山羊实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒的抗体应答反应

用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验（ＡＧＩＤＴ）和免疫印迹试验（ＩＢＡ）对山羊实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的抗体应答反应进行了研究。结果,用ＡＧＩＤＴ和ＩＢＡ都可在接毒山羊的血清中检测到ＯＰＰＶ的抗体。ＡＧＩＤＴ最早于接毒后１５ｄ检测到抗体;ＩＢＡ最早于接毒后４ｄ检测到抗ＯＰＰＶ的ｇｐ４４和ｐ２８的抗体,以后又陆续检测到抗ｐ９４、ｐ１４和ｇｐ１２５的抗体。由此看出,ＩＢＡ比ＡＧＩＤＴ更为敏感。本研究结果表明,ＯＰ－ＰＶ可在山羊体内诱生较强的体液免疫应答反应,因此用ＯＰＰＶ通过山羊体传代的方法可能会得到具有良好抗原性的ＯＰＰＶ毒株。     

实验感染山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒的绵羊抗体应答反应的研究

本实验用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验和免疫印迹试验对实验感染山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）的绵羊抗体应答反应进行了研究，用两种方法都可在接毒绵羊的血清中检测到ＣＡＥＶ的抗体。琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验最早可于接毒后的第７周时检测到抗体，免疫印迹试验最早可于接毒后的第６周时检测到抗ＣＡＥＶ的ｇｐ１２５、ｇｐ４４、ｐ３５、ｐ２８和ｐ１４的抗体，这说明免疫印迹试验更为敏感一些。本实验的结果表明ＣＡＥＶ可在绵羊体内诱生明显的体液免疫应答反应，因此用ＣＡＥＶ通过绵羊体传代的方法可能会得到具有良好的抗原性的ＣＡＥＶ毒株，这对于人工培养ＣＡＥＶ强毒是非常重要的。此外，本实验还为ＣＡＥＶ通过绵羊体传代的研究提供了非常实用的检测手段     

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒与山羊关节炎一脑炎病毒的血清学交以应的研究

本实验用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验和免疫印迹试验对实验感染绵羊进行肺性炎病毒的山羊血清与山羊关节炎－脑炎病毒抗原以及实验感染ＣＡＥＶ的棉羊血清与ＯＰＰＶ抗原的交叉反应进行了研究。     

山羊关节炎－脑炎与其相关病的血清学关系

用琼脂扩散法检测，山羊关节炎－脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）抗原与马传染性贫血（ＥＩＡ）阳性血清不发生反应，ＥＩＡＶ抗原与ＣＡＥ阳性血清亦不发生反应．ＣＡＥＶ抗原与绵羊进行性肺炎（ＯＰＰ）阳性血清不发生反应．但ＯＰＰＶ抗原与ＣＡＥ阳性血清发生反应．     

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒对山羊的感染试验

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）感染山羊后可生产琼扩抗体．用ＯＰＰ抗体阳性山羊的肺脏、肝脏分离物在绵羊胎肺细胞上连续培养传代，可出现以多核巨细胞为特征的细胞病变．用其培养物制备的琼扩抗原与抗ＯＰＰＶ标准阳性血清呈阳性反应，与抗马传贫病毒、牛白血病病毒标准阳性血清无交叉反应．电镜观察。病毒粒子大多散在细胞外及胞浆空胞中，以出芽方式增殖，病毒呈球多，直径８０～１２０ｎｍ．用ＯＰＰＶ感染山羊的肝脏分离培养物复归山羊，２个月后４只山羊琼扩抗体全部阳转．     

绵羊进行性肺炎病对山羊的感染试验

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）感染山羊可生产琼扩抗体，用ＯＰＰ抗体阳性山羊的肺脏、肝脏分离物在绵羊胎肺细胞上连续培养传代。可出现以多核巨细胞为特征为细胞病变。用其培养物制备的琼扩抗原与抗ＯＰＰＶ标准阳性血清呈阳性反应，与抗马传贫病毒、牛白血病病毒标准阳性血清无交叉反应，电镜观察，病毒粒子大多散在细胞外及胞浆空胞中，以出芽方式增殖，病毒呈球多，直径８０～１２０ｎｍ，用ＯＰＰＶ感染山羊的肝脏分离培养物     

用山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒实验感染绵羊的研究

用山羊关节炎－脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）接种２只绵羊，３￣４个月后，可观察到接毒绵羊发育迟缓和消瘦，其中１只绵羊在接毒后第８个月出现呼吸困难。未接毒对照绵羊发育正常。用ＣＡＥＶ琼扩抗原检测，２只接毒绵羊于接毒后第７周血清抗体阳转。病理剖检在１只接毒绵羊的多种器官中观察到比较轻微的病变，组织学检查可看到轻微的间质性肺炎、脑膜炎和滑膜炎的病变。实验结果表明，ＣＡＥＶ可感染绵羊，对绵羊有一定的致病性。因此用Ｃ     

山羊关节炎—脑炎与其相关病的血清学关系

用琼脂扩散法检测，山羊关节炎－脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）抗原与马传染性贫血（ＥＩＡ）阳性血清不发生反应，ＥＩＡＶ抗原与ＣＡＥ阳性血清亦不发生反应，但ＯＰＰＶ抗原与ＣＡＥ阳性血清发生反应。     

山羊关节炎—脑炎的研究：3.CAEV89—GB1026毒株的人工感染试验

用ＣＡＥＶ８９－ＧＢ１０２６培养物的澄清液及其超速离心的病毒悬液，经关节－静脉、关节、脑内和口服途径接种土种山羊１９只。以琼扩检测其病毒抗体。感染羊，分别于接种后的第３、５、６和１２周发生血清阳转。４只羊的抗体持续２３周后宰杀，其他羊继续监测。感染羊血清与含犊牛血清的细胞培养液不发生沉淀反应，而与美国ＣＡＥ、国产ＯＰＰ和自制ＣＡＥ琼扩抗原发生沉淀反应。部分羊于接种后５个月出现关节肿大。被宰杀感染羊     

山羊关节炎─脑炎的研究 3．CAEV89－GB1026毒株的人工感染试验

用ＣＡＥＶ８９─ＧＢ１０２６培养物的澄清液及其超速离心的病毒悬液，经关节—静脉、关节、脑内和口服途径接种土种山羊１９只。以琼扩检测其病毒抗体。感染羊，分别于接种后的第３、５、６和１２周发生血清阳转。４只羊的抗体持续２３周后宰杀，其他羊继续监测。感染羊血清与含犊牛血清的细胞培养液不发生沉淀反应，而与美国ＣＡＥ、国产ＯＰＰ和自制ＣＡＥ琼扩抗原发生沉淀反应。部分羊于接种后５个月出现关节肿大。被宰杀感染羊的关节滑膜、肺脏、乳腹等出现ＣＡＥ的特征性病理组织学变化，而对照羊则未见血清学和组织学变化。感染羊的关节滑液接种滑膜细胞单层，其培养液制成琼扩抗原，与感染羊血清又发生了特异性沉淀反应。     

用绵羊进行性肺炎病毒实验感染山羊的研究

用绵羊进行肺炎病毒接种４只山羊３－４个月后，可观察到接毒山羊都出现了发育迟缓和消瘦现象，并有１只山羊山现了明显的临床病症。而未接毒的对照山羊则发育正常。接毒２８ｄ后，可以从接毒山羊的外周血单核细胞中分离到病毒。病理剖检发现４只接毒山羊中有１只山羊的多种器官出现了较为严重的病变，组织学检查则可看到典型的间质性肺炎、中度的脑炎和较为严重的脾炎的症变。以上的结果表明ＯＰＰＶ可以感染山羊，并对山羊有较强的     

The gp135 of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus affords greater sensitivity than the p28 in immunodiffusion serology

The 135,000 mw glycoprotein (gp135) and the 28,000 mw internal protein (p28) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are major viral constituents in precipitin lines formed between crude antigen preparations and sera from infected goats. In testing 307 goat and sheep sera, 118 samples were positive in a gp135 assay and only 82 were positive in a p28 assay. However, some goat sera were found which reacted only with the p28 and therefore testing for antibody against both proteins may be necessary to identify a maximum number of virus infected goats by immunodiffusion.     

An epidemic of caprine arthritis encephalitis in Japan: isolation of the virus

A disease characterized by arthritis of carpal joints and occasionally by pneumonia was seen among goats on a farm in Nagano prefecture of Japan in the summer of 2002. Serological investigation was done on 30 goats, that is one group on the farm by agar gel immunodiffusion tests using maedi-visna virus as the antigen, and 19 goats were positive. The caprine arthritis encephalitis virus genome was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from several antibody-positive goats. Two goats among them were necropsied and used for pathological tests and virus isolation. The isolated virus was serially propagated in fetal lamb lung cell cultures. Goats inoculated with the culture fluid became antibody positive. These results suggested that a CAEV-infected goat had been introduced accidentally to the farm and that subclinical infection occurred among the flock.     

Isolation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus from goats in Mexico.

A lentivirus was isolated from 2 goats in Mexico that were seropositive to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) by the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The lentivirus was identified as CAEV by the observation of giant multinucleated cells (syncytia) in goat synovial membrane (GSM) monolayers co-cultivated with blood mononuclear (BMN) cells from the seropositive goats, and by amplifying a DNA segment of the CAEV gag gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Subsequently, cell supernatants from the GSM cells co-cultivated with BMN cells were used to infect 2 CAEV-seronegative goats. These goats seroconverted to CAEV as determined by the AGID test, and CAEV was re-isolated from these goats. One of the goats developed polyarthritis 8 mo after inoculation. Previous serological surveys indicate that infection with CAEV is prevalent among goats in Mexico. To our knowledge this is the first report of CAEV isolation in Mexico. Because of globalization of markets and increased trading among nations, the rapid identification and reporting of diseases such as CAEV are important to prevent the dissemination of these diseases.     

Seroreactivity of Peruvian sheep and goats to small ruminant lentivirus-ovine progressive pneumonia virus

Sera from 3,369 sheep and 1,394 goats in Peru were examined by agar-gel immunodiffusion for antibodies to ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV). The point prevalence rates for antibodies to OPPV in sheep were 1.7% to 40.6% (mean, 19.02%) in the 7 flocks studied, whereas for goats, the point prevalence rates for antibodies that cross-reacted with OPPV in 12 herds were 0.0% to 45.1%. For sheep, a direct association between increasing age and increasing seroreactivity to OPPV was established, and there was evidence to indicate that lambs born to primiparous ewes and raised separated from all other sheep after they were weaned may have been less likely to become infected with OPPV than those lambs born to multiparous ewes and not separated from other sheep after they were weaned. For goats, antibodies to OPPV were detected in 7 of 12 herds studied, the highest infection rate being present within a herd in the Lima department (district).     

Experimental infection of sheep by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and goats by progressive pneumonia virus

The lentiviruses, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and progressive pneumonia virus (PPV) of sheep, cause major diseases in their respective hosts; however, the infectivity of these viruses for closely related species has not been determined. Experiments were conducted to determine whether CAEV would infect sheep and whether PPV would infect goats. Upon inoculation with CAEV, lambs developed a nonsuppurative arthritis and antibody to CAEV, and the virus was isolated up to 4 months later. Exposure of 3 lambs to CAEV-infected adult goats did not lead to demonstrable infection after 18 months. Young goats inoculated with PPV replicated the virus and developed arthritis and antiviral antibody. These results demonstrate that these distinctly different lentiviruses may infect and cause diseases in species other than their accustomed host. Presently used techniques may not be effective in differentiating which lentivirus is responsible for infection of sheep and goats. Our results also indicate that mixing sheep and goats may adversely influence attempts to eradicate lentiviruses from these species.     

Minimum intravenous infectious dose of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV)

The minimum intravenous infectious dose for ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) WLC1 was determined using twenty-four 6 month-old lambs. Twelve groups of two 6 month-old lambs were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) with tissue culture fluid containing ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) WLC1 titers ranging from 10^7.6 TCID₅₀/lamb down to 10^−3.4 TCID₅₀/lamb and were monitored for seroconversion using the OPPV agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID). Fifteen of the 16 lambs given equal or greater than 10^0.6 TCID₅₀ seroconverted, and virus could be isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes in 13 out of the 15 of these lambs. None of the eight lambs receiving less than 10^0.6 TCID₅₀ seroconverted during the 12 months. The results of this study indicated that 10^0.6 or 4 TCID₅₀/lamb given i.v. was capable of establishing infection.     

绵羊慢病毒自然感染绵羊的硬化性淋巴细胞性乳腺炎

７头来自新疆南部某绵羊慢病毒（ＯｖＬＶ）感染的羊场的绵羊用于本研究。用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散检查绵羊血清中对绵羊进行性肺炎（ＯＰＰ）病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的抗体，结果表明有６例呈阳性，１例阴性，抗体效价在３年中呈下降趋势。４例血清学阳性边菜羊和１例阴性和田羊有不同程度的硬化性（纤维性）淋巴细胞性乳腺炎，小叶内有不等的淋巴细胞浸润，导管周围无淋巴滤泡形成，小叶间大量纤维组织增生。７例的肺、脑、关节、血管均无ＯｖＬＶ性特异性病变。从血清学阳性羊的外周血白细胞中未分离到ＯｖＬＶ。