高产高抗花生新品种开农37选育报告

开农37是我所用豫花7号×豫花1号通过有性杂交选育而成的.该品种抗病、抗旱、耐瘠薄能力强.河南省两年区试平均产量3477.00kg/hm2,比对照豫花6号增产13.30%.河南省生产试验平均产量4122.00kg/hm2,比对照豫花6号增产10.30%.综合评比居参试材料首位.     

花生新品种豫花10号选育

豫花１０号具有高产、优质、抗病、适应性广等特点，在中间试验中平均荚果产量３５８０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，在全国区试河南省试点籽仁比鲁花９号增产７．４６％，比豫花ｌ号增产１９．５％，河南省生产试验比豫花１号增产７．２４％。适宜豫、鲁、冀、京、苏、陕等地种植。     

大豆新品种豫豆18号的选育及高产稳产性分析

豫豆１８号丰产、稳产、早熟、优质（蛋白质含量４３．２６％）,适应性强。河南省２年区试比对照豫豆２号增产１９．０％,３年国家区试比对照中豆１９号增产１１．０８％,两年河南省生产试验比对照中豆１９号平均增产１１．２％,综合评比居供试材料首位。     

优质抗病花生新品种豫花14号的选育与利用

豫花14号是河南省农科院棉花油料所选育，1999年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定的高产、早熟、优质白沙型抗病花生新品种。在河南省区试及生产试验中，荚果和籽仁产量分别达到2960．6－3322．5kg/hm^2和2241．8－2423．9kg/hm^2，籽仁比对照增产10％以上，高产示范中荚果产量达到6750kg/hm^2。其生育期110d左右，适合于夏直播。高抗青枯病，且品质优异，蛋白质含量28．94％，亚油酸含量高达42．58％，荚果美观，籽仁色泽鲜艳、光亮。     

高产、高出仁率花生新品种漯花10号的选育

为适应我国长江流域花生生产的需要,以中花10号为母本,与自选品系漯河紫皮杂交,用一粒传法结合南繁加代选育出高产、高出仁率花生新品种漯花10号。介绍了该品种的选育过程及其区域试验与生产试验的结果:两年区域试验平均荚果产量4645. 5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产2. 32%,籽仁产量3513. 0 kg/hm^2,比对照增产6. 73%;生产试验平均荚果产量4125. 15 kg/hm^2,比对照增产7. 96%,籽仁产量3118. 5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产12. 48%。     

大花生新品种丰花1号在春夏播试验中的产量表现

丰花1号经3年夏播试验,荚果产量比对照品种鲁花11号增产24.6%,籽仁增产22.85%;三年春播试验荚果比对照增产18.75%,籽仁增产20.23%.春播高产田荚果产量达到605.4kg/666.7m2,夏播高产达到518kg/666.7m2.     

双低抗(耐)病杂交油菜新品种华油2790的选育

华油2790是利用陕2A不育系等材料,经测交、诱变、杂交和回交等方法选育的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种,具有品质优、抗(耐)病性强、产量高、稳产性好、适应性广等特征.河南省区试平均产量2 853.8kg/hm2,比第一对照豫油2号增产19.4%,比第二对照秦油2号增产8.7%;全国(黄淮区)油菜区试平均产量2 677.5kg/hm2,比对照秦油2号增产5.76%.种子芥酸含量0.10%,商品籽饼粕硫甙含量19.67μmol/g.     

优质白沙型花生新品种濮花17号选育研究

濮花17号是河南省濮阳农业科学研究所选育,2002年通过河南省品审会审定命名的优质、高产、早熟、抗病白沙型花生新品种.在河南省区试及生产试验中,荚果和籽仁产量分别达到2950.2～3571.8kg/hm2、和2151.75～2654.1kg/hm2,籽仁比对照增产10%以上,高产示范中荚果产量达到6000kg/hm2.生育期105d左右,适合于夏直播.中抗锈病、叶斑病、网斑病,且品质优异,蛋白质含量29.69%,亚油酸含量40.52%,荚果美观,籽仁色泽鲜艳、光亮.     

花生新品种豫花七号的选育

豫花七号高产，早熟，株型直立，叶色深绿。百果重２２０ｇ．百仁重９０ｇ，出仁率７０％～７８％。通过多年多点联合方差分析、新复极差测验、回归分析等，结果表明．豫花七号是一个丰产、稳产、适应性较强的品种。经６次３６点次试验结果汇总。平均比时照豫花。号增产２０．３４％。省区试三年２１点次平均比对照增产２２．８９％，达极显著水平。回归系数ｂ＝１．０３３４．接近１。具有平均稳定性。     

抗青枯病花生品种日花1号的选育研究

日花1号是日照市东港花生研究所以鲁花3号做母本,花选1号（花育16号）做父本进行有性杂交选育而成的花生抗病新品种。该品种具有高产、抗青枯病、适应性广等优点。在2005～2006年山东省花生品种大粒组区域试验中,两年平均单产荚果4881kg／hm^2、籽仁3570kg/hm^2,分别比对照鲁花11号增产3．0%和4．4％;2007年生产试验平均单产荚果4719kg／hm^2、籽仁3382．5kg／hm^2,分别比对照鲁花11号增产3．1％和2．9％。该品种于2008年4月通过了山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜我国北方花生产区作为春播大花生品种推广利用。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。