergenic diet. One month after evaluation, abdominal ultrasonography revealed that the gallbladder mucocele was resolving, and treatment was continued. Ultrasonographic evaluation 2 and 4 months later revealed complete resolution of the mucocele. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Review of the clinical course of 2 dogs in which there was nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele revealed that surgery is not necessary in all dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Hypothyroidism may have resulted in delayed gallbladder emptying, and its role in the pathogenesis of gallbladder mucocele merits investigation. Despite this information, until further prospective trials with a control group and standardized treatments and follow-up monitoring can be performed, the authors recommend surgical intervention for treatment of dogs with gallbladder mucocele.     

Nonsurgical treatment of uterine torsion in seven mares

Nonsurgical correction of uterine torsion was performed in 7 mares, and 6 foals were subsequently born alive. Uterine rupture necessitated euthanasia in 1 mare. Correction was achieved by rolling of the mares after general anesthesia had been induced. Previously, this technique was believed to be associated with a high prevalence of fetal and maternal mortality. Nonsurgical correction may be a satisfactory alternative to abdominal surgery in treating uterine torsion in mares.     

Effect of long-term intermittent periodontal care on canine periodontal disease

The periodontal health status was assessed in two groups of dogs which had received different levels of periodontal care over a two-year period. The dental group received regular dental scaling and polishing, and intermittent daily tooth brushing, while the control group received no periodontal care. All dogs developed gingivitis, and two (one from each group) showed evidence of incipient periodontitis. The dental group had a reduced gingivitis index (GI) compared with the control group only when they had received daily tooth brushing before the GI assessment. When the dogs had not had their teeth brushed for four weeks before the assessment, the GI was not significantly different to that in the control dogs. This suggests that continual periodontal care throughout life is of great importance and questions the benefits of intermittent oral care. The GI of the palatal and lingual surfaces in all dogs was significantly higher than the GI of the buccal surfaces. Thus, all tooth surfaces may need to be cleaned to achieve optimal periodontal health.     

Complicated periodontal disease

Not all patients experience "normal" levels of periodontal disease. More complicated cases with deep periodontal pockets or excessive inflammation require specialized procedures and therapy.     

Nonsurgical management of ruptured urinary bladder in a critically ill foal

A small tear in the urinary bladder of a severely debilitated 4-day-old foal was managed with an indwelling urinary catheter connected to a urine collecting system. Fluid therapy, parenteral nutrition, and antimicrobial agents were used during the initial management of the ruptured bladder. Aseptic technique for catheter care and systemic administration of antimicrobial agents prevented the development of bacterial cystitis. Catheter management required constant monitoring, but the bladder defect was sealed within 5 days. Fungal arthritis caused by Candida tropicalis, immune-mediated anemia, diarrhea, constipation, venous thrombosis, and pneumonia were observed during 43 days of hospitalization. Although the foal died at 3 months of age, serum creatinine concentration and electrolyte values remained within normal limits during the 3-month period.     

Nonsurgical removal of a catheter embolus from the heart of a dog

A fragment of an 18-gauge catheter was inadvertently severed during catheterization of the cephalic vein in a 7-year-old Golden Retriever. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the fragment was retrieved successfully from the right ventricle, using a self-constructed, loop-snare catheter.     

Nonsurgical videolaparoscopy for determination of reproductive status of the Arctic charr.

The efficient commercial production of Arctic charr is hampered by the limited and subtle sexual dimorphism shown by this species. This project examined the feasibility of low-cost videoendoscopy through the genital pore to determine sex, stage of maturity, and safety for 80, randomly selected, anesthetized Arctic charr. The sensitivity and specificity for correct assignment of male sex were 90% and 100%, respectively, among 3 observers in a single-blind design. Sensitivity and specificity for relative sexual maturity in the same fish were 96% and 54%, respectively. The observed mortality rate of 7% at the end of 3 weeks was confounded by the presence of unrelated disease. We conclude that the technique holds promise for application by producers to improve production efficiency.     

Nonsurgical removal of chondroid masses from the guttural pouches of two horses

Chondroid masses were successfully removed from the guttural pouches of 2 horses, using an endoscope, a snare, and a vacuum pump. This technique is an alternative to surgical removal of chondroid masses in patients when basic lavage of the affected guttural pouch is ineffective. Complications were not encountered. Advantages of this snare technique include avoidance of surgery and its potential complications, minimal recovery time, and minimal expense.     

Nonsurgical removal of a catheter embolus from the heart of a foal

Nonsurgical, percutaneous, transvenous removal of a catheter fragment embolus was performed in a 14-day-old Thoroughbred foal. A basket retrieval catheter was introduced into the jugular vein and manipulated under fluoroscopic guidance to remove the fragment from the right side of the heart. Percutaneous retrieval should be considered as an alternative to thoracotomy for retrieval of intracardiac or intravascular foreign bodies.     

Esophageal Disorders in 61 Horses: Results of Nonsurgical and Surgical Management

Obstructive esophageal disorders in 61 horses included feed or foreign body impaction (27 horses), strictures (18 horses), perforations (11 horses), and diverticula (5 horses). Horses with feed impaction were treated nonsurgically (25 horses) or by esophagotomy (2 horses). Survival to discharge was 78%, and 37% of these had persistent chronic obstruction at home. Long-term survival was 52%. Long-term survival of nine horses treated nonsurgically for esophageal strictures was 22%; for nine horses treated surgically it was 44%. Long-term survival of horses treated nonsurgically was significantly better in acute than chronic strictures. Surgical repair of esophageal mural strictures was more successful than repair of annular or mucosal strictures. One third of the horses with strictures were foals. Long-term survival for horses with strictures was 33%. Long-term survival was higher for the horses with perforations managed surgically (2 of 4) than nonsurgically (0 of 7). Long-term survival for this group was 18%. One esophageal diverticulum was managed nonsurgically, and four were treated surgically; all horses survived long term. Complications of obstructive esophageal disorders included aspiration pneumonia, chronic obstruction, esophageal mucosal ulceration, postoperative infection, pleuritis, laminitis, laryngeal paralysis, and Horner's syndrome.