青岛市常绿阔叶树种及园林应用调查分析

从树种种类、观赏特点、配置方式、观赏效果及应用频度5个方面对青岛园林中常绿阔叶树种资源进行了实地调查。调查结果表明,有58种常绿阔叶树种属青岛原产或已引种成功,生长良好。系统分析了常绿阔叶树种在青岛园林中的应用现状,对常绿阔叶树种的选择、推广应用等方面提出了参考建议。     

长春市常绿阔叶树种引种试验

为丰富长春地区的造林绿化树种,收集了韩国杜鹃等8种常绿阔叶树种,并进行了引种试验,经驯化栽培,初步筛选出韩国杜鹃、朝鲜黄杨2个适宜长春地区种植的常绿阔叶树种。     

青岛地区常绿阔叶树种资源及应用评价

结合林木种质资源调查结果和多年实际工作观察,系统分析了全市常绿阔叶树种资源现状及应用情况。青岛地区现有常绿阔叶树种107种(变种、变型)(含棕榈及竹类),隶属于26科48属,约占全市木本植物总数的14%.依据栽培应用范围、数量和频度等因素,将应用情况分为普遍应用、局部应用、单点应用和尚未开发应用四类,并进行了分析评价,提出了常绿阔叶树种引种和应用建议。     

常绿阔叶树种在石家庄园林景观中的应用

调查了石家庄园林中常绿阔叶树种类、越冬表现及园林应用形式,根据常绿阔叶树种的生态习性及越冬表现;讨论了石家庄引种一些常绿阔叶树的可行性及常绿阔叶树种在石家庄冬季园林景观中的作用。     

临沂市外来常绿阔叶树种抗寒性研究

采集10个外来常绿阔叶树(品)种当年生成熟枝条中部叶片为样本,进行人工冷冻处理,通过测定其叶绿素a、b含量、POD、SOD活性等指标,研究其抗寒机理。结果表明:随着温度降低,叶绿素a、b含量逐渐降低;-10℃时POD、SOD活性最大,生理曲线呈先高后低趋势。运用模糊隶属函数法进行抗寒性综合评定,抗寒能力由强到弱依次为龟甲冬青、广玉兰、金森女贞、红叶石楠红罗宾、日本女贞、大叶女贞、法国冬青、枇杷、香樟、日香桂。     

邯郸地区15种常绿阔叶树种抗寒性比较

以邯郸地区引种的15种主要常绿阔叶树种的叶片为试材,经过-5℃、-10℃、-15℃、-20℃、-25℃、-30℃冷冻处理,测定其在不同低温处理下的电导率,再利用Logistic方程计算各树种的半致死温度,以确定这些树种抗寒力的相对强弱.结果表明:各树种相对电导率均随温度降低而有不同程度的提高,上升趋势呈\"S\"型曲线.根据半致死温度确定的各树种抗寒力的相对强弱.与各树种在当地越冬状况基本一致.     

耐寒常绿阔叶树种杂交育种实践

本文作者的专业领域在树木分类和城市林业,长期坚持研究实践,直至获得对北方城市园林绿化有重要意义的阶段性成果。发表本文的积极意义在于,本研究的方向是建设美丽中国所急需。实地观测所研究树种的耐寒性,及其通过与丝棉木嫁接长成的耐寒阔叶乔木,一旦成片用于园林,将会创造北方冬季的城市美景。     

99种栲属类常绿阔叶树种叶片功能性状研究

以南北样带栲属树种和常绿阔叶树种(包括栲属)为试验材料,测定了栲属树种的净光合速率、叶氮和磷含量、叶厚度、比叶重和常绿阔叶树种的比叶重、叶厚度、干物质含量。通过检验叶片功能性状指标之间相关关系得到,栲属植物的单位面积最大净光合速率与单位面积叶氮含量、比叶重彼此呈正相关,单位质量最大净光合速率与比叶重、叶厚度呈负相关,同时,无论是基于面积还是基于质量叶氮和磷含量都呈正相关关系。99种常绿阔叶树种的比叶重、叶厚度、干物质含量彼此呈正相关。     

丝棉木嫁接常绿阔叶树种技术及在园林中的应用

宁夏地处西北内陆,冬季气候寒冷干燥,春季风沙干旱,灾害天气时有发生.恶劣的环境条件致使园林绿化树种缺乏,无常绿阔叶树种栽培,冬季景观较差.     

古田山自然保护区四个常绿阔叶树种叶面积的估算模型

通过对浙江古田山自然保护区4个主要阔叶树种——甜槠、木荷、青冈和石栎的调查采样,测定了4个物种共1160张叶片的叶长、叶宽和叶面积,基于此构建4个物种叶面积与叶长和(或)叶宽的8种常用回归模型。结果表明,模型SA=a(LW)+b具有最高的决定系数(R~2=0.97-0.99)和最低的均方差(MSE=0.52-1.59);幂指数模型SA=aW~b是所有单变量模型中拟合效果最佳的模型。     

Retention of available P in acid soils of tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

Precipitation of mineral phosphate is often recognized as a factor of limiting the availability of P in acidic soils of tropical and subtropical forests. For this paper, we studied the extractable P pools and their transformation rates in soils of a tropical evergreen forest at Xishuangbanna and a subtropical montane wet forest at the Ailao Mountains in order to understand the biogeochemical processes regulating P availability in acidic soils. The two forests differ in forest humus layer; it is deep in the Ailao forest while little is present in the Xishuangbanna forest. The extractable P pools by resin and sodium-bicarbonate decreased when soil organic carbon content was reduced. The lowest levels of extractable P pools occurred in the surface (0–10 cm) mineral soils of the Xishuangbanna forest. However, microbial P in the mineral soil of the Xishuangbanna forest was twice that in the Ailao forest. Potential rates of microbial P immobilization were greater than those of organic P mineralization in mineral soils for both forests. We suggest that microbial P immobilization plays an essential role in avoiding mineral P precipitation and retaining available P of plant in tropical acidic soils, whereas both floor mass accumulation and microbial P immobilization function benefit retaining plant available P in subtropical montane wet forests. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(7): 2,294–2,300 [译自: 生态学报]     

豫南大别山区野生草本花卉资源调查

大别山区地处我国北亚热带，属亚热带季风气候，兼有暖温带的气候特征，年平均气温15℃，最低月平均气温1－2℃，最高月平均气温28℃，日均温≥10℃，积温为4700－5000℃，无霜期220天以上，年降水量1000－1200mm，豫南大别山区特殊的地理位置和丰富的水热资源，为植物生长提供了十分有利的条件，全区有微管植物180多科，2000多种，1999年8月，作者对豫南大别山区的野生草本花卉资源进行了系统的调查，整理出本区有价值的观赏植物200多种，约占河南野生草本花卉75％。现将可利用的野生草本观察植物列举如下。     

长白山珍稀濒危野生药用植物

长白山有野生药用植物1004种,其中药用芳香植物122种,珍稀药用植物20种。     

Effects of a severe typhoon on forest dynamics in a warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in southwestern Japan

The effects of a typhoon on forest dynamics and the response of major tree species were studied in a warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in southwestern Japan. The strongest typhoon on record (T9313) passed through this region in 1993. Return periods of typhoons over 30 ms⁻¹ in instantaneous wind velocity and T9313 were estimated to be 2.2 and 104.5 years, respectively. Approximately 10% of all stems suffered some damage from T9313 and annual stem mortality rose from 1.3 to 2.7%. The estimated period that the number of stems would fall below 10% of the initial was four years shorter with T9313-class typhoons than without them. Thus, the disturbance by T9313 was not catastrophic at the site although T9313 was an episodic typhoon. The short-term responses of major tree species to T9313 were classified into four types: 1) blunt-response type with little decrease and recruitment of stems in the DBH ≥ 5 cm class (Distylium racemosum), 2) retreat type with larger decrease than recruitment (e.g. Quercus acuta), 3) sharp-response type with a large decrease and much recruitment (e.g. Cinnamomum japonicum), and 4) advance type with less decrease than recruitment (Eurya japonica). Among the four regeneration types classified by previous studies (climax, light-demanding, subcanopy, and few-sapling), the climax and few-sapling types each showed a specific short-term response, the blunt-response and retreat types, respectively, that explains one aspect of the regeneration strategies of each type. On the other hand, the light-demanding or sub-canopy type showed multiple short-term responses, indicating that each regeneration type contains species with various regeneration strategies. In this paper, I analyzed data from the database that was compiled by the Aya Research Team.     

含笑、木莲属树种生态复合拟生栽培试验

在江苏省苏南低山丘陵南京、无锡地区引种木兰科常绿阔叶树(含笑、木莲),根据其引进树种的生物学特性、生态习性,针对幼龄期怕高温日灼,需荫蔽、温湿条件的特性,采用景观绿化树种金丝垂柳、无患子、黄山栾树、马褂木等进行了生态复合混交配置拟生栽培。因伴生树种的侧方遮荫作用,显著改善了下层含笑、木莲苗木生长空间的小气候条件,形成了幼龄适生的生态环境,保障了苗木免遭高温日灼危害,促进了苗木速生。研究结果为异地引种木兰科常绿阔叶树,培育含笑、木莲绿化苗木提供了适宜的栽培模式。     

亚热带常绿阔叶林结构、树种多样性和土壤特性的研究(英文)

采用样地调查法,对日本冲绳岛北部的亚热带常绿阔叶林的林分结构,树种组成以及土壤特性等进行了调查分析。结果表明,该亚热带林具有林冠低矮、小径木多等特点。林分的平均林冠高度仅10m,平均立木密度达5400株·hm2(≥3.0cmDBH),其中胸径小于10cm的立木占64%。林分胸高断面积为54.4m2·hm-2。30个调查样地共出现树种数(≥3.0cmDBH)达80种,分属31个科。根据树种的重要值,Castanopsis sieboldii和Schima wallichii分别为优势树种和亚优势树种。树种多样性指数(H’)平均达3.63,均衡度指数(J’)为0.71,丰富度指数(S’)为4.72。这些多样性指数都随着优势树种重要值的增加而显著降低。土壤养分测定结果表明,该森林的土壤肥力低,异质性大,并可能存在Al毒害。由相关分析知,林分密度和优势树高均与土壤pH值呈显著正相关关系;多样性指数则与土壤交换性K ,Ca2 以及Ca2 /Al3 比呈显著的正相关,而与土壤有机碳,全氮和磷呈显著的负相关。这些结果说明土壤性质是影响冲绳亚热带常绿阔叶林林分结构和树种组成多样性的重要因素。图3表4参38。     

中国中部亚热带常绿阔叶林保育的重要性及其恢复重建策略

对我国中部亚热带常绿阔叶林在生态环境保护和林业发展的重要性进行了较全面系统的论述,包括常绿阔叶林的植物地理学特征;植物区系和植物群落学特点;生态服务功能及与其它植被类型的比较等。同时引证了常绿阔叶林恢复和重建的各种理论根据及各地生态恢复实例。进而,对我国中部亚热带常绿阔叶林的恢复和重建提出了初步的策略和技术路线。结论认为,针对我国南方现不断频发的各种生态灾情出发,常绿阔叶林保育、恢复和重建确系我国亚热带生态保护和林业发展的根本大计,此大计应作为一战略目标和国策提出。     

Coldness index does not indicate the upper limit of evergreen broad-leaved forest on a subtropical island

Many ecologists in East Asia consider that Kira’s coldness index (CI) of ?10 °C month agrees well with the northward and upward limits of evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF). It is of interest to establish whether CI is an effective indicator of the upper limit of EBLF in a tropical-to-temperate transitional island. A case study in Taiwan was conducted through a comparison of CI layers with field vegetation information. The results from spatial analysis revealed that the location of CI = ?10 isotherm was approximately 3,381 m a.s.l., within the Abies zone. The analysis of plots showed that vegetation near CI = ?10 isotherm was evergreen coniferous pure forest with 99.9 % relative dominance. The CI = 0 isotherm lay at approximately 2,594 m a.s.l., close to the boundary between the Tsuga–Picea and upper Quercus zones, with the CI = 0 isotherm in the transformation zone between evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved trees. However, the vegetation near CI = 0 isotherm tended more toward coniferous forest showing a total relative dominance of 78.26 %. The two-way cluster dendrogram of vegetation plots revealed identical results. The preceding evidence, combined with the spatial pattern of 3,564 plots along CI and elevation gradients, made it clear that CI did not indicate the upper limit of EBLF in Taiwan. Other information on the CI criterion are discussed. To explore the differentiation of altitudinal vegetation, further research should be made to connect ecoclimatic factors such as effective warmth index with information from vegetation plots.