池塘养殖增氧方式效果比较

为了解微孔增氧对池塘水体能量流动、水质及养殖效益的影响,对2种不同增氧方式下3个河蟹养殖池塘的养殖周期(4—9月份)进行了水质测定,获得了池塘不同水层的水温、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐及高锰酸钾盐指数数据。结果表明,夏季高温时采用微孔管道增氧能有效降低表层、底层的温差,一定程度上降低底层水温。微孔管道增氧能有效增加水体溶氧,开机90min水体底层溶氧增加速率是普通增氧机的5倍;6—9月份采用微孔增氧的池塘水体较普通增氧,NO2-N低70﹪以上,NH3-N低22.9﹪以上,高锰酸钾盐指数低20﹪以上,取得了较高的经济效益。     

水产养殖中使用微孔增氧技术的要点和注意事项

<正>微孔管道增氧养殖技术就是利用标准化池塘配套微孔增氧设施,利用科学投喂、生态防病等技术,实行集约化养殖,它能有效改善养殖水体环境,提高养殖过程中鱼虾蟹类的成活率,控制发病率,降低饵料系数,显著增加产量和效益,被认为是一项节能、高效、生态型的实用技术。1池塘微孔管道增氧设备配套标准微孔管道增氧系统包括主机、主管道和充气管道     

微孔增氧与叶轮增氧机在池塘中增氧效果的比较研究

对养殖池塘中使用微孔增氧和叶轮增氧的增养效果进行了比较。结果表明:微孔增氧和叶轮增氧在水体中的溶解氧量随着水深的不断加大而递减,但微孔增氧池塘水质状况好于叶轮增氧,微孔增氧底层增氧效应亦优于叶轮增氧。     

微孔增氧技术应用于抗病草鱼鱼种培育试验

微孔增氧技术是近几年发展起来的一种池塘增氧新技术,虽然一次性投入高于一般增氧机械,但其具有节能、明显改善水体生态环境、显著提高养殖密度、提高养殖经济效益、使用方便等优点。2011年我们在邹城市淡水养殖试验场培育抗病草鱼大规格鱼种中应用了该项技术,并进行了微孔增氧与机械增氧机增氧培育大规格抗病草鱼种对照试验。     

黄颡鱼养殖使用微孔增氧技术与机械增氧的效果比较

微孔增氧技术是近几年发展起来的一项增氧新技术,虽然造价高于一般增氧机械,却有许多优点,能够使水体底层溶氧丰富均衡,多用于鱼、虾、蟹类养殖。为了将此项技术引进到＂优质高效黄颡鱼池塘养殖示范＂项目,2010年在江苏省涟水县马棚农场的黄颡鱼池塘高效养殖示范区,进行了微孔增氧与机械增氧机使用效果的比较试验。     

底层微孔增氧技术设备安装维护、配置标准及使用方法

底层微孔增氧又称底充式增氧、底部微孔增氧、底层微孔曝气增氧等,这里我们统一称"底层微孔增氧"。底层微孔增氧装置已列入《国家支持推广的农业机械产品目录》,获得了国家农机补贴,在全国得到了大面积推广应用。底层微孔增氧是一种新型水体立体增氧技术,其利用管道将空气输送到池塘底层增氧装置,通过曝气增加水体的上下、左右流动,达到池塘底层水体温度与中上层水体相近,同时通过调整气泡的大小和运动,提高了空气与水接触面,增加了水体溶氧量,达     

微孔曝气增氧技术要点

<正>微孔曝气增氧技术是用罗茨风机通过微孔管道使养殖水域底部及周围水体快速增氧的一门新技术。它具有增氧区域范围广,溶氧分布均匀,加快对底部氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硫化氢的氧化,抑制底部有害微生物生长的特点。多年实践证明:该技术能使池塘养殖鱼类、鳗类、鳖类等发病率降低15%,鱼产量每亩提高10%,综合效益提高     

黄颡鱼养殖中使用微孔增氧技术与使用增氧机的效果分析

微孔增氧技术是近几年才发展起来的一项增氧新技术，虽然其造价高于一般增氧机械，却有许多优点，能够使水体底层溶氧丰富均衡，多用于底栖性的鱼虾蟹类的养殖。为了将此项技术引进到“优质高效黄颡鱼池塘养殖示范项目”，2010年江苏省涟水县水产工作站在涟水县马棚农场的黄颡鱼池塘高效养殖示范区进行微孔增氧与增氧机使用效果的对比试验，现将试验情况介绍如下。     

池塘养殖中不同机械增氧技术的组合及效果验证

为解决河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘机械增氧技术单一的问题,通过试验研究微孔式、水车式、涌浪式等几种增氧机的性能及使用方式,以达到提升增氧效果和提高养殖效益的目的。结果表明,该地区池塘溶氧含量高而利用率低,养殖户传统增氧方法不当。适宜增氧方式为:涌浪式增氧机适合在晴天下午使用3~6 h,可有效提升周边20 m范围内底层水体的溶氧水平;投食前后半小时开启和关闭微孔式、水车式增氧机,可提升投食期间投饵区溶氧水平1~2 mg/L,保证鱼群的进食效果;夜间搭配使用微孔式和低功率叶轮式增氧机增氧,可使微孔区域底层水体溶氧比不增氧状态高出1 mg/L以上。     

微孔管器水下曝气增氧技术

水体溶氧是好氧水生生物赖以生存的必要条件,水体溶氧的多少,对水质的保持和水产养殖活动的顺利进行非常重要。有人测算,草鱼在溶氧含量为5.5mg/L的水体中生长比在2.7mg/L的水体中生长增肉率提高9.88倍,饲料系数降低5.5倍。为了提高养殖水体溶氧含量,许多地方正在推广微孔管器水下曝气增氧技术。本文就此进行粗略的研究     

Water circulation induced by mechanical aerators in a rectangular vessel for shrimp aquaculture

A water streamer was designed for the purpose of enhancing cost-efficient circulation between the water surface and bottom of shrimp aquaculture ponds. We took direct measurements of the water current field induced by the designed aerator in a large rectangular reservoir of dimensions (L)50 × (W)19 × (D)1.3 m³ and compared the results with those of a standard Taiwanese paddle-wheel aerator. Vertical circulation between the surface and the bottom induced by the paddle wheel aerator was less than that by the designed aerator. Furthermore, the paddle-wheel aerator consumed more electric power than the designed aerator. The structures of water current induced by the two aerators are elucidated, and the advantages and disadvantages of the aerators are discussed.Auxiliary employment of the designed aerators may contribute to delivery of high DO water throughout the pond, which is more efficient than a paddle wheel aerator.     

增氧机池塘增氧效果试验的研究

研究不同型式的增氧机性能,可使生产者根据不同养殖对象与模式针对溶氧的需求,选择配置合适的增氧方式。通过对使用最为广泛的叶轮式、水车式、射流式和曝气式增氧机产品性能的池塘实效试验,分析比较各类增氧机性能、工作特性和适用范围。结果表明,养殖水体溶解氧主要来自浮游植物的光合作用;叶轮式、水车式和射流式增氧机应用于服务水域,其增氧能力远远不能满足该水域养殖鱼类的氧需求,但可满足养殖鱼类的应急氧需求;曝气式增氧机因没有应急增氧作用和水体搅拌能力而不适合四大家鱼等常规鱼种的养殖需要。     

Diversified aeration facilities for effective aquaculture systems—a comprehensive review

The growing intensive aquaculture system around the world maintains a high stocking density, wherein it is essential to increase and sustain the optimum dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) through the provision of artificial aeration systems. The selection of an aerator is a crucial aspect of aquaculture operations. The selected aerator must be economically efficient and should be able to fulfill the requirement of oxygen supply in the pond water. The present study provides an extensive literature review on the importance of artificial aeration in aquaculture, the standard method of test for performance evaluation of an aerator, various aeration systems and their mechanisms, method to determine the numbers of aerator requirement, comparative studies of different type of aerators, and economic consideration in selection of aerators. In addition, a thorough analysis has been done to suggest the type of aerator that is economically viable and efficient for different pond volumes based on the performance data reported in the reviews. Therefore, this study may help the end-users (fish farmers) to select the best aerator based on their requirements.

     

Assessment of the new generation aeration systems efficiency and water current flow rate,its relation to the cost economics at varying salinities for Penaeus vannamei culture

The selection of aerators and correct numbers can play an essential role in reducing the cost of production in aquaculture. The new generation aerators, namely spiral leaf, air‐jet, submersible and impeller, used in aquaculture, were assessed for its aeration efficiency and energy cost compared with the commonly used paddle wheel aerator. Of the aerators tested, the impeller had the highest aeration efficiency of 2.098 kg O₂/kW hr, followed by paddle wheel with 1.436 kg O₂/kW hr at 20‰ salinity. The spiral and air‐jet aerators had maximum aeration efficiency of 1.326 and 1.419 kg O₂/kW hr, respectively, at 35‰ salinity. The submersible aerator was not efficient as its maximum efficiency was 0.380 kg O₂/kW hr. The water flow by paddle wheel was 3 ft/sec and also provides better coverage than other types of aerators. The efficiency of aerators was high in optimum salinities (20‰ and 35‰) than the low or high saline condition. The average energy cost of shrimp pond aeration per hectare was lowest for impeller, followed by paddle wheel aerator. The study provided economic comparisons of vannamei culture using different aeration systems by keeping a uniform set of economic assumptions. Shrimp farms with impellors can give 14%–25% high returns across salinities, whereas spiral leaf can provide 5% high returns at 35‰ salinity. The combination of the type of aerators and the calculated use based on the salinity of the culture systems can result in energy‐saving and also a reduction in the production cost.     

Selection of aerators for intensive aquacultural pond

Aeration cost is the third largest cost in intensive aquaculture system after post larvae and feed cost representing about 15% of total production cost. Therefore, selection of aerators plays a major role in maximizing the profit in such system. Over the years, various types of aerators have been developed specifically to enhance the production of aquatic species. The performances of these aerators are generally compared in terms of standard aeration efficiency. However, suitability of a particular aerator at different pond sizes and water quality conditions can best be determined in terms of aeration cost per unit time of operation. In the present study, economic performance of five different aeration systems – circular stepped cascade (CSC), pooled circular stepped cascade (PCSC), 1-hp paddle wheel, 2-hp paddle wheel and propeller aspirator pump were evaluated and compared at different pond sizes, initial DO concentrations of pond and operating hours of aerators; assuming a typical Indian major carp (IMC) culture with commonly practiced stocking density and feeding. Both CSC and PCSC aerators were found to be suitable for pond size less than 1000 m³. However, for pond sizes more than 5000 m³, 1-hp paddle wheel and 2-hp paddle wheel aerators were found to be efficient.     

一种大水体太阳能自动增氧装置的研发与试验

研发一种大水体太阳能自动增氧装置,为大水体的缺氧、水体污染提供一种解决方法。太阳能自动增氧装置由太阳能光伏发电系统、检测与智能增氧系统、自动化驱动系统组成。光伏发电系统充分利用太阳能资源,解决了电能消耗问题;检测与智能增氧系统实现了增氧过程中氧溶解浓度检测和智能感应运行;自动化驱动系统通过智能感应信号和电子差速控制系统实现增氧机原地转向、转弯和直行3种运动模式的移动,增加了增氧面积。使用太阳能自动增氧装置增氧试验表明,80 min内1 m水深处溶氧量增加0.79 mg/L,2 m水深处溶氧量增加0.78 mg/L,3m水深处溶氧量增加0.77 mg/L,4 m水深处溶氧量增加0.78 mg/L;改善水质试验表明能有有效提高水体溶氧,降低氮磷含量;养殖试验表明,增加鲤产量35.3%、鲢鳙产量31.2%。     

基于DSP的光伏推流系统设计及效果分析

为解决水产养殖中溶氧浓度低、分布不均衡及常规增氧设备能耗高的问题,设计了一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的光伏推流系统。该系统以TMS320F2812为主控芯片,通过电压、电流检测电路对太阳能光伏阵列的输出功率进行实时跟踪,实现对蓄电池充放电切换,并采用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法保证了光伏阵列的最大功率输出。用该系统对长7 m、宽5 m、深1 m的浅水区域进行连续5 d的推流实验,并与相同条件下无推流时的溶氧浓度空间分布情况进行对比。结果显示,无推流情况下,试验区域从岸边到湖中溶氧浓度分布呈现由低到高的梯度分布;推流后的溶氧浓度空间分布趋于均衡,且比无推流时的浓度均值提高1~2 mg/L。研究表明,光伏推流能大大降低能耗,提高水体溶氧浓度,改善水体溶氧分布均衡性,对提高水产养殖的密度和产量具有现实意义。     

Estimation of Oxygen Transfer Rates for Mechanical Aerators in Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds

Oxygen transfer rates for mechanical aerators are usually determined by standard aeration tests conducted in concrete tanks. Results from standard tests are then extrapolated to field application of the aerators in aquaculture ponds, but these extrapolations have not been verified. In this study, oxygen transfer rates were estimated for propeller-aspirator-pump aerators deployed in brackish water aquaculture ponds under normal pond conditions. Estimation was accomplished by fitting the Whole Pond Respiration Diffusion (WPRD) model to nighttime observations of dissolved oxygen concentration for ponds in which artificial aeration had been initiated during the night. Application of this new technique revealed that oxygen transfer rate determined from a standard aeration test was similar to that estimated from trials in aquaculture ponds. Preliminary results suggest that oxygen transfer rates were higher when the aerator was placed in the deep end of the ponds than when the aerator was situated in the shallow end. Aeration efficiencies ranged from 1.45 to 1.8 kg O ₂ per kW-hour.     

养殖池塘增氧机制与装备性能比较研究

水产养殖过程中,池塘生态系统可分为自成熟期和人工维持期。在养殖容量提高的情况下,养殖生物呼吸需氧量在不断增加,缺氧条件下有机物分解成有害物质,影响养殖生产。维持池塘生态系统稳定的主要工程机制为:通过上下水层交换、平衡营养元素等方法,强化光合作用,提高营养物质转化规模,提升初级生产力;形成生态增氧为主、机械增氧为辅的高效增氧机制。以中国养殖池塘生态系统为研究对象,分析探讨养殖池塘生态机制、水体溶氧理论、增氧机作用机理、不同类型增氧机的机械性能等,提出了大宗淡水鱼混养池塘及几种典型单养池塘增氧机配置方式,从而为池塘养殖系统增氧机的配置提供技术参考。