Energy aware schedule of periodic tasks in embedded real time systems

For the energy aware schedule of battery powered real time embedded system, a novel offline energy aware schedule algorithm is proposed based on the improved artificial fish school algorithm(IAFSA). The algorithm constructs the behavior constraint of the artificial fish to make the random search meet the energy constraint and deadline while maximizing the system reward. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the system reward about 47% compared with the Greedy algorithm. Besides, the energy efficiency increases while the energy budget decreases, which demonstrates the good energy awareness efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

Analysis on Predictive Methods of BIM Based on Construction Schedule Reliability

In order to realize the predictive function of BIM technology, the reliability theory and theoretical probability method are utilized to judge the uncertainty which exists in the process of construction. Meanwhile, the complicated relationship between construction schedule and prediction model is analyze, the random prediction model for construction schedule is established as well. Particularly, the influencing condition about a single factor in the process of construction is taken into consideration. Determinate model and random model for construction time as well as reliability analysis method for the construction time prediction which is based on a single influencing factor are studied .At the same time, The integrated management method of reliability prediction about construction schedule which is on basis of BIM management platform is discussed. The case study shows that the proposed method has delivered dramatic results to the control of construction schedule.     

An ALgorithm of the Second Kind Fuzzy Reliability

Based on L.A.Zadeh's idea of fuzzy probability operation in his language probability which space is fuzzy probability,the concrete algorithm of the second kind fuzzy reliability of engineering structure/system is researched.The calculating equation of the fuzzy probabiliy of the second kind fuzzy reliability is given out by using the extension principle for fuzzy sets.The fuzzy set decompose theorem,which satesfies the closed probability operation,is given out and proved.The method calculating fuzzy reliability of that structure/system is studied,where the resistance and load effect of the structure/system have probability.The analysis indicates that the calculation of the second kind fuzzy reliability for a structure/system can be transformed into a series of solving optimum programming.The result of the example indicates the rationality of above algorithm.     

Reliability evaluation algorithm for complex electrical distribution networks using the storage structure of adjacency multilist

A section algorithm of reliability evaluation for complex medium voltage Electrical Distribution Networks (EDNs) using adjacency multilist (AM) is proposed. The constructing method for AM is introduced. The AM can be used to store the structure data of EDNs and to solve the problem of space & time complexity. A new power flow algorithm of backward / forward sweep is proposed and a fast algorithm of forming sections in distribution network is put forward. The proposed algorithm makes a perfect combination of the power flow algorithm and the section algorithm of reliability evaluation, which makes efforts to decrease the work of programming and saves the computing time. Applying the proposed algorithm in RBTS-BUS6 system and actual EDNs, the reliability assessment results show that the algorithm has an advantage of saving time and possesses efficiency in engineering practicality.     

Recognizing the reliability non-coherence components ofdistribution substation typical configuration

Reliability non-coherence components (RNC) may exist in a power system due to the effects of distribution substation connection modes, components reliability performance, load level, and other factors. Recognizing RNCs and removing them from a power system can improve system reliability. The reliability non-coherence phenomenon is analyzed and the reliability non-coherence probability, frequency and energy indices, which can describe the degree of the system reliability non-coherence feature, are proposed. Based on the reliability evaluation theory of substation configuration, recognizing technique of RNCs of distribution substation is proposed. The theoretical analysis and example show that the breaker connects high voltage buses may be the RNC when the rated capacity of one transformer can meet the load requirement, and the reliability parameters of breakers have some effects on the reliability non-coherence features of the typical substation configuration.     

泡菜直投式发酵剂研究进展

泡菜工业是我国的一大产业,泡菜发酵技术也在不断发展,而研究直投式发酵剂是目前泡菜发酵技术的一个热点。就国内外泡菜发酵剂的研究现状和研制泡菜直投式发酵剂的几个关键技术展开了论述,以期为研制、开发泡菜直投发酵剂提供参考。     

A PROBABILISTIC PRODUCTION COSTING FOR MULTISTATES AND MULTIBLOCKS OF UNITS

A probabilistic production costing method for multistates and multiblocks of units is presented in this paper. The mixtures of normal distributions are used to represent the power of the system and the load. The energy, reliability and production costs are calculated directly from the analytical formulae. Numeral examples demonstrate that the algorithm presented in the paper is accurate and efficient.     

Reliability Evaluation for Bulk Power System Including Dependent Outage of Transmission Line

In order to calculate and analyze the effect of two transmission lines in parallel on the reliability evaluation of bulk power system, a model including independent outage, common mode outage and dependent outage of these lines is deduced and a new algorithm corresponding to the model is presented. Two transmission lines in parallel including common mode outages and dependent outages can be really simulated as a multi-state component. While reliability indices are calculated, the probability and frequency of independent outage, common mode outage and dependent outage of a system failure state can be calculated at the same time, and computation complexity is reduced. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to the RBTS system, IEEE One Area RTS96 system and a real power system for reliability computation and analysis. Results show that the new algorithm is credible and validity.     

Schedule of Two level Multi object based on Relatively Prior Weight

The default of conventional schedule is expounded, which only emphasizes on system's overall object but overlooks sub system's local object. A mathematical model of two level multi object is put forward. The concept of relatively prior weight is defined, and a heuristic algorithm is given out. The results of computer simulation show that the algorithm is effective.     

Study on Approach to Optimize Network Planning Schedule for Fixed Resources Constraint

Network planning schedule optimization is one of the pivotal issues in engineering project management. The current studies on schedule optimization aim at achieving the optimal goals by least additional resources. In this paper, from transferring the critical path, the authors suggest a schedule optimization algorithm through transferring partial resource of un-critical activities to the critical activities. The result of applying the model shows that it is helpful for resolving schedule optimization issue for fixed resources.     

Energy-aware scheduling of reward maximum in real-time systems

A novel algorithm is proposed for energy-aware scheduling of periodic tasks on variable voltage processors in the real-time systems. Based on the combined idea of artificial bee colony algorithm with greedy algorithm, different speed is allocated for different tasks to ensure the execution of tasks with higher value density. Simulation results show that the system reward of energy per unit is increased with the decreasing of energy constraint, therefore the scheduling algorithm is of the energy awareness. Compared with the greedy algorithm, the rewards of the real-time system using the greedy artificial bee colony algorithm are averagely improved by 78% while energy constraint factor is 0.1. Mmore system rewards can be obtained with the increasing number of tasks or energy constraints.     

Fast Algorithm About Unit Commitment Based on Revised BP Artificial Neural Network and Dynamic Search

In order to reduce the operation cost and optimize the unit commitment,the fast algorithm about unit commitment based on revised BP ANN(Artificial Neural Network) and dynamic search is discussed.The BP ANN is trained with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm,which aiming at its drawback of the storage of some matrices that can be quite large for certain problems,and a revised algorithm is presented.The BP ANN is used to generate a pre-schedule according to the input load profile.Then the dynamic search is performed some stages where the commitment states of some of the units are not certain.The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the execution time and memory space without degrading the quality of the generation schedule.     

COMPOSITE SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION CONSIDERING LOAD MODEL

The study for dealing with the load model in composite system reliability evaluation is almost at a standstill because of the inherent computational complexity. In this paper, an algorithm for composite system reliability evaluation considering load model is proposed. This method is powerful in computation because it can avoid unnecessary state enumeration by means of the relationship among basic reliability informations of load levels. As an example, the IEEE 24-node Reliability Test System is tested on VAX-11/750 computer. The average CPU time to calculate the reliability indices of the system corresponding to a load level is about 5 seconds.     

从输电阻塞角度建立的风电场容量可信度模型

风电并网时既要考虑系统的可靠性又要考虑输电阻塞。目前风电场容量可信度仅从可靠性单一角度提出。为此从输电阻塞角度提出了风电场容量可信度的定义;通过Monte Carlo法建立计及元件故障(发电机、线路和变压器)的风电场容量可信度模型,并提出该模型的二分法求解算法;同时还提出了风电阻塞指标以描述风电场并入电力系统对缓解系统输电阻塞的贡献。通过对修改的IEEE-RTS进行算例分析,验证了方法的正确性和实用性。结果表明：系统阻塞状况的缓解程度与并入风电场的位置有关,风电场容量可信度和风电阻塞指标相结合可以评价风电场并网对系统阻塞状况改善的有效性和经济性。     

Accelerated Generalized Minimal Residual Algorithm

This paper studies the fundamental theory of the generalized minimal residual algorithm(GMRES(m))in Krylov subspace and specially the relationship between residual vector and Krylov subspace.The relationship of the algorithm convergence and the subspace be selected is further researched according the linear system about residual vector.It is posed that the convergence can be slowed down because there are so many very small eigenvalue in magnitude.And a accelerated method(AGMRES(m)) is proposed to improve the convergence of the GMRES(m).Theoretical analysis and numerical results show the reliability and efficiency of the algorithm.     

Comparison and Analysis of Reliability Between 3/2 Connection and 4/3 Connection of Station

The main electrical scheme of a station is principal part of power system electrical connection,and its structure not only determines whether customers can acquire enough electric energy,but also influence economical efficiency of construction and reconstruction of a station.3/2 Connection and 4/3 Connection have been widely used in large scaled station.Three groups of alternative designs are chose in the article,of which the first group is single unit connection,and the other two are combined unit connection,and in each group there are one 3/2 Connection and 4/3 Connection plan.A reliability analysis system of main electrical scheme has been applied,to compare and analyze the reliability and economical efficiency of these two kinds of connection comprehensively.The result involves adequacy,security,economical efficiency indices and sensitivity analysis of component dependability parameter of each design.The result shows both 3/2 Connection and 4/3 Connection has its own relative merits,but 3/2 Connection has well applicability: Failure rate of generation has most obvious influence on reliability of the main electrical scheme.And quantified calculation of reliability is necessary in planning and choice of main electrical scheme of station.     

An improved HEED clustering algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

In wireless sensor network, routing protocols which based on clustering have the advantages of energy consumption, topology management and data fusion. The HEED protocol, which generates cluster heads based on distributed algorithm, drives up the rate of clustering and creates well distributed cluster heads. However, it does not consider the mobility of nodes in the network. When the distance between neighbor nodes has changed, the AMRP method which decides the node belongs to different cluster heads would cause problems such as high energy consumption, short lifetime of network and so on. Responding to these problems, the paper proposes the S HEED, a clustering algorithm based on stability, which chooses the stability as a parameter of nodes when choosing a cluster head. With S HEED algorithm, the high energy consumption problem among cluster nodes and cluster heads caused by the mobility is tackled. The simulation experiment demonstrates that the S HEED algorithm lower the energy consumption of cluster heads and prolongs the network lifetime.     

Realizing Key Schedule of Rijndael Algorithm Integrating with Chaos

Encryption is an important method which is used to protect the information of an individual and enterprises and the secret of nations. Rijndael algorithm is the new advanced encryption standard, and has extensive application foreground because of its much merit. Modem encryption algorithms are based on keys. However, so far few of people research into the key schedule of rijndael algorithm and especially do research on the generation of its initial keys. This paper researches into the mapping of Logistic, makes use of a chaos algorithm to produce initial encryption keys because it can create chaos sequences of high randomicity. Further more, corresponding CPLD implementation is given.     

Reliability Evaluation of Middle Voltage Distribution Networks

A reliability evaluation algorithm for middle voltage radial distribution network is presented. The algorithm applied ahead-searching-method to determining the area of breaker influencing, applied bidirectional-searching-method to determining faulting area, and applied behind-searching-method to determining connection switch. Then the type of nodes is determined. The reliability index of nodes,feerders and system can be easily computed by the type of nodes.So the computing effeciency is improved. At the same time, the curtailing load algorithms for low-voltage of buses and over-capacity of lines are presented and the foundation for the reliability assessment is established considering the power flow restriction. From the RBTS68-bus and other middle radial distribution networks,the effectiveness and availability of the method are verified.     

Design of an Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm for Vehicle Target Tracking

The interacting multiple model algorithm is used to solve the vehicle's tracking problems in automated highway system.It has multiple models,each of which matches to a particular mode such as uniform motion with constant velocity and maneuvering motion with acceleration.Combined with the target maneuvering models,the current acceleration of the target and its covariance are simulated.Significant noise reduction is achieved during the uniform motion.And it does better in maintaining the accuracy of the state estimates than the unfiltered radar measurements during the maneuver.A rapid detection of the maneuver is also obtained.The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the IMM algorithm will improve the target's tracking performance and enhance the vehicle's safety and reliability.