蜘蛛酶对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

试验旨在研究蜘蛛酶对泌乳奶牛的生产性能、血清理化特性的影响。试验根据泌乳奶牛体重、泌乳天数与产奶量相近或相似的原则,选用40头泌乳后期奶牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每天饲喂分别添加10 g/头、15 g/头和20 g/头蜘蛛酶的试验饲粮。结果显示:对照组、试验组的日均产奶量分别降低5.58%,4.87%,2.58%,4.78%;饲粮中添加蜘蛛酶后,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的乳体细胞数显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组Ⅲ乳糖率显著提高了4.06%;试验组Ⅰ的乳尿素氮含量显著降低(P0.05);其他各指标无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明,添加蜘蛛酶在一定程度上可以促进奶牛产奶量,改善乳品质,并且不会对泌乳奶牛血清生化产生不良影响,推荐蜘蛛酶在泌乳奶牛中的添加量为10 g/(头·d)。     

日粮TMR中添加酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能的影响

试验研究在日粮TMR中添加酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能的影响,选择产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数相近的高产泌乳奶牛200头,随机分成2组,对照组和试验组采用同一TMR配方日粮,试验组每天早班向TMR日粮车中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6,前7 d平均添加量160 g/(头·d),接下来5 d平均添加量120 g/(头·d),之后每天平均添加量100 g/(头·d)。结果表明:在高产泌乳奶牛全混合日粮TMR中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6,能促进奶牛瘤胃消化、提高饲料转化率、改善粪便性状;能提高奶牛产奶量,试验组奶牛的平均产奶量比对照组多7.81 kg/(头·d),同比提高28%(P0.01);添加酵母培养物能够提高饲料转化率,增加养殖户的经济效益。     

日粮添加酵母培养物对奶牛泌乳性能和血清炎症指标的影响

文章旨在探究日粮添加酵母培养物对奶牛泌乳性能和血清炎症指标的影响，试验将90头胎次、体况、泌乳量接近的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组，每组5个重复，每个重复6头泌乳奶牛。在其基础日粮中分别添加0 g/d的酵母培养物（对照组）、25 g/d的酵母培养物（试验组1）、50 g/d的酵母培养物（试验组2）。试验为期30 d，分别在第0、15、30天对各试验组奶牛进行泌乳性能与血清炎症指标检测。结果表明，在第15～30天内，两试验组奶牛与对照组相比表现出更高的产奶量、乳蛋白和更低的体细胞数（P<0.05），同时泌乳性能的提高与酵母培养物添加量呈正相关。在血清炎症指标方面，酵母培养物以剂量依赖的方式可以增加试验组奶牛血清中免疫球蛋白（IgM、IgG）及白细胞介素2(IL-2)等含量。结果证实，日粮添加酵母培养物可以提高奶牛泌乳性能、奶品质和血清抗炎症指标，并且表现出剂量依赖效应。     

“奶宝丸”对奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响

为了研究"奶宝丸"对奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响,试验选择泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛20头,采用完全随机试验设计分为试验组和对照组,每组10头,试验组奶牛在传统饲喂的基础上添加"奶宝丸",对照组按照传统方法进行饲喂。结果表明:试验组奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白和乳脂率显著高于对照组(P0.05),乳糖、乳固形物和乳非脂固形物与对照组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。说明采用中草药组方制成的丸型剂具有刺激泌乳奶牛分泌乳汁的作用,在泌乳中期奶牛饲料中添加"奶宝丸"可有效提高奶牛的产奶量,改善乳品质。     

饲粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对奶牛泌乳性能及牛奶质量的影响。试验选择77头泌乳后期澳洲荷期坦奶牛,分为2组,试验组(A组)饲养在43舍,每头奶牛饲喂NCG 20 g/d;对照组(B组)饲养在15舍,日粮中未添加NCG。通过40 d的试验,表明日粮中添加NCG可有效抑制泌乳阶段奶牛泌乳量的递减速度,提高牛奶中乳脂率和蛋白率,有改善奶牛泌乳性能的功效。     

酵母培养物对泌乳奶牛生产性能、表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

文章旨在探究日粮中添加酵母培养物(YC)对泌乳奶牛生产性能、表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响,试验以30头生产性能相似的泌乳中期奶牛为研究对象,分为对照组(15头)和试验组(15头).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加YC100 g/d·头.结果表明:(1)试验组奶牛DM与NDF消化率显著高于对照组;(2)试验组...     

日粮中添加不同浓度的延胡索酸对奶牛生产性能及消化代谢率的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同浓度的延胡索酸对泌乳中后期奶牛生产性能及消化代谢率的影响,研究选择产犊日期、胎次、产奶量、体重相同或相近的泌乳中后期中国荷斯坦奶牛20头进行了试验.结果表明:在泌乳中后期奶牛日粮中添加延胡索酸,添加量为40,80,120 g/d的试验组比对照组产奶量分别提高0.22,0.74,0.81 kg/d,...     

日粮中的Zn、Cu和Mn螯合物以及硫酸盐形式对奶牛的影响

芬兰动物营养和饲料部门的Djamroz等利用90头奶牛在其产犊前6周到泌乳的第305天进行试验。试验随机分为3组，均饲喂动物含有不同形式的Zn化合物及添加Cu和M13的矿物质混合物。对照组中的微量元素以硫酸盐的形式添加；试验组中每天所需的20％或30％的微量元素以螯合物的形式添加。     

不同类型过瘤胃脂肪对泌乳前期奶牛体况及生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究添加3种过瘤胃脂肪(脂肪酸钙、氢化脂肪和分馏脂肪)对泌乳前期奶牛体况、生产性能和经济效益的影响。试验选用处于分娩后,年龄、胎次、体重相近且上一胎次平均日泌乳量为33 kg的健康荷斯坦奶牛48头,随机分为4组,每组12头。对照组饲喂基础TMR日粮,3个试验组分别在奶牛分娩后于基础日粮中每头牛每天添加脂肪酸钙、氢化脂肪和分馏脂肪500 g,试验期为90 d。结果表明:泌乳前期各组奶牛干物质采食量差异均不显著(P0.05);产后60 d、90 d各试验组奶牛的体况评分均极显著地高于对照组(P0.01);各试验组奶牛泌乳前期产奶量有提高的趋势(0.05P0.1);各组乳脂率差异均不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比,日粮中添加脂肪酸钙和分馏脂肪极显著地降低了泌乳前期的乳蛋白率(P0.01),而氢化脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05);3个试验组泌乳前期的经济效益平均每头牛每天分别增加15.75、15.70和16.62元。因此,3种过瘤胃脂肪产品的添加在一定程度上改善了泌乳前期奶牛体况,提高了产奶量,增加了经济效益。     

玉米秸不同利用方式对奶牛产奶量的影响

为分析农区青贮玉米秸和干玉米秸对奶牛产奶量的影响,选取泌乳前期的健康奶牛30头,按照胎次、泌乳天数和产量相同或相似的原则进行配对。试验组和对照组精饲料、青干草组成相同,试验组添加青贮玉米秸,对照组添加干玉米秸和小麦秸,一次性投喂,试验期180d。结果表明,试验组每头每日产奶量比对照组平均高2.54kg,差异显著(P<0.05)。可见,青贮玉米秸能比较好地维持泌乳高峰,增加产奶量,且宜在晚上饲喂。     

N1型纳豆芽孢杆菌对泌乳期奶牛产奶量及乳品质的影响

试验旨在研究N1型纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis natto)对泌乳期奶牛生产性能及乳品质的影响。试验选用泌乳期、胎次、产奶量、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛36头,试验设计采用完全随机区组设计,分成3个处理组,分别是试验1组添加N1型纳豆芽孢杆菌固体制剂30 g,试验2组添加N1型纳豆芽孢杆菌固体制剂60 g,对照组不添加。试验期为60 d,预试期10 d,分别在试验期的0、30、60 d采集奶样,每周测定1次产奶量。试验结果表明,日粮中添加N1型纳豆芽孢杆菌能够提高产奶量、提高乳脂校正乳产量（P<0.05）;提高乳脂含量、乳蛋白含量、干物质含量,提高乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量（P<0.05）、干物质产量（P<0.05）,对乳糖含量没有影响;牛奶中体细胞数有降低趋势。     

Effects of Forage Species on Milk Protein Production by Lactating Dairy Cows

Eighteen multiparous early lactation Holstein cows were assigned to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 28-d periods to evaluate milk protein production potential when corn silage (CS) or small grain silage (SGS) was added to diets based on alfalfa silage (AS). Treatments consisted of all AS, a mixture of AS and CS, or a mixture of AS and SGS. Treatment diets were isonitrogenous, isofibrous, and contained maximal amounts of carbohydrates to challenge the milk protein production of cows under intensive milk production systems fed these forages. Lactation performance, milk composition, nutrient intakes, and diet digestibilities were measured. There were no significant differences in milk yield of the cows fed diets containing AS, CS, or SGS. Cows fed diets containing all AS-produced milk with a higher fat percentage than did cows fed CS, and cows fed diets containing all AS produced more milk fat and protein than cows fed CS or SGS. There were no significant differences in the percentage of casein, whey protein, or true protein in milk when cows were fed AS, CS, or SGS. There were also no significant differences in the percentage or production of lactose or solids-not-fat when cows were fed diets containing different silages. Similarly, there were no significant differences in DMI or dietary DM digestibility by cows when fed diets containing different silages. Data suggest that adding CS or SGS to AS-based diets does not improve DMI, lactation performance, or milk protein production of lactating cows.     

奶牛泌乳盛期补饲碘的效果

选用１５头泌乳盛期荷斯坦牛，采用对比试验研究日粮中添加碘对奶牛产奶量的影响，结果是：补饲Ｋ１１５和２５ｍｇ／头．日组的日平均奶量分别比对照组高３．４９千克（Ｐ＜０．０５）和２．７６千克（Ｐ＜０．０５）。两个试验组之间日平均奶量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。三个组牛血清中Ｔ４和Ｔ３浓度无明显差异。     

Use of bovine somatotropin at the time of surgery for left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows. Minnesota Dairy Practitioners Study Group

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a single dose of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on certain metabolic values, health, and milk production of dairy cows undergoing surgery for left displacement of the abomasum. DESIGN: Blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS: 413 cows with left displacement of the abomasum. PROCEDURE: A single 500-mg dose of bST was administered to dairy cows following surgery in field practice conditions for left displacement of the abomasum. A placebo of the same carrier without bST was administered to control cows in this blinded study. Metabolic and production responses in a short-term follow-up period were measured. RESULTS: Blood glucose concentrations in cows 3 to 5 days after surgery were statistically higher for treated cows than for control cows. A higher proportion of treated cows had improved urine ketone test results than did controls. Significant differences in other metabolic values, health, and milk production were not detected. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Treatment of metabolically compromised cows with bST may have some positive effects, but further investigation is needed to confirm therapeutic value.     

The effect of Tritrichomonas foetus infection on calving rates in beef cattle

SUMMARY The effect of Tritrichomonas foetus var. brisbane infection on calf production by Hereford cows was determined. The mean number of calves produced by cows that were kept continuously with bulls infected with T. foetus for 3 years was 17.6% less than the mean number produced by cows kept with a non-infected bull. Losses in production due to trichomoniasis occurred each year, but were greatest in the first 2 years in cows experiencing infection for the first time.     

Association between exposure to Neospora caninum and milk production in dairy cows

OBJECTIVE: To determine association between exposure to Neospora caninum and milk production in dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. Animals: 565 Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were classified as seropositive or seronegative to N. caninum within 7 days after calving by use of a kinetic ELISA. Milk production was compared between seropositive and seronegative cows. RESULTS: On the basis of 305-day mature equivalent milk production data, seropositive cows produced less milk (2.8 lb/cow per day) than did seronegative cows. In addition, analysis of results throughout the first 300 days of lactation revealed that after adjusting for effects of lactation number, calving season, clinical mastitis, and lameness, milk weight of seropositive cows was 2.5 lb/cow per day less than that of seronegative cows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Exposure to N. caninum was associated with a 3 to 4% decrease in milk production. A decrease in milk production of 800 lb/cow for a typical 305-day lactation represents a loss of $128/cow.     

Risk factors for abomasal displacement in dairy cows.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether various periparturient events or 305-day milk production during the previous lactation period were associated with abomasal displacement in dairy cows. DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study. ANIMALS: 75 pairs of case and control cows from 3 university-owned and 3 commercial dairy herds. PROCEDURE: Cows with abomasal displacement were matched with control cows on the basis of herd of origin, breed, age, and calving date. Frequency of specific periparturient events during the period from 2 weeks prior to parturition to diagnosis of abomasal displacement, as well as milk production during the preceding lactation period, were compared between case and control cows. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses indicated that case cows were significantly more likely to have had retained placenta, ketosis, a stillborn calf, metritis, twins, or parturient paresis than were control cows. Dystocia, mastitis, and milk production during the previous lactation period were not associated with abomasal displacement. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results indicated that a variety of periparturient events were associated with development of abomasal displacement among dairy cows.     

Effects of subclinical bovine leukemia virus infection on some production parameters in a dairy farm in southern Turkey

Some production parameters of seropositive cows (age, first calving age, 305 day mature equivalent last milk yield production, lifetime mature equivalent milk yield production, lifetime total milk production, lifetime total milking period, lifetime monthly milk production, lifetime daily milk production, lifetime total days of milking, number of inseminations per pregnancy (for last pregnancy), number of calves and calving interval (for last pregnancy)) were analysed in the current study. The study population was clinically healthy Holstein cows from a commercial dairy herd in southern Turkey. Of 109 animals, 65 cows were seropositive by ELISA and the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection was 59.6%. The prevalence of seropositive cows in 2nd (62.8%), 3rd (64.7%), 4th (61.5%), and 5th (66.6 %) lactations was slightly higher than that of cows in 1st (52.6%) lactations. No statistical differences were observed between BLV seronegative and seropositive cows for production and reproduction parameters analysed in this study (P > 0.05).     

Effects of feeding frequency on the performance and welfare of mature Hereford cows and their progeny

A study was conducted to assess the effects of daily feeding (D) vs. feeding every third day (3D) on the performance of suckler cows and calves. In treatment 3D, the cows received the entire three-day feed portion on the first feeding day. The feeding regimens were imposed during the indoor feeding period in cold circumstances with grass silage and hay offered in the proportions of 1 : 1 on an energy basis for the cows. Thirty-two mature Hereford cows with an initial live weight (LW) of 787 kg and body condition score (BCS) of 3.33 were selected for the experiment. The experiment consisted of a winter feeding period and a grazing period averaging 225 and 96 days, respectively. Indoors the cows received a daily average 94 MJ metabolizable energy. The in vivo digestibility of dietary organic matter was similar in both treatments. No significant differences between the treatments were observed in cow LW, BCS, milk production and calf LW. Thirty-one cows were observed to be pregnant after the mating period. In the 3D treatment the serum concentrations of urea and long-chain fatty acids were increased on the third day after feeding compared to first and second days throughout the experiment, possibly due to activation of lipolysis and proteolysis. The 3D cows spent on average more (P < 0.001, 9.1% vs. 4.5%) time lying and less time (P < 0.05, 32.9% vs. 40.1%) outdoors than the D cows. On the basis of the results, feeding every third day is an acceptable winter feeding strategy for mature suckler cows if the cows receive enough energy for maintenance and milk production.     

TMR中不同长度的苜蓿干草对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳奶牛TMR中添加不同长度的苜蓿干草对奶牛采食及产奶性能的影响。采用3个3×3拉丁方试验研究了TMR中苜蓿干草长度分别为1、3、5 cm时对3头头胎及6头经产泌乳奶牛的采食及产奶性能的影响。结果表明:TMR中的苜蓿干草长度变化对奶牛的DM采食量无显著影响(P0.05);当苜蓿干草长度从1 cm增加到3 cm和5 cm时,奶牛的NDF、ADF及peNDF摄入量均显著增加(P0.05);3 cm和5 cm长度的苜蓿干草较1 cm的能显著提高奶牛4%FCM产奶量、产奶效率及乳脂率(P0.05)。结果提示,泌乳奶牛TMR中苜蓿干草以较长的5 cm为宜;较长的苜蓿干草不影响奶牛的干物质采食量,能增加其有效纤维的摄入量,提高其4%FCM产奶量、产奶效率及乳脂率。