丁酸对肠道健康的影响

尽管我们很清楚丁酸在动物营养中的功能,但是在不同的胃肠道区段,丁酸对动物的消化功能、肠道微生物菌群组成和免疫应答反应的影响也不相同。     

丁酸及丁酸钠与鱼虾肠道健康的研究进展

水产养殖业朝高密度、集约化方向快速发展增加了水生动物消化道负担,降低肠道健康度和生产力。肠道黏膜屏障功能的完整性是保障肠道健康的基础。丁酸及丁酸钠是重要的膳食补充剂,能够改善肠道屏障功能,维持动物肠道健康,提高动物生产性能。文章综述丁酸及丁酸钠的种类及其与肠道组织结构、肠道物理屏障、肠道菌群、肠道消化能力、肠道抗氧化能力和抗炎能力等相关研究,旨在为丁酸类产品应用于水产养殖,特别是保护鱼虾类肠道健康方面提供参考。     

丁酸梭菌在改善畜禽肠道健康方面的研究进展

丁酸梭菌对胆盐、高温、胃酸均具有较好的耐受性、抗逆性,在保护动物肠道菌群稳定、减少肠道致病菌、增强动物免疫力、降低腹泻率、促进动物机体对日粮的消化吸收、提高生长性能等方面具有较好的作用。文章综述了丁酸梭菌的生物学特性及其对畜禽生产性能的影响,旨为丁酸梭菌在畜牧养殖中的进一步应用提供参考。     

产丁酸菌的产酸机制及其在调控肠道健康中的作用研究进展

复杂和多样化的肠道微生物群落对宿主健康发挥着重要作用。产丁酸菌代表了宿主肠道微生态一个重要的功能性群体,多数为革兰阳性厌氧菌。人们发现,该类菌和微生物失调引发的消化道炎症等现象息息相关,因此产丁酸菌成为行业研究热点。产丁酸菌能够利用食物(饲料)中不易消化的碳水化合物合成丁酸,通过调控肠道菌群结构、为肠道上皮细胞供能、增强肠黏膜屏障功能等维护肠道健康,发挥对宿主健康的有益作用。本文从产丁酸菌的生物学分类、消化道产酸机制、肠道炎症调控作用及应用进展等方面做了系统综述,旨在阐明产丁酸菌与宿主健康的互作机制,并提出产丁酸菌的未来发展方向。     

丁酸对动物肠道影响的研究进展

丁酸属短链脂肪酸,是一种新型的肠道保健剂。在生理条件下,丁酸可提高养分消化率、增加消化酶分泌、调整肠道微生物区系、改善上皮细胞完整性以及增强防御系统功能,从而提高动物生长及生产性能。在消化道内,丁酸可直接或间接促进组织发育及修复。因此丁酸是一种有效的饲料添加剂,尤其可提高初生动物生长性能、控制细菌性病原引起的肠道紊乱疾病。笔者通过总结丁酸在肠道中的生成、丁酸对肠道上皮细胞的影响以及对动物生长性能的影响,综述了丁酸对动物的生物学功能。     

脂质对猪肠道健康影响的研究进展

肠道健康是猪生产中重要问题之一。脂质包含长、中、短链脂肪酸及磷脂、胆固醇等营养物质及植物精油等非营养物质,可被添加到饲粮中保护猪肠道健康,提高猪生产性能。文章综述了脂质对猪肠道形态、肠道内分泌功能、消化吸收能力、屏障功能、免疫功能、菌群、抗氧化能力的作用,以期为脂质在猪生产上的应用提供参考。     

丁酸梭菌对家禽肠道屏障功能的影响

丁酸梭菌作为一种饲料添加剂,是一种可以改善和维护肠道健康的有益菌。目前对丁酸梭菌的应用十分广泛,本文阐述了丁酸梭菌对家禽肠道健康的改善功能,促进动物机体的生长作用和加强动物的免疫功能,以期为丁酸梭菌在家禽上的应用提供参考。     

丁酸梭菌及其代谢产物对畜禽肠道健康影响的研究进展

丁酸梭菌是一种专性厌氧菌,能通过竞争、排斥及替代等作用抑制大肠杆菌等致病菌在肠道中的黏附作用,并由Toll样受体(TLR)介导免疫应答,增强机体免疫力。其主要代谢产物——丁酸是结肠上皮细胞的主要能量物质,能促进结肠上皮细胞增殖,增强肠道屏障功能;其代谢产生的其它物质可以补充机体所需的营养素和提高肠道对饲料中营养物质的消化、吸收与利用率,改善畜禽生产性能。本文就丁酸梭菌及其代谢产物对畜禽肠道屏障和免疫功能的影响及其机制作一综述,旨在为丁酸梭菌新功能的挖掘及调节肠道健康的生产应用提供参考。     

氧化应激对鸡肠道健康的影响研究

氧化应激是当前规模化养鸡生产中普遍存在的问题,严重影响肉鸡生产性能和鸡肉品质.国内外研究表明,氧化应激可通过引发胃肠道功能障碍而降低动物生产性能.本文从氧化应激过程中自由基的产生、氧化应激机理、氧化应激与肠道健康的关系,及抗氧化物质在养鸡生产中的应用进行综述,为探明肠道氧化损伤机理、维护鸡群肠道健康,及进一步开发高效抗氧化物质提供参考.     

Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation on intestinal integrity of heat‐stressed cockerels

Butyrate modulates intestinal epithelial cell structure and function. Three hundred and sixty Lohmann LSL‐Classic layer cockerels were used to investigate the effect of butyrate on heat stress‐induced intestinal injury and intestinal integrity. The experiment was conducted from day 85 to 105 of age. The birds were divided randomly into three treatments: control, heat stress (HS), and heat stress provided with butyrate (HSB) at a level of 0.35 g/kg of diet. The control was reared at 21 ± 1 °C throughout the experiment. The HS and HSB treatments were exposed to a cyclic HS (35 ± 1 °C from 09:00 to 13:00 and 21 ± 1 °C from 13:00 to 09:00). Intestinal and mucosal weights, villus height, villus surface area (VSA), absorptive epithelial cell area and intestinal beneficial bacteria were lower in the HS treatment than in the other two treatments (p < 0.05). Heat‐stressed cockerels exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) villi injury scores and serum endotoxin levels compared with the other treatments. Dietary inclusion of butyrate increased (p < 0.05) intestinal and mucosal weights, villus height, VSA, absorptive epithelial cell area and intestinal beneficial bacteria counts and reduced (p < 0.05) HS‐induced injury in intestinal epithelia as well as intestinal permeability to endotoxin. In conclusion, dietary butyrate exerted protective effects against intestinal damage induced by HS and improved intestinal health and integrity.     

Functional roles of xylanase enhancing intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs by reducing the digesta viscosity and modulating the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum

This study was conducted to investigate the functional roles of an endo-β-1,4-xylanase on the intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. A total of 60 pigs (21 d old, 6.9 ± 0.8 kg body weight [BW]) were allotted based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Dietary treatments had nutrients meeting the requirements with increasing levels of endo-β-1,4-xylanase (0, 220, 440, 880, 1,760 xylanase unit [XU] per kg feed) and fed to pigs in three phases (phases 1, 2, and 3 for 10, 14, and 14 d, respectively). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to the phase 3 diets as an indigestible marker. On day 38, all pigs were euthanized to collect ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID), jejunal digesta to measure viscosity, and jejunal mucosa to evaluate intestinal health. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure for polynomial contrasts and the NLMIXED procedure for broken line analysis of SAS. Increasing xylanase in the nursery diets reduced (linear, P < 0.05) the digesta viscosity in the jejunum. Increasing xylanase tended to reduce the relative abundance of Cupriavidus (P = 0.073) and Megasphaera (P = 0.063); tended to increase the relative abundance of Succinivibrio (P = 0.076) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.060); and had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the relative abundance of Acinetobacter (maximum: 2.01% at 867 XU per kg feed). Xylanase from 0 to 1,087 XU per kg feed reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal malondialdehyde. Xylanase from 0 to 1,475 XU per kg feed increased (P < 0.05) the AID of neutral detergent fiber. Increasing xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the AID of ether extract and tended to increase (P = 0.058) the AID of crude protein. Increasing xylanase did not affect growth performance on overall period, whereas xylanase from 0 to 736 XU per kg feed increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during days 31 to 38. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing digesta viscosity, the relative abundance of potentially harmful bacteria, and the oxidative stress in the jejunal mucosa, collectively enhancing intestinal morphology and the AID of nutrients. Xylanase supplementation at a range of 750 to 1,500 XU per kg feed provided benefits associated with reduced oxidative stress, increased nutrient digestibility, resulting in potential improvement on growth performance of nursery pigs by increasing the average daily feed intake and moderately improving the ADG throughout the last week of feeding.     

Combined effects of xylo-oligosaccharides and coated sodium butyrate on growth performance,immune function,and intestinal physical barrier function of broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), coated sodium butyrate (CSB), and their combination on growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal barrier of broilers. A total of 192 1-day-old chicks were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design including two dietary additives (0 and 150 mg/kg XOS and 0 and 400 mg/kg CSB). This trial lasted for 42 days. CSB supplementation increased the thymus and bursa index, blood myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and IgG and IgM concentrations, whereas adding XOS only improved IgM concentration (p < .05). A significant interaction was observed for MPO activity. Furthermore, broilers fed CSB and their interaction exhibited increased ileal villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) and goblet cells numbers in the ileum, as well as decreased ileal CD (p < .05). Broilers fed XOS and CSB individually showed higher ileal VH, the number of goblet cells in the duodenum and jejunum (p < .05). Moreover, XOS and CSB individual supplementation upregulated the expression of claudin3 in the ileum (p < .05). Simultaneously, a significant interaction was found for the ileal expression of claudin3. Overall, XOS and CSB supplementation could improve the development of immune organs, the small intestine morphology, and the intestinal physical barrier of broilers. Although no clear synergy of XOS and CSB was detected, the combination had positively affect broilers intestinal barrier and immune parameters.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of calcium butyrate on growth performance,carcass traits,intestinal health and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in Japanese quails

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of dietary calcium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits and gut health in Japanese quails. In total, 320 one‐day‐old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to 4 equal treatments, with 8 replicates of 10 Japanese quails, for 4 weeks. The Japanese quails in control treatment were fed control diet whereas in the other treatments the Japanese quails were fed diet supplemented with calcium butyrate at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g/kg diet. Data concerning performance measurements were recorded weekly. In addition, eight Japanese quails (one/replicate) from each treatment were selected randomly for serum collection to measure pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Pooled faecal samples from each replicate of each treatment were also collected at three time points (0, 2 and 4 weeks) for count E. coli and C. perfringens. The results showed that after 7 days of the experimental period, Japanese quails fed calcium butyrate supplemented diet at 0.7 g/kg showed a greater (p < .05) body weight and a favourable (p < .05) feed conversion ratio than the other treatments. Moreover, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased (p < .05) in Japanese quails fed calcium butyrate supplemented diet at 0.7 g/kg. Calcium butyrate supplementation at 0.7 g/kg was associated with reduction (p < .05) in TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL1‐β, while IL‐10 was increased (p < .05). In addition, after 2 weeks of calcium butyrate supplementation, a reduction (p < .05) in E. coli and C. perfringens counts was observed in excreta of Japanese quails fed 0.5 and 0.7 g calcium butyrate/kg diets. It is concluded that calcium butyrate supplementation improves body weight gain, reduces E. coli and C. perfringens counts and has anti‐inflammatory/anti‐oxidant effect in Japanese quails.     

纤维和蛋白质对肠道健康和环境的影响

由于膳食纤维和蛋白质对肠道健康和环境都有潜在的有益或有害影响,因此,膳食纤维和蛋白质在猪肠道中的发酵是一个值得关注的问题.本文综述了近年来有关膳食纤维和蛋白质发酵对猪肠道环境的影响及其对猪粪和猪舍含氮气体和异味排放的影响,同时探讨了蛋白质发酵和相关代谢化合物的生产,与膳食纤维发酵、对肠道健康、细菌蛋白质合成和氮排泄的影...     

家兔营养对肠道健康的影响

本文综述了日粮纤维、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、饲料添加剂对幼兔肠道健康的影响。     

Effects of feeding fat-coated butyrate on mucosal morphology and function in the small intestine of the pig

As shown earlier, pig rations with high starch and purine content initiate mucosal hypertrophy by stimulating mitotic activity and DNA formation in the small intestine, whereas in the colon butyrate inhibits apoptosis and thus increases crypt depth. It was the aim of this study to combine these effects by targeting fat-coated butyrate into the small intestine where it usually does not occur, and to investigate effects on mucosal development and function. Three groups of five pigs were fed 3.6 kg/day of either a low-energy ration [deficit group, 6.6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg] or a high-energy ration (13.7 MJ ME/kg) that was supplemented with brewing yeast as a source of purines. The third ration was of high energy and contained purines and was additionally supplemented with coated butyrate (13.5 MJ ME/kg; 29 g calcium butyrate/kg). Rations were fed for 5 days. After killing, tissue samples were obtained from the proximal, medial and distal parts of jejunum for histology. Chyme samples were obtained from the ileum of all animals and used for sucrase determination. Villus size was not changed by feeding, but butyrate had an effect on plica height and area mainly in the medial jejunum. Plica area in the butyrate group (4.2 mm(2)) was significantly higher (p 相似文献   

丁酸钠和芽孢杆菌制剂联用对彭县黄鸡屠宰性能、脂肪酸及肠道菌群的影响

为比较添加不同浓度丁酸钠和枯草芽孢杆菌单用和联用对地方家禽彭县黄鸡屠宰性能、脂肪酸、肠道菌群的影响,试验选取健康且体重相近的100日龄彭县黄鸡(公鸡)共288羽,随机分成四个组,每组四个重复,每个重复18羽。Y0为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Y1、Y2、Y3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%丁酸钠、0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌、0.05%丁酸钠+0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌。152日龄屠宰,测定屠宰性能、腿肌脂肪酸含量和盲肠菌群含量和pH。结果表明:日粮中添加0.05%的丁酸钠能提高活重、腹脂重,较对照组分别提高3.50%、369.30%(P<0.05);降低腺胃率、致病菌沙门氏菌的数量,较对照组分别降低18.75%、83.58%(P<0.05)。日粮中添加0.03%的枯草芽孢杆菌能提高活重、肌胃重、肌胃率(P<0.05),较对照组分别提高4.3%、17.08%、16.33%;降低饱和脂肪酸中的硬脂酸C18:0含量,较对照组降低18.39%(P<0.05)。日粮中添加0.05%丁酸钠+0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌能降低屠体重、全净膛重、全净膛率和半净膛率,较对照组分别降低2.52%、6.95%、8.29%、6.90%(P<0.05);提高肌胃重、γ-亚油酸C18:3n6的水平、双歧杆菌数量,较对照组分别提高15.52%、31.25%、652.19%(P<0.05)。综上,单独添加0.05%丁酸钠、0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌均能在提高屠宰性能、改善肠道微生物菌群、改善肉质脂肪酸水平方面起到有利作用,而二者联用并不理想。     

低聚果糖对畜禽肠道健康影响的研究进展

低聚果糖作为益生元的代表性物质,因为特殊的理化性质,添加于饲料中具有防水防霉等优势。低聚果糖可选择性被肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等有益菌利用促进其增殖,而对大肠杆菌等有害菌具有抑制作用。低聚果糖除能通过促进生长、降低腹泻和死亡率等来改善畜禽生产性能,还能通过调控肠道菌群、肠道发酵、维持肠黏膜形态和提高机体免疫等来促进畜禽肠道健康。本文对低聚果糖在畜禽肠道健康方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在为其在饲料中的开发利用提供应用和理论依据。[关键词] 低聚果糖|畜禽|肠道健康     

The effect of raw and roasted soybeans on intestinal health,diet digestibility,and pancreas weight of broilers

Soybeans have high protein and energy content; however, they also contain antinutritional factors that limit inclusion in feeds for nonruminant animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of feeding raw (RFFS), deactivated (DFFS), or over-heated (OFFS) full-fat soybeans on the intestinal health, diet digestibility, and pancreas weight of broilers. One hundred twenty broilers were fed diets containing 15% DFFS, 10% DFFS + 5% RFFS, 15% RFFS, or 10% DFFS + 5% OFFS; data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test. Broilers fed 15% RFFS presented higher goblet cell counts and sialic acid levels compared with those fed diets containing DFFS and OFFS. Intestinal villi were shorter in birds fed 15% RFFS than those fed 10% DFFS + 5% RFFS. The coefficient of apparent digestibility of nutrients was affected by the dietary treatments. The pancreas of the broilers fed the diets containing RFFS was significantly heavier of those fed DFFS or OFFS. The intestinal integrity, as well as pancreas structure, is impaired by the inclusion of RFFS in broiler diets. Conversely, soybean over-heating hinders nutrient utilization by broilers.