鸡新城疫卵黄抗体效价动态变化情况研究

选取150日龄健康产蛋母鸡40羽,肌肉注射鸡新城疫Lasota疫苗2倍剂量/羽,10 d后再注射鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活苗4倍剂量/羽,自由采食和饮水。分别收集免疫前、免疫后10、20、30、40和50 d,母鸡所产鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体,测定不同时间卵黄抗体效价。结果发现免疫前卵黄抗体效价较低,鸡新城疫Lasota疫苗免疫后卵黄抗体效价开始缓慢升高,鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活苗加强免疫后卵黄抗体效价大幅度提高,并在二免后20 d卵黄抗体效价达到高峰,维持一段时间后卵黄抗体效价开始逐步下降。表明收集鸡新城疫疫苗二免后20 d左右的鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体效价高。     

不同免疫方法制备IBD卵黄抗体的效果比较

用6种不同的免疫方法接种健康产蛋母鸡所制备的卵黄抗体,用琼扩法测定免疫后不同时期的卵黄抗体效价,并将其作1：4稀释后用于临床治疗试验。结果表明,以第5组(首免肌注自制油乳剂灭活苗2mL／只,一周后同上法二免)效价最高,总有效率达98％以上,12h后症状即见明显好转。     

不同免疫方法制备IBD卵黄抗体的效果比较

用6种不同的免疫方法接种健康产蛋母鸡所制备的卵黄抗体，用琼扩法测定免疫后不同时期的卵黄抗体效价，并将其作1：4稀释后用于临床治疗试验。结果表明，以第5组（首免肌注自制油乳剂灭活苗2ml/只，1周后同上法二免）效价最高，总有效率达98%以上，12h后症状即见明显好转。     

猪链球菌Ⅱ型高免卵黄抗体粉的研制

试验用猪链球菌Ⅱ型CVCC606株制备疫苗免疫产蛋鸡,首免后7d检测到低水平的卵黄抗体,再经3次强化免疫,于末次免疫后7d卵黄抗体效价达到9log2,最高效价达到10log2,高水平卵黄抗体可维持到末次免疫后50d,随后出现下降。收集抗体效价大于9log2的高免蛋卵黄,经喷雾干燥成卵黄抗体粉,效价在10log2以上,卵黄抗体粉质量稳定,于室温(25℃)保存6个月抗体水平无明显降低。体外抑菌试验表明,高免卵黄抗体粉可有效抑制猪链球菌Ⅱ型CVCC606株和猪链球菌II型强毒分离株。高免卵黄抗体粉可有效预防猪链球菌Ⅱ型菌株对BALB/c小鼠的致死性感染。     

鸭坦布苏病毒冻干高免卵黄抗体的研制

本研究用鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活苗三次免疫SPF蛋鸡,收取高免鸡蛋,制备成冻干高免卵黄抗体;用鸡胚中和试验和间接ELISA方法进行效价检测。试验结果显示,第3次免疫后2周,卵黄抗体中和效价为1∶103.5,4、5周达到最高值1∶104.5;间接ELISA方法检测冻干前后的抗体效价结果均为阳性;对鸭坦布苏病毒强毒的攻毒保护率达100%,可为鸭坦布苏病毒的防控提供一种有效的冻干高免卵黄抗体制剂。     

鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体的研制

用DVH弱毒疫苗和DVH油乳剂苗免疫健康高产蛋鸡，可以制备高免卵黄抗体。高免卵黄抗体治疗雏鸭病毒性肝炎疗效的试验表明，用卵黄抗体治疗DVH的疗效取决于卵黄抗体的中和效价及治疗的时间。卵黄抗体的中和效价应达2^8.5以上，并且在感染DVH24h以内对雏鸭进行肌肉注射，免疫效果为最适宜。     

鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体最佳免疫程序及检测方法的筛选

为了获得高效价鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体,试验通过设计免疫程序免疫试验蛋鸡和筛选的卵黄抗体效价检测方法对氯仿法提取的卵黄抗体液进行鸡抗犬瘟热卵黄抗体效价检测并比较,筛选鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体最佳免疫程序,并作无菌与保存条件的探讨。结果表明:血凝及血凝抑制试验可作为鸡抗犬瘟热卵黄抗体效价的检测方法;按照基础免疫、加强免疫、强化免疫均间隔9 d,免疫剂量分别为1 m L/次、2 m L/次、3 m L/次的免疫程序能获得1∶512的鸡抗犬瘟热病毒卵黄抗体血凝抑制效价,为此次探讨的鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体最佳免疫程序,-20℃保存温度适合长期保存氯仿法粗提的鸡抗犬瘟热病毒卵黄抗体液。     

抗鸡病毒性关节炎高免卵黄抗体的制备,检测及应用研究

用鸡病毒性关节炎病毒（ＡＶＡＶ）弱毒株连续免疫产蛋母鸡３次，制备出高免卵黄抗体，其琼效价为１：１２８－１：２５６。卵黄不需任何处理可直接用于试验，用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清和卵黄抗体，免疫后１０ｄ两者的ＡＶＡＶ抗体无明显相关性，免疫后２０－５０ｄ两者抗体效价呈显著相关性，相关系数为０．８６３。免疫防治试验表明，肌注高免卵黄抗体的５日龄肉鸡，可抵抗ＡＶＡＶ强毒的攻击；发生ＡＶＡ的病鸡立即用卵黄抗体治疗     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒卵黄抗体的研制

针对猪传染性胃肠炎病尚无有效的治疗药物,本文研究开发抗猪传染性胃肠炎病毒卵黄抗体,以期为该病的防治提供技术支持.用猪传染性胃肠炎灭活疫苗按程序免疫90～140日龄健康商品海兰褐蛋鸡,三免14天后收集高免蛋进行卵黄抗体提取、ELISA抗体效价检测及攻毒保护试验.高免蛋三免后14天效价可达到1:256,并维持3个月,三免后...     

鸡传染性法氏囊高免卵黄IgY抗体不同提取方法的比较

本试验旨在提高鸡传染性法氏囊卵黄抗体防制鸡传染性法氏囊的效果,比较不同提纯方法对鸡传染性法氏囊高免卵黄抗体效价的影响。制备高免蛋并测定其效价,在实验室通过直接离心法、酸化水提取法、氯仿提取法、聚乙二醇法4种方法分别对高免卵黄抗体提取及抗体效价检测。试验结果表明,自制卵黄抗体效价为1:64;直接离心法的抗体效价为1:128,酸化水提取法的抗体效价为1:16,氯仿提取法抗体效价为1:256,聚乙二醇法的抗体效价是1:32。试验结果显示,使用氯仿提取法后检测的抗体效价最高,是临床提取抗体的常用方法。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.