鱼类磷缺乏的病理研究进展

磷是鱼饲料的重要组成成分,它的缺乏不仅会引起软骨病,导致骨骼畸形,并且影响中间物的代谢,从而对生长和饲料转换造成不良后果。因此,饲料中磷的最适添加水平至关重要。随着水产业的发展,新陈代谢和剩余饲料中的磷,越来越成为一个不可忽视的问题。饲料配方的设计不仅要考虑鱼体正常生长的需要,同时也要确保废水中的磷浓度最小。许多因素影响着鱼饲料中的磷需要量和有效磷,故最小磷需求量虽对保护环境有利,但按最小磷需要量配制饲料却是不可取的。     

多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展

日粮添加多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)可以影响家禽脂质代谢,本文主要从PUFA的种类和来源及PUFA对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展作一综述.     

鱼类磷营养需求及原料消化率研究进展

磷是鱼类一种重要的必需营养素.本文就鱼类对磷的需求量研究进展及原料中磷的生物利用率研究进行了综述.     

多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展

<正>大量研究表明,摄入多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对人的健康有益,它可以抑制炎症、促进大脑发育、抑制肿瘤生长,还可通过降低血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平抗血栓及抑制动脉粥样硬化等[1]。因此,通过日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸来降低禽肉蛋制品中甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量,生产功能性禽类产品,对维     

脂质代谢组学的研究进展

脂质是动物体内重要的生物大分子之一,具有多种重要生物学功能。脂质代谢组学是新兴起的一门研究脂质代谢调控在各种生命现象中作用机制的新学科。它通过从系统水平上研究生物体内的脂质,揭示脂质分子及与其他生物分子间的相互作用。脂质代谢组学在营养学、功能基因组学等相关学科中的应用已有许多报道。本文主要介绍了脂质的分类与代谢、脂质代谢组学的概念、研究方法、研究现状及其应用研究进展等。     

白藜芦醇调控脂质代谢影响肉品质的作用机制研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种存在于多种植物中的天然多酚类化合物,在畜禽生产中具有缓解应激、改善肠道功能和脂质代谢等多种功效.本文从白藜芦醇在体内的代谢特点,对脂质代谢的调控作用及其改善畜禽肉品质的研究进展进行综述,以期为白藜芦醇作为饲料添加剂在动物生产中的应用提供参考.     

肝脏脂质代谢关键转录因子研究进展

目前发现的与肝脏脂质代谢相关的转录因子主要包括过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)、肝X受体(LXRs)和固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBPs)。这些转录因子通过对脂类代谢基因的调节,从而在维持机体的脂代谢平衡中起着重要作用。随着对转录因子的深入研究,以其为作用靶点的药物相继被开发出来,广泛应用于肥胖、高血脂、糖尿病等脂代谢障碍性疾病的防治,并表现出良好的临床效果和应用前景。论文通过综述肝脏脂质代谢关键转录因子的调控靶基因、调控机制和临床应用,旨在促进肝脏脂质代谢关键转录因子的进一步研究,以及临床新药的开发与应用。     

牛磺酸对蛋鸡脂质代谢的影响

将108只60周龄蛋用母鸡随机分为4组。每组3个重复,每个重复9只鸡。试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别加入50mg/kg、100mg/kg、200mg/kg 牛磺酸,对照组不加牛磺酸。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ血清甘油三脂分别下降10．06％、13．03％、13．97％,差异极显著 (P<0．01);试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ血清总胆固醇分别下降9．95％、10．65％、 10．45％,差异极显著;血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,试验组Ⅰ下降 20．83％,差异显著(P<0．05);试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ下降33．33％、29．19％,差异极显著(P<0．01);蛋黄总胆固醇,试验组Ⅰ下降3．17％,差异显著 (P<0．05);试验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ下降5．25％、6．76％,差异极显著(P<0．01)。     

浅谈鱼类营养需要及代谢特点

鱼类营养学作为我国建设水产饲料工业及发展现代化鱼类养殖业的理论基础,日益受到重视,了解鱼类营养需要及代谢特点是生产鱼用配合饲料及制定合理饲养管理措施的重要依据。 本文就鱼类营养需要及代谢特点作一简述,供同行参考。 一、能量需要及代谢特点 鱼摄取食物,经消化分解为简单的分子再吸收进入体内,机体又通过生物氧化过程,与腮部吸入的氧化合,将氧分解而释放出能量。据研究,鱼类生长所需能量低     

溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

选200羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成对照组和试验组(每组10个重复),试验组日粮添加0.1%溶血卵磷脂,研究溶血卵磷脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响。结果表明:溶血卵磷脂降低肝脏系数和肝脂率(P>0.05)、血清总甘油三酯与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P>0.05)、LDL-C/HDL-C和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),上调肉仔鸡肝脏载脂蛋白B(P<0.01)和脂肪酸合成酶(P=0.155)mRNA表达水平;而对肉仔鸡的42日龄体重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪厚、腿肌和胸肌含脂率以及血清总胆固醇、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素刺激激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示:溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡有减少肝脂肪沉积及降血脂作用。     

低磷胁迫对黄花苜蓿生理特性的影响

我国绝大部分土壤缺乏有效磷,严重限制了作物产量的提高。黄花苜蓿耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠,但其对磷缺乏的响应和适应机制尚未见报道。以呼盟黄花苜蓿与锡盟黄花苜蓿为材料,研究了不同供磷水平对黄花苜蓿生长、根系形态、柠檬酸分泌和光合特性的影响,探讨了黄花苜蓿适应低磷胁迫的机制。结果表明,低磷(5 μmol/L H₂PO₄^-)胁迫显著降低了黄花苜蓿的生物量、根系表面积、总根长、根系体积、地上部磷含量、净光合速率、气孔导度与蒸腾速率,但增加了黄花苜蓿柠檬酸释放速率。常磷(500 μmol/L H₂PO₄^-)处理下,呼盟黄花苜蓿与锡盟黄花苜蓿的各项指标之间没有显著差异,但低磷处理下,锡盟黄花苜蓿干重、鲜重、株高、地上部磷含量、净光合速率、气孔导度与蒸腾速率等下降幅度明显较小,而主根长与柠檬酸释放速率的增加幅度明显较大,表明锡盟黄花苜蓿较呼盟黄花苜蓿更耐低磷。     

Effect of dietary fish oil on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle of lactating sows

This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of fish oil as a source of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influences the expression of target genes of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBP)‐1 and (SREBP)‐2 involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and moreover activates the expression of target genes of peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α involved in TAG and fatty acid catabolism in liver and skeletal muscle. Twenty lactating sows were fed a control diet or a fish oil diet with either 50 g of a mixture of palm oil and soya bean oil (4:1, w/w) or fish oil per kg. The diet of the fish oil group contained 19.1 g of n‐3 PUFA (mainly 20:5 n‐3 and 22:6 n‐3) per 100 g of total fatty acids, while the diet of the control group contained 2.4 g of n‐3 PUFA (mainly 18:3 n‐3) per 100 g of total fatty acids. The fish oil group had reduced relative mRNA concentrations of various target genes of SREBP‐1 involved in fatty acid and TAG synthesis in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Relative mRNA concentrations of target genes of PPARα involved in fatty acid catabolism in both liver and muscle, and mRNA concentrations of target genes of SREBP‐2 involved in cholesterol synthesis and uptake were not influenced by fish oil supplementation. Concentrations of cholesterol and TAG in plasma, fat content of milk and weight gains of litters during the suckling period were not different between the two groups of sows. In conclusion, this study suggests that fish oil has only minor effects on hepatic lipid metabolism, which are non‐critical with respect to milk production in sows.     

低磷胁迫下豆科植物有机酸分泌研究进展

摘要：豆科植物在低磷条件下能产生大量有机酸,从而促进根际酸化,提高土壤中磷的有效性。本研究综述了豆科植物在低磷条件下有机酸分泌时间、种类和水平;比较了不同有机酸对磷活化的效率,多元酸效率高于一元酸;阐述了有机酸在豆科植物根际酸化过程中发挥作用,指出有机酸分泌不是根际酸化的单一诱因;低磷下豆科植物有机酸的合成主要在根系进行,其合成和分泌与碳代谢密切相关。最后,对豆科植物有机酸代谢研究方向进行了展望。     

Effect of darglitazone on glucose clearance and lipid metabolism in obese cats

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of darglitazone, a compound of the thiazolidinedione class, on glucose clearance and lipid metabolism in obese cats. ANIMALS: 18 obese and 4 lean adult neutered female cats. PROCEDURE: IV glucose tolerance tests with measurements of glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were performed before and 42 days after daily administration of darglitazone (9 obese cats) or placebo (9 obese and 4 lean cats). Additionally, cholesterol, triglyceride, leptin, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Darglitazone-treated cats had significantly lower cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin concentrations, compared with placebo-treated obese cats. A significant decrease in the area under the curve for NEFAs, glucose, and insulin during an i.v. glucose tolerance test was seen in darglitazone-treated cats. The drug was well tolerated. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The response of obese cats to darglitazone was similar to the response to thiazolidinediones in obese humans and rodents Darglitazone was effective in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese cats.     

Effect of cimaterol on sheep adipose tissue lipid metabolism

Effects of dietary cimaterol (5 mg/kg) on adipose tissue metabolism of wether lambs were studied. Lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid composition and adipocyte size and number were measured. Cimaterol feeding increased lipogenesis; however, this effect was not statistically significant. Insulin (1,000 microU/ml) stimulated lipogenesis of adipose tissue from control sheep. However, this elevated rate was abolished by in vitro cimaterol. Insulin had no stimulatory effect on lipogenesis in cimaterol-fed sheep. Lipolysis was depressed by cimaterol feeding. However, 10(-4) M cimaterol stimulated lipolysis in the adipose tissue from both control and cimaterol-fed sheep. Insulin inhibited stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue from control sheep but had no effect on the stimulated lipolysis in cimaterol-fed sheep. Mean adipocyte diameter was smaller (from 74 to 70 microns) and adipocyte size distribution also was changed in the cimaterol-fed sheep. Adipocyte number per gram of tissue was not affected by cimaterol. There was a significant increase in percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue from cimaterol-fed sheep. These results indicate that lipogenic and lipolytic responses to insulin and cimaterol in sheep adipose tissue were altered by cimaterol feeding. The carcass fat content decrease in cimaterol-fed sheep may be attributed to the reduction in adipocyte size.     

Effect of copper deficiency on blood lipid profile and haematological parameters in broilers

The aim of the study was to observe the changes in haematological parameters and blood lipid profile through copper (Cu) deficiency. Eighty broiler chicks were used in the study. The chicks were separated into two equal groups (n = 40), feed treatment according to the groups started on day 7. The animals in the control group were fed with normal feed. Those in the Cu-deficient group were fed with feed that did not contain supplemental Cu. Blood samples were taken from all the animals on days 7, 21 and 49. Fibrinogen and prothrombin time were assayed in plasma; total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), triglyceride and ceruloplasmin were assayed in sera; and haematocrit and thrombocyte levels were assayed in the blood samples. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. Serum ceruloplasmin levels were lower in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. Prothrombin time was higher in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. Haematocrit levels were lower in the Cu-deficient group than in the control group. It was concluded that Cu deficiency created hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, insufficient growth and anaemia in broilers.