杏鲍菇冻干粉对机体运动的健康调节作用

研究杏鲍菇冻干粉对机体运动的健康调节作用。介绍了鲜杏鲍菇制备杏鲍菇冻干粉工艺,利用大鼠建立非健康模型进行分组试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,高剂量、中剂量试验组大鼠的体重、Lee’s指数和体脂百分数显著降低(P<0.05);高、中、低剂量3个试验组大鼠血清中的LDL-C、TG、TC、TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05);SOD、CAT水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结合大鼠跑台运动的共同作用,杏鲍菇冻干粉中的生物活性肽等物质,能够控制大鼠运动机体的体重、体脂等指标;具有降低运动机体血脂、血糖指标的作用。分析原因可能是杏鲍菇冻干粉中的生物活性肽等物质的作用。     

灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性的调节作用研究

分析灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性的调节作用,提升运动员红细胞活性水平;提出一种基于大数据和SPSS软件分析的灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性的调节作用评估模型构建方法。构建灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性调节作用评估的统计特征样本序列分析模型;采用三级指标体系建模方法进行灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性调节作用评估的指标构建;采用描述性统计分析方法进行灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性调节作用评估的动态特征检测;采用模糊机器学习算法实现灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性调节作用评估的收敛性控制,提高灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性的调节的自适应性,提取灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性的调节的统计特征量。采用SPSS软件进行红细胞活性统计数据分析,实证分析结果表明,采用该模型进行灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性调节作用评估的置信度水平较高,评价结果准确可靠,提高了灵芝多糖对运动员红细胞活性调节作用评估的定量分析和评估能力。     

香菇多糖对外周血肌酸激酶和尿素氮以及骨骼肌抗氧化能力影响

为探讨香菇多糖对大强度运动的大鼠外周血肌酸激酶、尿素氮及骨骼肌抗氧化能力的影响,筛选大鼠30只,分为安静组10只(A组)、运动组10只(B组)、运动给药组10只(C组)3组。运动给药组每天灌服香菇多糖剂量为30 mg·kg^-1d^-1,安静组、运动组按同样的方式给予同体积的蒸馏水。安静组不训练,运动组、运动给药组进行为期6周跑台练习,测定大鼠外周血肌酸激酶(CK)、尿素氮(BUN)含量,骨骼肌丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)测试盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果显示,运动组、运动给药组GSH-Px、SOD低于安静组(P<0.05),CK、BUN、MDA高于安静组(P<0.05);运动给药组CK、BUN、MDA低于运动组(P<0.05),GSH-Px、SOD高于运动组(P<0.05);表示香菇多糖能维持细胞正常生理功能运转,增加机体对运动负荷的承受力,提高骨骼肌组织抗氧化能力,具有抗疲劳功能。     

黄伞多糖对竞技运动员抵抗能力的作用机理

为了研究黄伞多糖对竞技运动员抵抗能力的作用机理,选择专业男子篮球运动员20人,任意划分成实验组与对照组。将子实体粉作为基础材料,进行粗多糖提取和提纯处理,制成黄伞多糖胶囊。令实验组运动员在实验期间每天早晚服用黄伞多糖胶囊,每次2粒,共服用35 d。对照组运动员除不服用黄伞多糖胶囊外,其余与实验组运动员相同。研究黄伞多糖对免疫球蛋白、T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性、IL-2水平的作用机理。结果表明,竞技运动员训练后和训练前相比,实验组IgA、IgG以及IgM明显增加,对照组IgA、IgG以及IgM明显降低,实验组IgA、IgG以及IgM非常显著性高于对照组;实验组运动员训练后CD4+百分和CD4+/CD8+值相比显著升高,CD8+百分比在一定程度上有所降低,训练后实验组运动员CD4+百分和CD4+/CD8+值显著高于对照组,CD8+百分比显著低于对照组;实验组与对照组NK水平训练后较训练前均有显著变化,训练后实验组较实验前有显著变化, IL-2水平在实验过程中一直无显著变化。得出以下结论:长期高强度训练能令竞技运动员抵抗能力降低,黄伞多糖可有效提高竞技运动员抵抗能力,其作用机理为提高CD4+百分和CD4+/CD8+值、T淋巴细胞亚群水平以及NK细胞活性。     

发酵金针菇菌糠对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生理指标的影响

为研究发酵处理后的金针菇(Flammulina velutiper)菌糠对泌乳奶牛生产性能和血液生理指标的影响,选取年龄、胎次相近的健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛30头,随机分成2组,每组15个重复。试验组Ⅰ添加发酵菌糠后饲喂;试验组Ⅱ饲喂常规饲料,为对照组。预试期15 d,正式试验期60 d。采集乳样与血样,进行乳成分分析与血液生理指标分析。结果显示,菌糠发酵后粗蛋白提升208.33%,粗脂肪提升35.58%,且发酵料稳定性好。饲喂奶牛后奶牛产奶量较对照组显著提高1.71%(P<0.05),体细胞数显著下降55.92%(P<0.05),奶牛健康状况得到了改善。综上所述,金针菇菌糠经发酵处理后蛋白含量显著提升且稳定性好,饲喂奶牛后显著提高奶牛产奶量,改善奶牛健康状况。     

灵芝破壁孢子粉对小鼠运动恢复功能的影响

为了研究灵芝破壁孢子粉对小鼠运动恢复功能的影响,选择120只SPF级健康雄性小鼠作为研究对象划分成对照组、小剂量组和大剂量组,通过无负重游泳进行训练,在小剂量组中添加约0.1 g灵芝破壁孢子粉,在大剂量组中添加约0.4 g灵芝破壁孢子粉。研究灵芝破壁孢子粉对小鼠免疫器官脏器指数、迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素水平、NK细胞活性的影响、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力的影响。结果表明,服用灵芝破壁孢子粉后,小鼠免疫器官脏器指数和NK细胞活性无显著变化,可延缓迟发型变态反应,血清溶血素水平、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力以及碳廓清能力提高。发现灵芝破壁孢子粉在整体上有助于改善小鼠免疫力指标,而且有利于小鼠身体运动功能的恢复。     

珍稀食药用菌水提取物对糖苷酶的抑制

以5种食药用菌水提取物为试材,采用测定糖苷酶抑制率的方法,研究了5种珍稀食药用菌水提取物对糖苷酶的抑制作用,以期为进一步开发降血糖药物提供参考依据。结果表明:羊肚菌、桑黄、灵芝、蝉花、虫草水提取物对4种糖苷酶均有不同程度的抑制,且差异显著(P<0.05)。5种水提物中,桑黄水提物对蔗糖酶的抑制率最高(74.8%),略低于常用的降糖药阿卡波糖以及米格列醇,虫草水提物对蔗糖酶的抑制率最低(35.9%)。虫草水提物对α-淀粉酶的抑制能力最高(9.7%)且显著高于米格列醇(P<0.05),羊肚菌水提物对α-淀粉酶的抑制最低(1.1%)。羊肚菌水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶显示出较好的抑制能力(15.4%),显著高于阿卡波糖和米格列醇(P<0.05),而灵芝水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制水平最低(11.2%)。灵芝水提物对麦芽糖酶显示出较高的抑制能力(10.2%),显著高于米格列醇(P<0.05),而与阿卡波糖相当,桑黄水提物对麦芽糖酶抑制最差(4.6%)。5种水提物在20~60℃以及pH 6~8时对4种糖苷酶仍然保持较好的抑制能力。     

灌胃灵芝三萜白蛋白纳米体结合运动对肥胖小鼠的影响

研究灌胃灵芝(Ganoderma lingzhi)三萜白蛋白纳米体TbSAN(每次运动训练前2h按300mg/kg的剂量灌胃)与运动(每周进行4次训练,每次训练游泳45min)结合对小鼠体重、肥胖小鼠骨骼肌中游离脂肪酸(FFA)和肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1(CPT-1)含量及脂肪酸转移酶CD36(FAT/CD36)蛋白表达量的影响。结果表明:实验28d后,Ⅱ组(运动)、Ⅲ组(灌胃灵芝三萜白蛋白纳米体)体重显著低于Ⅰ组(肥胖模型),Ⅳ组(灌胃灵芝三萜白蛋白纳米体结合运动)体重极显著低于Ⅰ组;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的骨骼肌FFA含量极显著低于Ⅰ组;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的骨骼肌中CPT-1含量和FAT/CD36蛋白表达量均显著低于Ⅰ组,而Ⅳ组极显著低于Ⅰ组。     

灵芝多糖降血糖作用的研究

目的：研究灵芝多糖对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠、去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠及正常小鼠血糖水平的影响。方法：制备四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型及去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠模型,给药2周后取血测定血糖水平。结果：灵芝多糖能明显降低四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠及去甲肾上腺索所致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平,其中高剂量组与模型对照组相比均有显著意义（P〈0．05）,而对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小,低、中、高剂量组与正常对照组相比均无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论：灵芝多糖对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠及去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠具有明显降血糖作用,而对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小。     

不同灵芝孢子粉产品的多糖成分比较

五种市售的灵芝(Ganoderma lingzhi)孢子粉产品被用于评价其多糖含量和成分,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定五种灵芝孢子粉产品的多糖含量、高效液相色谱分析其多糖指纹图谱、离子色谱分析灵芝孢子粉多糖的单糖组成。根据结果,不同来源的灵芝孢子粉总糖含量在2.05%~8.82%之间、多糖含量在1.05%~1.87%之间,而且多糖的种类及其水解后单糖组成也有明显的差异,结果表明市售灵芝孢子粉产品的多糖有显著不同。     

Effect of acupuncture on mitophagy of skeletal muscle in rats with exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage

AIM: The effect of acupuncture on mitophagy-related protein expression in skeletal muscle of rats after heavy-load exercise was investigated to explore the role of acupuncture in the repairment of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. METHODS: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=128) were randomly divided into 4 groups:control (C, n=8) group, exercise (E, n=40) group, acupuncture (A, n=40) group, and exercise and acupuncture (EA, n=40) group. The rats in E group and EA group performed an eccentric exercise, and the rats in A group and EA group immediately after exercise received acupuncture treatment. The rats in the latter 3 groups were further divided into 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h sub-groups (n=8), and soleus muscle was collected at each time point. The transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle. The content of citrate synthase (CS) was measured by ELISA. The protein expression of skeletal muscle PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: After the heavy-load exercise, the mitochondria swelled and accumulated under cell membrane. The number of mitophagosomes was increased, and the content of CS was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The expression of PINK1, parkin and LC3 was significantly elevated (P<0.05). However, the acupuncture intervention after exercise promoted the recovery of mitochondrial ultrastructure, attenuated mitophagolysosome formation, maintained CS content and down-regulated the expression of PINK1, parkin and LC3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Heavy-load exercise causes the damages of mitochondrial structure and function in the skeletal muscle and activates PINK1/parkin pathway to induce excessive occurrence of mitophagy. Acupuncture intervention after exercise is able to alleviate the damage of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle through decreasing the expression of mitochondrial outer membrane protein PINK1, reducing the recruitment of downstream cytoplasmic protein parkin, thereby affecting the combination of LC3 and mitochondria to inhibit the overactivation of mitophagy.     

灵芝多糖在运动员抗脂质过氧化中的作用

研究旨在通过对灵芝多糖的结构及生物活性的了解与开发,发掘其中有利于运动抗脂质过氧化的功能.以人工赤芝子实体为原料,通过无水乙醇、正丁醇、氯仿、乙醚、苯酚等主要试剂结合超声和水提液过滤烘干工艺提取灵芝多糖粉剂,并制成每片含量为250 mg的灵芝多糖药剂片.通过对24名运动员进行不同剂量的灵芝多糖片服用试验,与另外8人对照...     

Salvianolate attenuates oxidative stress injury of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide

AIM: To investigate the effect of salvianolate on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.METHODS: EA.hy926 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into the following groups:control group, damage group, and anti-damage groups (salvianolate+damage groups). The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The migration ability of the EA.hy926 cells was detected by Transwell assay. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of the EA.hy926 cells was examined. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by ELISA. The apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular superoxide anion content of the EA.hy926 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB and p53 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with damage group, the viability of EA.hy926 cells pretreated with salvianolate at different concentrations was significantly increased (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Savianolate enhanced the migration ability of the cells. The levels of VEGF, NO and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were increased (P<0.05), and the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB, p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased, and the protein level of Bcl-2 was markedly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Savianolate reduces the damage of EA.hy926 cells by hydrogen peroxide exposure, and its mechanism may be related to the blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway.     

裂褶菌对有氧性运动疲劳恢复作用

以动物实验的方法分析裂褶菌改善人体疲劳的情况,检测裂褶菌子实体干粉和发酵液对小鼠肝糖原含量、肌糖原含量、琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)活力、乳酸脱氢酶(1actic dehydrogenase,LDH)活力、血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)含量及血乳酸(1actic acid,LD)含量的影响。结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组小鼠的肝糖原含量、SDH活力及LDH活力极显著高于对照组(饲喂100%基础饲料)(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的肌糖原含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);运动后试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组小鼠的BUN增量和LD的水平极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),说明裂褶茵具有明显解除运动疲劳的作用。     

不同栽培配方对灵芝产量与品质的影响

为研究灵芝栽培中木屑与棉籽壳的最佳配比,本研究设置了不同木屑与棉籽壳比例的4个栽培配方,以木屑为主的常规栽培配方1为对照,从产量、品质(多糖含量、三萜含量和水提物抗氧化活性等指标)综合分析,筛选出优良配方.结果显示,从产量方面看,配方3、配方5单袋产量较高,分别比对照配方提高了33.49％、30.01％,其次是配方4,...     

Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide

AIM: To investigate effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. METHODS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded with model 6280 physiology intelligentialize grapher, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) concentrations in plasma were measured after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or following LPS ,ANP was injected into vein in rats. After experiment,lung water as well as pulmonary histopathological changes was measured and observed, respectively. RESULTS: Administration of LPS elicited a persistence decrease in MAP (8.1 kPa±2.6 kPa,at 4 h,P<0.01 vs control); NO and ET concentration in plasma was evident higher than that in control group, respectively (P<0.01); Wet-dry ratio of lung was higher than that in control group (5.15±0.43,at 4 h) (P<0.05); Alveolus detelectasis was observed and pulmonary mesenchyme was thicker than that in control group. No erythrocyte and leukocytes in alveolus,which show an interstitial pulmonary edema, was observed in LPS+ANP group, ANP maintained MAP at higher levels (13.35 kPa±2.93 kPa, at 4 h, P<0.05 vs LPS) after an transient decline when LPS was injected; NO and ET concentration of plasma had all significantly decrease, respectively (P<0.05 vs LPS, at 4 h); Wet-dry ratio of lung was lower than LPS group (4.57±0.35, P<0.05). Compared with control group the ratio was not evident difference (P>0.05); The histopathological of lung displayed markedly improved. CONCLUSION: ANP attenuates ALI induced by LPS in the rat. The effect of ANP may be via decreasing secretion of ET,NO and regulation arterial blood pressure.     

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuate oxidative stress injury of human endothelium-like EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide

AIM: To study the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on oxidative stress injury of human endothelium-like EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). METHODS: The EA.hy926 cell model of oxidative stress injury was established by H₂O₂ treatment. The EA.hy926 cells were divided into 5 groups:control group, damage (H₂O₂ at 50 mmol/L) group, LBP (100 mg/L) group, anti-damage groups (LBP at 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L or 200 mg/L+50 mol/L H₂O₂), and LY294002 (20 μmol/L) group. The effect of LBP at different concentrations on the cell viability of EA.hy926 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the optimum concentration of LBP was screened out. The apoptotic of EA.hy926 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining was used to observe the morphological characteristics of the apoptotic cells. The cell migration ability was detected by scratch method. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cell culture medium were examined. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), p-eNOS and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: LBP at concentration of 100 mg/L significantly attenuated the injury of EA.hy926 cells induced by H₂O₂, as indicated by improved cell viability (P<0.05) and decreased apoptosis (P<0.05). Pretreatment with LBP elevated the levels of NO and VEGF (P<0.05), and promoted the migration ability of EA.hy926 cells. LBP also increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3, and up-regulated the protein levels of eNOS and p-eNOS. The protective effect of LBP were abolished by pretreatment of the EA.hy926 cells with the inhibitor of PI3K (P<0.05). As a result, the protein level of p-Akt was down-regulated, and the level of NO was also significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: LBP has protective effect on H₂O₂ -induced EA.hy926 cells by attenuating apoptosis of the cells. The mechanism is closely related to the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.