Changes in antioxidative system and membrane damage of lettuce in response to salinity and boron toxicity

Individual and combined effects of salinity and B toxicity on growth, the major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities, ascorbic acid, proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, and stomatal resistance (SR), malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability (MP) and the concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and boron (B) of lettuce were investigated. Boron toxicity and salinity reduced growth of lettuce plants. Under B toxicity, B concentration of the plants was increased, but in the presence of NaCl, the concentration of B was significantly reduced. Sodium and Cl concentrations were increased in B + NaCl and NaCl treatments. Membrane damage was more pronounced in NaCl and B + NaCl treatments. Stomatal resistance of the plants was significantly increased by salinity treatments. The accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid was the highest in the B + NaCl treatment. In general, stress conditions significantly increased H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and APX) activities. The present results indicate that stomatal closure is an important response of lettuce against NaCl and B + NaCl stress. Furthermore NaCl and B + NaCl toxicity-induced oxidative stress in lettuce resulting in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities and also accumulation of ascorbic acid and proline are involved in order to overcome B- and NaCl-induced oxidative stress.     

Effect of silicon on antioxidant and stomatal response of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) rootstocks grown in boron toxic,saline and boron toxic-saline soil

We investigated individual and combined effects of B toxicity and salinity in the presence or absence of silicon on the shoot growth, concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B) and silicon (Si), and stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), proline accumulation, H₂O₂ accumulation and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity grapevine rootstocks of 41B (V. Vinifera × V. Berlandieri) and 1103P (V. Berlandieri × V. Rupestris). Applied Si counteracted the deleterious effects of salinity and boron toxicity on shoot growth by lowering the accumulation of Na in 1103P, and B and Cl in the both rootstocks. Stomatal resistance, MDA, and the concentrations of H₂O₂ and proline were higher in the plants grown in conditions of B toxicity, salinity and their combination while applied Si lowered these parameters. Lowering SOD and CAT but increasing APX, Si treatment significantly affected the enzyme activities of both rootstocks. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates the adverse effects of salinity, B toxicity and combined salinity-B toxicity on grapevine rootstocks by preventing both oxidative membrane damage and translocation of Na and B from root to shoots and/or soil to plant, and also lowering the phytotoxic effects of Na and B within plant tissues. When considering the antioxidative response and membrane systems, it was concluded that the rootstock 1103P was responsive to Si under stress conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that Si improves the combined salt and B tolerance of grapevine grown under saline, B toxic, and B toxic and saline conditions which describes membrane related parameters and antioxidant responses.     

Effect of CaCl2 treatment on the acclimatisation of mericlone seedlings of Cattleya and Phalaenopsis

Summary

To increase resistance to environmental stress during the acclimatisation of mericlone seedlings of Cattleya and Phalaenopsis, seedlings were treated with CaCl₂. The effectiveness of CaCl₂ treatment on acclimatisation was determined by investigating the levels of anti-oxidative enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the amounts of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA), the net rate of photosynthesis (A), and the area of leaf-burn caused by high temperature injury. The activities of four anti-oxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)] in mericlone seedlings of Cattleya and Phalaenopsis increased with CaCl₂ treatment. The highest increase was in the treatment with 4 mM CaCl₂. Mericlone seedlings treated with 4 mM CaCl₂ had increased SOD, CAT, APX, and POD activities compared with the controls after 35 d of acclimatisation in a greenhouse. The levels of superoxide anions (O₂^?–) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were also low. In line with this, any decrease in chlorophyll content, increase in MDA content, drop in A, or injury due to high temperature stress were mitigated by CaCl₂ treatment. These results show that CaCl₂ treatment is effective for the acclimatisation of mericlone seedlings of Cattleya and Phalaenopsis by increasing their resistance to environmental stress.     

转YHem1 番茄植株耐盐性的研究

 YHem1是一个由拟南芥HemA1启动子（一种光响应型启动子）控制的酿酒酵母菌5–氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）合酶基因（Hem1）。将该基因转化番茄植株,可以提高叶片内源ALA含量及其代谢能力,增加叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,并降低产生速率和丙二醛（MDA）含量。200 mmol ·L^-1 NaCl处理,降低了野生型番茄叶片ALA合成与代谢能力和叶绿素含量,同时诱导叶片产生速率、H₂O₂和丙二醛（MDA）含量上升,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等抗氧化酶活性则逐渐降低。盐胁迫也导致转YHem1番茄ALA合成与代谢能力、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性下降,但其降幅明显低于野生型。盐处理10 d后,转基因番茄植株保持着较高的生物学积累量和较低的盐胁迫抑制程度,说明转入YHem1基因可以提高番茄耐盐性。此外,转基因番茄叶片H₂O₂含量始终保持较高水平,暗示其可能作为一种信号分子参与细胞生理调节。     

Antioxidant and stomatal responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to boron toxicity

Although of considerable agronomic importance, our understanding of B toxicity mechanism in plants is still not completely understood, and remains an open question. Therefore, we investigated the effect of increasing levels of B (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg kg⁻¹) on the growth, boron (B) concentrations, stomatal resistance, lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability (MP), lypoxygenase activity (LOX), proline (PRO) and H₂O₂ accumulation, and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Kalecik Karasi) grafted on 5BB rootstock (V. berlandieri × V. riparia) was investigated. Applied toxic levels of B significantly reduced leaf and root growth and increased the B concentration of the leaf, and stem, bark and root of rootstock. In the all B levels leaf tissues of grapevine accumulated more B than that of the other plant parts. In order to restrict excessive uptake of B, stomatal resistance of the leaves increased especially at high B treatments (20 and 30 mg kg⁻¹). The concentrations of H₂O₂, MDA and membrane permeability were increased as the result of B toxicity while proline and the activity of lypoxygenase were decreased. Compared with control plants, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased by B treatments while the activity of APX was decreased. To our knowledge, this is the first report that B toxicity elevated the antioxidant enzymes to protect the membrane functions from reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury in grapevine and it was hoped that this study would provide a basis for developing strategies for reducing the risks associated with B toxicity.     

H2O2 degradation is suppressed in kumquat leaves infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

We found in a previous study that after leaves of kumquat [Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle] cv ‘Nagami’ were inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased to promote higher H₂O₂ concentrations that coincided with a 4-fold decline in Xac populations ( Kumar et al., 2011a). The objective of the current study was to determine how activities and isoforms of important enzymes that catabolize H₂O₂, specifically catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), and the Class III peroxidases (POD) that are located in the apoplast, change in infected kumquat leaves to affect concentration and compartmentalization of H₂O₂. DAB (3,3-diaminobenzidine) staining of the Xac-infected leaves confirmed higher overall concentration of H₂O₂ as in our earlier study. One day after inoculation (dai), APOD activity declined below the controls and declines steadily up to 10 dai when the experiment was terminated. CAT activity was similar to the controls until 4 dai then declined rapidly to about 60% the activity of the controls by 6 dai, after which it remained fairly constant until 10 dai. There were 4 CAT isoforms in control leaves and 5 isoforms in infected leaves. The CAT-1 isoform band was much smaller in infected plants than the control at all sampling times. The CAT-3 isoform band disappeared at 10 dai. The CAT-5 isoform band, which was not observed in control leaves, appeared only at 4 dai in infected leaves. POD activity of infected leaves increased above the controls starting 1 dai and reached a maximum of about 3-fold higher than the controls 8 dai after which it declined. Two POD isoforms were detected in control and infected plants. This study demonstrated that the higher accumulation of H₂O₂ in kumquat leaves infected with Xac was promoted during pathogenesis first by the suppression of APOD activity and later by suppression of CAT activity. We propose that the higher SOD and lower APOD and CAT activities in the symplast contributed H₂O₂ substrate for the higher POD activity in the apoplast, which is known to be involved in plant defense against pathogens.     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

水杨酸对镍胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生理活性的影响

试验研究水杨酸(SA)对镍(Ni)胁迫下甜瓜幼苗膜系统、光合系统和抗氧化酶系统的变化规律。结果表明:Ni胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT活性、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量上升,叶绿素含量下降;水杨酸处理显著提高了Ni胁迫下甜瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素含量,降低了游离脯氨酸、MDA含量;水杨酸能够减轻Ni对甜瓜幼苗的伤害。     

Silicon mediates changes to some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under B toxicity

The effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on the growth, boron (B) uptake, stomatal conductance, lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability, lipoxygenase activity (LOX), proline and H₂O₂ accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (AA) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) of spinach were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Spinach plants were grown with 0 or 30 mg kg⁻¹ B combined with 0 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ Si. The severity of leaf symptoms of B toxicity was lower when the plants were grown with 150 mg kg⁻¹ Si. Silicon supplied to the soil with high B counteracted the deleterious effects of B on root and shoot growth. Application of B significantly increased B concentration in shoot and in root tissues. However, Si decreased B concentration in the shoots but increased it in the roots. Shoot tissues of spinach contained higher B than the roots in all treatments. Applied Si increased the Si concentration of the root and shoot. Stomatal conductance of the plants was decreased by B, but was increased by Si. The concentrations of H₂O₂ and proline were increased by B toxicity but were decreased by Si applied to plants. Boron toxicity increased the membrane permeability, MDA content and LOX activity of excised leaves of spinach. Applied Si ameliorated the membrane deterioration significantly. Compared with control plants, the activities of AA, SOD, CAT and APX in B-stressed plants without Si applied increased, and application of Si decreased their activities under toxic B conditions. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates B toxicity by preventing oxidative membrane damage and also translocation of B from root to shoots. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of Si in improving B tolerance in spinach.     

Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves

To elucidate the physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigated by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) further, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv Lvfeng no. 6 were subjected to two temperatures (42/38 and 25/18 °C) after pretreatment with 1.5 mM H₂O₂. We investigated whether exogenous H₂O₂ could protect chloroplast ultrastructure under heat stress (42/38 °C) and whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The heat condition disintegrated the membranes of 71.4% chloroplasts in the leaf cells and resulted in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H₂O₂. When H₂O₂ pretreatment was combined with the heat stress, the abnormal chloroplasts occurred at a rate of 33.3%, and the contents of MDA and endogenous H₂O₂ were decreased. Heat stress and exogenous H₂O₂ both increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The combined effect of heat stress and H₂O₂ pretreatment led to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), GSH-Px, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in comparison to the heat treatment alone. We propose that exogenous H₂O₂ increases antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves, decreases lipid peroxidation, and thus protects the ultrastructure of chloroplasts under heat stress.     

钙对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）品种‘津春2号’为材料,采用Hogland营养液栽培研究了Ca2+对盐（NaCl）胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧阴离子（）产生速率以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫处理下,黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白和MDA含量、产生速率以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于对照;营养液中加入Ca2+（8 mmol • L-1）后,幼苗体内可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性进一步提高,而MDA含量和的产生速率降低;而营养液缺钙处理下幼苗体内MDA和产生速率进一步提高,可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性较盐胁迫降低。可见外源Ca2+可通过促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗植株体内抗氧化酶活性的提高,降低膜脂过氧化水平,减缓盐胁迫对植株的伤害,从而增强对盐胁迫的适应性。     

番茄果实成熟衰老过程中果肉和种子活性氧代谢的变化

 以番茄(Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. ) 果肉及种子为试材, 研究了活性氧(O₂^·和H₂O₂ ) 及抗氧化酶( SOD、CAT、GR、APX) 活性在果实成熟衰老过程中的变化。结果表明, 在果实成熟衰老过程中, 种子中O₂^·产生速率及H₂O₂ 含量显著高于同时期的果肉, 且H₂O₂ 含量在粉红期后大幅度增加。种子中SOD、CAT、GR活性高于同时期的果肉, APX活性则无显著差异。果实成熟初期CAT活性随H₂O₂ 的积累逐渐增强, 果实成熟后期CAT活性急剧下降, APX及GR仍具有一定活性。种子MDA含量峰值出现早于果肉, 且峰值是果肉中的115倍。种子中活性氧的产生能力高于果肉, 种子中高浓度的活性氧含量可能与果实的成熟衰老过程有关, H₂O₂ 可能是启动果实衰老的一个重要因子。     

脱毒骏枣幼树叶片活性氧代谢的研究

 大田自然生长条件下脱毒骏枣幼树叶片的超氧阴离子(O₂ ·) 生成速率、过氧化氢(H₂O₂ ) 、丙二醛(MDA) 、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH) 、抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量以及超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 活性的变化规律与对照未脱毒骏枣幼树叶片相应各指标的变化规律基本一致。生长前期脱毒骏枣幼树叶片的O₂ ·生成速率、H₂O₂、MDA含量以及SOD、POD、CAT、GR、APX活性都低于对照, 并且随着树体的不断生长, 差异越来越明显。后期除O₂· 生成速率、H₂O₂、MDA含量仍显著低于对照外, 其它各指标均显著高于对照。脱毒幼树叶片的AsA含量在整个生长期都高于对照, 前期差异不显著, 中后期差异显著。试验结果表明,脱毒骏枣与未脱毒骏枣相比具有较低的活性氧水平和较强的活性氧清除能力, 在生长后期表现出较强的抗性。     

Exogenous paraquat changes antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in drought-stressed cucumber leaves

In order to examine whether paraquat modifies the functioning of antioxidants and oxidative stress levels in drought-stressed plants, a cucumber cultivar (Cucumis sativus cv. Yuexiu no. 3) was grown hydroponically for 2 days. Drought stress, which was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), increased the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O₂⁻) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in cucumber leaves, while pretreatment of paraquat decreased them. Under drought stress induced by PEG, we observed the decreased contents of MDA, H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ in paraquat-pretreated plants in comparison to unpretreated stressed plants. Drought stress and paraquat both increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced ascorbate (AsA). But the combined effect of paraquat application and drought stress resulted in the highest activities of antioxidants. So paraquat is able to moderate the activities of scavenging system enzymes and to influence oxidative stress intensity under drought stress induced by PEG.     

白菜耐光氧化能力鉴定及其与活性氧代谢关系的研究

 采用人工光氧化技术对30个常见白菜栽培品种进行光氧化处理, 以总叶绿素存留率作为评价指标, 利用系统聚类分析将供试品种划分为5个级别(1～5级) 。其中耐光氧化能力强的品种有青优4号、暑绿、抗热605、绿扬青、矮抗6号、华王; 不耐光氧化的品种有四倍体矮脚黄、绿星。在此基础上, 以耐光氧化品种抗热605与不耐光氧化品种绿星为材料, 研究了光氧化过程中活性氧代谢的特征。结果表明:在光氧化条件下, 白菜叶片内的抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性受光氧化诱导升高, 但光氧化敏感性品种绿星的酶活性很快下降, 耐光氧化品种抗热605的酶活持续保持在较高的水平。因此, 绿星的O₂·生成速率、H₂O₂ 含量及MDA的积累量均高于抗热605, 最终导致品种绿星在光氧化下总叶绿素存留率低。表明抗热605植株内较高的抗氧化酶活性对提高耐光氧化能力起了重要作用。     

碱胁迫下杜鹃花抗氧化体系的响应及亚细胞分布

为探讨杜鹃花属（Rhododendron）植物的耐碱性机理，以3个杜鹃花园艺栽培品种‘胭脂蜜’（R. obtusum‘Yanzhimi’）、‘红珊瑚’（R. obtusum‘Hongshanhu’）及‘红月’（R. obtusum‘Hongyue’）为试验材料，对植株进行为期2个月的NaHCO3和Na2CO3混合碱胁迫处理，观察植株在碱胁迫下的形态变化并测定叶片叶绿体、线粒体和细胞溶质3个亚细胞部位中活性氧及抗氧化体系的活性。结果表明：根据碱害指数，3个杜鹃花品种耐碱性从高到低依次为‘胭脂蜜’>‘红珊瑚’>‘红月’。在碱胁迫下，3个品种的3个亚细胞部位中H2O2和超氧阴离子水平显著提高，导致MDA含量增加，抗氧化酶的变化存在品种间差异。‘胭脂蜜’的3个亚细胞部位中SOD、POD、CAT和GR酶活性显著提高，APX在叶绿体和细胞溶质中的活性显著上升；而‘红珊瑚’仅叶绿体中的CAT和APX、线粒体中的SOD、POD和CAT以及细胞溶质中的SOD、GR活性显著提高；‘红月’的SOD活性在线粒体和细胞溶质中显著提高，CAT活性在叶绿体和线粒体中显著提高，POD及APX活性显著下降，GR活性无显著变化。碱胁迫下，3个品种的非酶促抗氧化剂AsA和GSH含量在叶绿体中降低，在线粒体和细胞溶质中增加。抗碱性强的‘胭脂蜜’在碱胁迫后ROS水平较稳定，MDA含量较低，SOD、POD、APX和GR活性较高。3个亚细胞部位比较发现，细胞溶质中H2O2和超氧阴离子的水平显著高于线粒体和叶绿体，抗氧化酶SOD、POD和GR及抗氧化剂AsA和GSH也主要分布在细胞溶质中，活性氧与抗氧化系统的亚细胞分布具有较高的一致性；APX主要分布在叶绿体中；CAT在线粒体活性最高。碱胁迫下不同亚细胞部位活性氧积累和过氧化损伤程度不同，相应的抗氧化防御体系在各亚细胞的响应也不同，细胞溶质是杜鹃花活性氧产生和清除的主要场所。     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗活性氧水平和抗氧化酶活性的影响

 在营养液栽培、盐胁迫处理下, 研究了外源亚精胺( Spd) 对黄瓜幼苗活性氧(ROS) 水平和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明, 外源Spd降低了50 mmol·L - 1NaCl胁迫下幼苗叶片和根系内O₂ ^·产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量, 提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性; 与抗盐性较强的‘长春密刺’相比, Spd处理对抗盐性较弱的‘津春2号’效果更明显。表明外源Spd通过提高盐胁迫下植株体内抗氧化酶活性, 降低ROS水平, 而缓解NaCl对黄瓜幼苗的伤害, 提高幼苗耐盐能力。