Analysis of genetic diversity among some Persian walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) using morphological traits and SSRs markers

There is a high diversity among cultivated walnut trees in Iran due to its long time of seed propagation and vast area of cultivation. In this study some morphological characters as well as Simple Sequence Repeat (SSRs) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships among 31 Iranian walnut genotypes along with four foreign cultivars. The nut weight ranged from 7.52 to 17.73 g, kernel weight from 4.00 to 9.83 g, and kernel percentage ratio from 38.78 to 67.05% among studied genotypes. In SSRs analysis, nine primer pairs were tested that produced 39 alleles ranging from 2 to 8, with a mean value of 5.10 allele per primer. The Iranian genotypes showed relatively high diversity both for their SSRs loci and morphological traits. Although the foreign cultivars (‘Serr’, ‘Vina’, ‘Franquette’ and ‘Lara’) clustered with each other, they also laid close and within the Iranian genotype. The results of the study provided us with valuable diversity among our genotypes which could be used for breeding studies and also showed the power of genetic markers for analysis and evaluation of this diversity.     

核桃枝条中总酚、黄酮类化合物含量研究

对祁县6个核桃品种1年生枝条韧皮部的总酚、黄酮类化合物含量进行了测定,并比较不同树龄间和不同品种间总酚、黄酮类化合物含量的差异。结果表明,核桃1年生枝条韧皮部总酚、黄酮类化合物含量在不同生长发育期存在显著差异,休眠期总酚、黄酮类化合物含量显著高于生长期;不同品种、不同树龄核桃1年生枝条韧皮部的总酚、黄酮类化合物含量差异显著;还对不同品种、不同树龄核桃1年生枝条韧皮部中总酚、黄酮类化合物含量与抗寒性的关系进行了分析。     

核桃花粉离体萌发的培养基研究

以6a生云新早实核桃的新鲜花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究了不同的培养基组分以及温度对核桃花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:1)在单因子试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2在一定质量浓度范围内,对核桃花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定质量浓度时则起抑制作用;而氮、镁和钾对核桃花粉萌发不显著。2)在正交试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2对核桃花粉萌发有极显著的影响,核桃花粉最适的培养基为100g/L蔗糖+10mg/LH3BO3+40mg/LCaCl2,花粉的萌发率可以达到45.24%。3)核桃花粉离体培养的最适温度为25℃,培养温度过高或过低都会抑制核桃花粉的萌发和花粉管生长。     

核桃树体生物量构成及需肥规律需肥量研究

[目的]通过核桃树体生物量构成调查和矿质元素含量的测定,明确不同树龄核桃树年需肥量和果实发育关键期的需肥比例,为核桃园精准施肥提供理论依据.[方法]采用彻底刨根分解取样的方法测定不同树龄核桃生物量构成,采用GB 5009.5-2016(第一法)和GB 5009.5-2016(第二法)测定6年生核桃树体不同部位矿质元素含...     

西藏核桃种质资源研究

核桃是我国的重要果树,也是西藏重要的木本油料作物.种质资源是核桃品种选育的基础,为了科学利用西藏丰富的核桃种质资源,为育种提供基础资料,研究了西藏核桃的起源、历史,详细介绍了西藏核桃的分布、种质资源分类、核桃群落类型划分、命名以及品种选育工作.结果表明,西藏的核桃主要有3个分布区域:雅鲁藏布江流域、怒江流域和澜沧江流域...     

不同树形对早实核桃‘鲁光’坚果产量和品质的影响

【目的】探索适宜‘鲁光’核桃优质高产的树形。【方法】以‘鲁光’核桃树为研究对象,分析主干分层形、开心形和自然圆头形3种树形的结构参数、坚果产量和品质,并进行主成分分析。【结果】主干分层形的树高、基径、骨干枝数、单株平均坚果产量、树冠投影面积平均产量、单果质量、仁质量、种仁粗脂肪和抗坏血酸含量最高;开心形的坚果壳厚最小,出仁率和种仁蛋白质含量最高;自然圆头形的总糖和氨基酸含量最高。坚果外观形状无显著的树形间差异。主成分分析表明主干分层形有利于产量的形成,开心形有利于品质的形成,3种树形的综合排名顺序为主干分层形>开心形>自然圆头形。【结论】济南市章丘区‘鲁光’核桃的适宜树形为主干分层形。     

方位及冠层对核桃内果皮木质素形成及相关酶活性的影响

【目的】明确核桃果实发育过程中不同光照强度对内果皮中木质素、相关酶活性影响的动态变化规律。【方法】以核桃品种’新新2号’为试验材料,研究了树冠不同方位、不同冠层对内果皮中木质素含量、相关酶活性的变化规律,并进行了相关性分析。【结果】在不同方位、不同冠层上,木质素含量随着核桃果实的生长发育呈持续增加趋势;PAL、POD酶活性强弱的排序依次为:南面上层>南面中层>南面下层>北面上层>北面中层>北面下层>中部上层>中部中层>中部下层;PPO酶活性强弱的排序依次为:北面下层>北面中层>北面上层>中部下层>中部中层>中部上层>南面下层>南面中层>南面上层。相关性分析表明,木质素含量与POD酶活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.808**),与PPO酶活性呈负相关。【结论】树冠南面和上层接受的光照强度最大,木质素含量最高,PAL、POD酶活性最强;PPO酶活性最低;木质素含量与POD酶活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.808**),表明光照强度诱导了核桃果实内果皮中木质素的积累及相关酶活性的增强。     

化学疏雄对泡核桃树体营养、成花及坚果产量和品质的影响

【目的】探究化学疏雄对泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode )生理生长、成花坐果和坚果品质的影响。【方法】以‘黔核7号’为试材,管理一致,修剪强度一致,树势基本一致,且雄花数量较多,座果率稳定的树为对照(CK),设置化学疏雄配方 ETH+GA₃(1550mg/kg乙烯利+28mg/kg赤霉素)、DPC+ETH(1550mg/kg甲哌嗡+121mg/kg乙烯利)、LS(0.4%石硫合剂),统计化学疏雄后枝条的数量和类型、成花数和坐果数,计算坐果率,测定叶片和果实中营养元素含量及坚果品质。【结果】ETH+GA₃、DPC+ETH处理能够显著提高‘黔核7号’的总枝条数、结果枝数和营养枝数,与对照相比分别提高了44.09%、63.36%、32.69%;并且,经B处理时其雌花数、坐果数、坐果率以及单青果重,比对照最高提高了30%、45.3%、9%和17.8%;叶片和果实中的不同营养元素含量在 ETH+GA₃、DPC+ETH处理时也有不同程度的增加;同时经ETH+GA₃、DPC+ETH处理后不明显改变黔核7号的纵径、横径、果形指数、壳厚、出仁率,但能够促进其核仁重量、总酚含量、总黄酮含量、蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的积累,其中,ETH+GA₃、DPC+ETH处理均能显著增加了黔核7号的单果重,比对照分别提高了21.3%、18.3%。【结论】化学疏雄能够增加黔核7号泡核桃的叶片和果实中养分含量,促进成花和坐果,并提高坚果品质。     

拉枝对黔核7号泡核桃叶片营养、成花及坚果品质的影响

【目的】探究拉枝对泡核桃(Juglans sigillata Dode)生理生长、成花坐果和坚果品质的影响。【方法】以黔核7号为试材,以自然生长开张角度在30°～35°之间的枝条为对照(CK),设置拉枝60°、90°和110°3个处理,统计拉枝后枝条的数量和类型、成花数和坐果数,计算坐果率,测定叶片的光合特性、叶绿素含量、叶片的营养元素含量和坚果品质。【结果】拉枝90°时显著提高了黔核7号的总枝条数、短枝数和中长枝数,与对照相比分别提高了36.8%、64.0%和81.0%;并且,拉枝90°时雌花数、坐果数、坐果率达到最大值,比对照组分别提高了206.6%、231.1%和14.1%;树体内膛、中部和外围的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量在拉枝90°时达到最大值,拉枝90°和110°能够显著降低中部和外围叶片的胞间CO2浓度;叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素含量在拉枝90°时也有不同程度的增加;拉枝在不明显改变黔核7号的纵径、横径、果形指数、壳厚、出仁率的情况下,能够促进其核仁质量、蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量的积累,其中,只有拉枝90°显著...     

核桃杂交后代光合生理优势研究

利用LI-6400P光合作用测定仪对杂交子代、杂交母本和新疆核桃净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及气孔导度(Cond)进行测定,其中杂交母本为云新7914,是云南薄壳核桃×新疆核桃的种间杂种,父本为四川选出的铁核桃优树.杂交子代Pn极显著高于杂交母本和新疆核桃,Ci极显著低于母本和新疆核桃,表明杂交子代具有更强的固定大气CO2能力,比新疆核桃和母本光合效率更高,更具有丰产潜能.杂交子代WUE极显著高于杂交母本和新疆核桃,从日均值来看,杂交子代(1.20)＞实生苗新疆核桃(0.83)＞杂交母本(0.61),消耗等量的水分,杂交子代实生苗比母本和新疆核桃实生苗能固定更多数量的CO2,能更有效地利用土壤水分,具有更强的抗旱性潜能,杂种优势明显.     

杂交核桃品种‘云新高原’光合特性及其影响因子的研究

采用CI-301CO_2气体分析仪(美国产)连续两年定时测定‘云新高原’核桃成熟叶片净光合速率、光合有效辐射、叶温、CO_2浓度等指标。试验测得:‘云新高原’核桃年净光合速率(P_0)年变化呈双峰曲线,主峰出现在5月中旬,次峰在9月中下旬;叶片净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,11:30达最大值,14:30出现次高峰,14:30～18:00逐渐下降至最低;光饱和点为1740μmol/m~2·s(约112.2klx),光补偿点为45μmol/m~2·s(0.96klx),CO_2补偿点为145μl/L,CO_2饱和点为613μl/L.     

应用~(32)P研究核桃原位枝接中接芽的作用

利用32P示踪技术研究了核桃(JuglansregiaL.)原位枝接愈合过程中接芽的作用。新梢中32P动态变化曲线表明,接芽对接合部位的愈合有一定影响。接芽个数和接芽距接合部位的距离对早期愈合及新梢生长都有影响。双芽枝上检测到32P的时间最早,其次是上芽枝和下芽枝,这表明最早的砧穗间物质运输发生在双芽枝上。尽管无芽枝形成嫁接愈合体,但其上没有检测到32P的出现。双芽枝上所抽生的两个新梢的生长情况并不相同。     

影响核桃嫁接苗成活及生长的主要因素

通过设置不同砧木年龄、粗度和高度,以及接穗粗度、芽数等几种处理,研究影响核桃嫁接苗成活及生长的主要因素.结果表明:成活率以子苗嫁接较高,高生长以1 a生实生苗为砧木的嫁接苗最为迅速;砧木对嫁接成活率及生长的影响程度为:粗度＞高度,且砧木以粗砧为好.子苗嫁接时,接穗应以1芽或2芽的嫁接成活率及高生长为佳;1 a生实生苗嫁接时,接穗以2芽成活率较高,而生长情况则以1芽接穗较好;接穗对嫁接成活率及生长的影响程度为粗度＞芽数,且以粗接穗为好.     

湖北部分林下种植模式调查及效益分析初报

针对林权制度改革后林地可持续发展的需要,对鄂西鹤峰县、保康县,鄂东罗田县等地的主要林下种植模式进行调查,并以厚朴+箬竹、板栗+茶叶模式为例,分析了立体种植模式产生的综合效益,为今后大力发展林下种植,形成良好的循环经济提供理论依据。     

6个新疆矮化核桃品种的指纹图谱构建及亲缘关系分析

以8个核桃品种叶片为材料,利用ISSR技术,从100条ISSR引物中筛选出2条对8份DNA进行PCR扩增,共扩增位点34个,其中多态位点24个(比例达70.58%),构建出8个核桃品种的数字化指纹图谱。以NTSYSpc2.1软件计算品种指纹图谱的相似系数(GS)并进行(UPGMA)聚类分析,样品间的GS在0.54～0.94之间,在GS=0.64处将8个核桃品种分成2组:第一组母本为‘扎343’(1号),矮化品种有‘新温724’(4号)和‘新温908’(5号);第二组母本为‘新早丰’(2号),矮化品种有‘新温609’(3号)、‘新温915’(6号)、‘新温916’(7号)和‘新温917’(8号),与田间表现基本一致。     

Effect of propagation material on some quality attributes of strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa, var. Selva)

In the Mediterranean region, cold-stored plants (summer planting system) are used as the main strawberry planting material (plant establishing period July–August). However, recently fresh plants (winter planting system) have also started being used for strawberry production (plant establishing period October–November). As the plantations originated from cold-stored or fresh plants differ in plant growth and yield, some differences in fruit quality have also been expected; therefore, the objective of the current study was to compare fruit quality of plants originated from different propagation material. Cold-stored plants were well developed before the beginning of the spring harvest, while fresh plants continued growth concomitantly with fruiting. The harvesting period of cold-stored plants lasted 4–6 weeks (second week of April–second half of May). Fresh plants produced fewer and larger fruits than cold-stored plants, but for a longer harvest period, which lasted throughout all summer. Differences in soluble solids and dry matter content between the fruits from cold-stored and fresh plants were observed in the first three sampling dates in both years of the experiment. In some sampling dates, significant differences in anthocyanin, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content, were observed between fruits of plants originated from different propagation material.     

外源多胺对核桃雌雄花芽分化及叶片内源多胺含量的影响

 以‘辽宁1号’核桃为试材，研究了外源多胺对雌雄花芽分化及叶片内源多胺含量的影响。两年试验结果表明，喷施1×10^-3mol·L^-1和1×10^-4mol·L^-1的腐胺(Put)和亚精胺(Spd)能够显著增加雌花数量，提高雌雄花芽比例。在雌花芽生理分化期，芽内Put、Spd和精胺(Spm)含量升高并达高峰，叶片内Put含量累积并达高峰，而Spd、Spm含量变化不大。1×10^-3mol·L 的Put和Spd处理可提高叶片内源多胺含量，其中内源Put、Spd的含量升高早于内源Spm含量的升高。     

Spatial pattern of coniferous and deciduous forest patches in an Eastern North America agricultural landscape: the influence of land use and physical attributes

In agricultural landscapes, most studies have investigated the influence of the spatial pattern of forest patches on other ecological phenomena and processes, such as animal movement and biodiversity. However, few have focused on explaining the spatial pattern of the forest patches themselves. Understanding how these patterns relate to the processes that generate them is fundamental in developing a sound theory of landscape ecology, and in devising rational management strategies. In this paper, the pattern of the overall forest patches, as well as the pattern of deciduous and coniferous patches in an agricultural landscape of Southern Quebec, Canada, were analyzed and related to landscape physical attributes and land use, using remote sensing, geographic information systems and statistical methods. Results show that the role of landscape physical attributes on forest patch pattern has been modified by land use. In the study area, coniferous or deciduous patches are not associated with a specific surface deposit. In addition, physical attributes explain only a small proportion of the abundance of conifers on past abandoned land compared with land-use factors. Physical attributes only indirectly influence the forest pattern because they strongly influence the land-use practices. Our results reveal a conifer recovery process with the abandonment of agricultural land. On past abandoned land, conifers expand with increasing stand age, mostly by invasion from neighboring coniferous patches. Spatially, coniferous patches are usually located on the margins of the overall forest patches, and they are connected to non-forest land-use types such as crop and pasture, the latter being the most important. By showing the importance of some coniferous forest types that did not exist in the precolonial forest, a new perspective emerges when landscape, especially, land-use dynamics are taken into account.     

寒冷干旱地区温室内温度分布研究

选择秋季阴雨天气,通过对寒冷干旱地区荷兰Venlo型温室内部不同位置的气温定时多点测定与分析,总结出温室内温度随时间的变化规律,以及温室内温度的垂直分布情况和水平分布情况。结果表明:白天温室内温度变化剧烈,而夜晚趋于平缓;温室内温度垂直方向呈显著梯度分布;水平方向上温度呈现南低北高,东西低中间高的分布趋势。在连续阴天时,温室及时采取补温措施,可以维持较高温度,补温用散热片安放位置以靠近东、西、南端为好,这样可使温室内温度分布更加均匀。     

施钾对核桃钾素营养及粗脂肪含量的影响

研究了西林2号和陕核1号核桃喷施硫酸钾对其果实钾素营养及种仁粗脂肪含量的影响.结果表明:喷施硫酸钾对青皮中钾和种仁粗脂肪最终含量影响不显著,但在油脂转化期,品种对其影响显著;在核桃果实生长期间,青皮中钾和种仁粗脂肪含量积累规律相似,且二者极显著正相关.钾肥效应主要是通过增产来提高单位面积的产油量;比较而言,西林2号更适合作为高油品种推广.