邹平县玉米粗缩病的发生与防治

邹平县玉米粗缩病的发生与防治成学美杨先法董家兴马用华成惠珍（山东省邹平县植保站２５６２００）１９９２年以来我县玉米粗缩病（ＭａｉｚｅＲｏｕｇｈＤｗａｒｆＶｉｒｕｓ）危害逐年加重,至１９９６年发病面积达２．６７万ｈｍ２,占玉米播种面积６６．８％,给玉米...     

玉米粗缩病及其研究进展

我国是世界玉米生产第2大国,常年种植面积约2000万ｈｍ2,总产达750亿ｋｇ,玉米单产达1554ｋｇ/667ｍ2。但由于病害的发生,对玉米造成极大的危害,尤其是病毒病更是对玉米生产构成严重威胁[1～3]。世界上已发现40多种玉米病毒病。在我国危害最大的是玉米粗缩病毒(Ｍａｉｚｅ...     

河北省玉米粗缩病发生危害与防治

９０年代以来，玉米粗缩病在河北、北京、山东等省市再次流行。１９９３年河北省发病面积达４０多万ｈｍ２，占播种面积２０％。接种试验表明，感病植株苗龄越小，产量损失越大，芽鞘期至９叶期是玉米易感病阶段，损失１００％～６４．２％。病害仅由介体飞虱以持久性方式传播，该虫一经获毒终身带毒。防治主要以调整播期，春播玉米覆膜尽量早播，夏玉米适期晚播，避开灰飞虱成虫盛发期。应用内吸残效期长的杀虫剂种子包衣处理或拌种可较好地控制该病发生。     

玉米粗缩病的发生及防治对策

玉米粗缩病是由灰飞虱传播的一种病毒病,针对玉米粗缩病的发病症状、发病原因,提出了玉米粗缩病的防治对策.     

水稻黑条矮缩病和玉米粗缩病的发生特点及防治策略

本文着重介绍水稻黑条矮缩病的主要发生危害特点及防治策略,以加深对新列入湖北省植物检疫补充对象的了解与认识,掌握“两病”的主要传播途径。强化植物措施,对保护区域性农业生产安全具有重要实践与指导意义。     

玉米粗缩病和水稻黑条矮缩病的发生及防治对策

本文根据玉米粗缩病和水稻黑条矮缩病近几年来的发生特点和为害情况 ,具体阐述这两种病害的发病症状、发生规律、病原生物学、发生影响因素、合理的防治措施 ,为今后更好地识别和防治这两种病害提供了理论基础     

玉米粗缩病的发生与防治

玉米粗缩病是一种危害极大的病毒性病害。在玉米出苗后即可染病，到5-6片叶时才显现症状。其主要症状是病株浓绿，叶片短厚，心叶扭曲卷缩，节间短粗，植株矮化，早发病株多不抽穗、不结实或籽粒极少。一般减产20%-30%，重的地块减产50%以上，甚至绝产。玉米粗缩病主要由灰飞虱传播，土壤和种子不传播。因此，搞好玉米粗缩病的防治，成为确保玉米丰产丰收的重要措施，而防治灰飞虱，消灭传毒媒介则是控制玉米粗缩病流行的关键。     

水稻黑条矮缩病和玉米粗缩病的发生特点及防治策略

水稻黑条矮缩病和玉米粗缩病都是病毒病害。“两病”的重要感病期平均为营养生长至生殖生长的过渡期,危害盛期也都在生殖生长旺期。受害作物感病愈早,危害愈重。“两病”都能致受害作物矮化,生长畸形,阻碍正常生长,严重影响产量和品质。     

玉米粗缩病的发生及防治

玉米粗缩病是危害玉米生产的一种重要病毒病，历史上曾有几次大发生，近几年又呈上升趋势。引起该病害的病毒属于呼肠孤科斐济属。主要由灰飞虱以持久性方式传播。毒源、介体、品种是病害发生的必要条件，三者都达到一定的程度、数量则会引起病害流行。影响这三个条件的因素是多方面的，包括气象因素、耕作栽培措施、栽培感病品种等。针对这些因素提出压低毒源、虫口密度并种植抗耐病品种的综合防治措施     

玉米粗缩病观察初报

本文通过图片对玉米粗缩病的叶表、茎杆、雄穗、雌穗的症状进行详细阐述,并在14K、58K、100K、140K镜下,对病叶、病种进抒镜检。探讨了玉米粗缩病的发病原因及防治措施。     

玉米粗缩病毒及抗病策略

玉米粗缩病毒属于植物呼肠孤病毒组的斐济病毒属，是一种有双层衣壳的球状病毒。该病毒基因组包含10条线状的双链RNA片段，近年来已经完成了其中4条RNA片段的测序工作。玉米粗缩病毒对我国玉米生产的危害最为严重。该病毒主要由介体昆虫传播，侵染的植株表现严重矮化和叶片浓绿等病症。玉米对该病毒的抗性表现出多基因控制的数量性状遗传的特征。作者描述了玉米粗缩病病原、病症及侵染循环的特点，对玉米粗缩病毒基因组的研究进展进行了评述，并对抗病策略进行了讨论。     

东台市2007年玉米粗缩病重发原因及防治对策

玉米粗缩病是一种由灰飞虱带毒以持久方式传播引起的病毒病害。我市自1996年发病以来,1998、1999、2002年三年发生较重,全市发病面积在0．33万hm^2。左右,2003年后该病得到有效控制,发生面积和发生程度大幅度下降。2007年玉米粗缩病在我市发生普遍,少数地区暴发成灾,对玉米生产造成了严重影响。为了今后更好地控制病害的重发,降低危害损失,对2007年我市玉米粗缩病发生特点、重发原因进行总结分析,并提出相应防治对策。     

引起玉米粗缩病的水稻黑条矮缩病毒山东分离物的分子特性

 Four isolates of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) were collected from the maize plants showing rough dwarf symptom in Linyi and Tai'an,Shandong province.The S10 genomic sequences of these isolates were determined and compared with those of 14 other RBSDV isolates.All of the four sequences were 1 801 base pairs (bp) long including the 5'-UTR of 21 bp and the 3'-UTR of 103 bp.They all contained an open reading frame of 1 677 bp (22-1698),encoding the coat protein (CP) of 558 amino acids.The sequences of these four RBSDV isolates and those of the major cp gene of 14 other isolates available in the GenBank were divided into two groups in the phylogenetic tree.Recombination analysis indicated that the isolate Lym2 was likely a recombinant of isolates Lym1 and Zhjs.     

简便易行的玉米粗缩病严重度分级标准

报道了一种简便易行的0～4级玉米粗缩病严重度分级标准。该标准以病害典型症状为依据,经产量指标验证,证明该标准准确、简便、可操作性强。     

玉米播期与玉米粗缩病病株率的关系

对1976～1979年河北辛集、晋县、正定、永年试验基地玉米不同播期与玉米粗缩病病株率试验数据的统计分析和经 1996～1999年 4年试验数据检验表明 ,4月10日以前播种的早春玉米玉米粗缩病发病株率低 ;5月份播种的晚春玉米和麦套玉米发病株率最高 ;6月份播种的夏玉米发病株率最低。玉米不同播期与玉米粗缩病病株率的关系式为Y=-673.5 -0.0439X²+11.5X。该关系式适用于传毒介体灰飞虱的常规发生和大发生年预测病情 ,符合率达80%～100%。但该关系式在灰飞虱极轻发生年不适用 ,符合率仅为20%。     

The occurrence and effects of barley yellow dwarf virus in maize in SW England

During 1975 and 1976 barley yellow dwarf virus was isolated, using the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) from five maize cultivars in the Exeter area. The isolates produced interveinal flecking, often accompanied by leaf reddening, in the maize cultivar Anjou 210 and several other susceptible cultivars. ln 1976 visual assessment of six commercial maize plantings indicated natural infections ranging from 11 to 14% of plants, whilst infection in a disease observation plot ranged from 0.8 to 27.5%. Population counts for the three aphid vectors Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (W.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), associated with the crop, corresponded closely with the Rothamsted Insect Survey results from Starcross, Devon.
The maize cultivars Anjou 210 and De Kalb 202 were grown in experimental plots with individual rows containing 0, 25, 50, or 100% barley yellow dwarf-infected plants. Infection caused severe stunting of Anjou 210 but had less effect on De Kalb 202. Dry matter yield losses of 50% for Anjou 210 and 27% for De Kalb 202 were recorded; there were also significant changes (p<0.05) in dry matter content, metabolisable energy, digestible crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate.     

Genome-wide association study of resistance to rough dwarf disease in maize

Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD), caused by the Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) is highly prevalent across summer at maize-growing areas in China. To investigate the genetic architecture underlying this viral disease, a set of 236 Chinese maize inbred lines was evaluated for resistance to MRDD in 2010 and 2011. Based on 41,101 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with minor allele frequencies (MAF) greater than 5 %, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was employed to identify genomic loci for resistance to MRDD. A total of 73 SNPs were found to be associated with resistance to MRDD at a significance threshold of -log10 (P)?>?4 controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at α?=?0.1. Fourteen of these SNPs were detected in both of the two environments tested. A total of 48 SNPs were identified in linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks containing candidate resistance genes, including protein kinase genes. Using the pedigree information and whole-genome SNP analysis of five highly resistant inbred lines derived from the hybrid ‘P78599’, nine derivative fragments harbouring SNPs associated with MRDD resistance were detected. One 81.57 Mb fragment in particular located in bin 8.03, which contained six SNPs associated with MRDD resistance, and included the major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that had been identified in the previous study. These results suggest that the SNPs and fragments associated with MRDD resistance, especially those in bin 8.03, could be used for fine mapping of resistance genes and developing resistant varieties in maize.     

我国水稻黑条矮缩病和玉米粗缩病研究进展

上世纪60年代初我国华东和华北地区分别发现了水稻黑条矮缩病和玉米粗缩病,后来都分别发生了2次大流行,同时都以病害防治为目标分别开展了研究,探明了当地病害发生规律,提出了相应的防治方法,获得了不同程度的防病效果.80年代以来,水稻黑条矮缩病的发生报道仅限于华东地区局部地市,玉米粗缩病的发生涉及华北、东北、西北、西南和华中地区13个省市.根据各地对两病病原形态、寄主及症状、介体昆虫及传病特性等方面相似性的报道,提出了我国玉米粗缩病与水稻黑条矮缩病病原异同性问题.经近10年来对两病用生物学和分子生物学方法进行比较鉴定,证明我国玉米粗缩病和水稻黑条矮缩病病原同属水稻黑条矮缩病毒(RBSDV).同时基本探明了水稻黑条矮缩病在浙江杂交稻区和华北玉米区的再次流行成灾的原因,提出了相应的防治措施,并有效地控制了病害的流行危害.