中华人民共和国农业部苏联专家巴列金同志关于中国畜牧兽医工作几个问题的意见(摘录)

一、关于牲畜的饲养与饲料问题专家组全体专家一致认为发展畜牧业中最重要的问题就是组织饲料基地,正确利用饲料并进行正确的饲养。正确地对牲畜进行饲养,不仅在改良土种牲畜上非常重要,同时在引用外种于当地进行杂交改良时也是非常重要的问题。此外,根据许多牧场的情况说明对正确进行饲养,正确利用饲料这一重要因素的重视不够,而偏重由外地引入优良牲畜;同时也正由于各地不重视牲畜     

养畜场的饲料加工车间

<正> 苏联文尼查省为了饲养出肥壮牲畜,广泛地利用了多种成份的配合饲料。这种饲料混合物是在按照标准设计方案建成的饲料车间里生产出来的。但是,这种饲料生产车间的生产效率不高,每小时不超过10吨,因此,不适于大型畜牧企业生产的需要。最近,该省设计院,研究、设计出适合于大规模饲养牲畜的新型饲料生产车间。该车间生产能力最高可达每小时生产配合饲料40吨。     

在农场现场评定青贮品质的方法(A.M.米亨氏青贮品质鉴定标准方案介绍)

在互助组、农业生产合作社和国营农牧场里,提倡利用各种可以作为牲畜饲料的原料,例如玉米稭、甘薯蔓、野青草等、进行窖野青贮,是改进我国牲畜饲养方式的一个极端重要的措施。青贮饲料对所有类别的农业牲畜,都是极有价值的一种饲料。优良的青贮饲料含有很多容易消化的营养物质,并在舍饲时期几乎成为牲畜所需维生素的最重要的来源。饲料青贮之后,营养价值很高,保证了牲畜多汁饲料的供应。例如,     

墨西哥开发仙人掌饲料效果好

据化验.仙人掌的肉质茎片中含有大量的综合营养素和微量元素,其含量远远高于其它农作物。因此,墨西哥的许多干旱地区种植仙人掌用来作饲料,并成为这些干旱地区饲养牲畜的唯一饲料源。仙人掌与其它饲料配合喂养牛、羊、猪等牲畜,不必另外喂水,饲养效果特好。现在,墨西哥还选育出无刺的     

水貂用牲畜副产品干饲料的加工方法

<正> 在牧区,每年都有大量的牲畜副产品可作为饲养水貂的饲料。在没有冷库的情况下,如何在饲料生产旺季,利用牲畜下水和血液在当地加工成于饲料,以解决春夏季饲料不足的问题,已成为牧区发展水貂的可循之径。在生产实践中,可采用下面几种简而易行的土方法对牲畜的副产品进行加工。     

饲料自动撒食器

法国一家公司研制成一种用于牲畜和家禽饲养的饲料自动撒食器,可撒颗粒饲料,如玉米、小麦和大麦等。     

青贮玉米饲料在家畜养殖中的应用

青贮玉米具有适口性好、营养丰富、可长期保存等特点,被用作牛、羊等草食牲畜的青粗饲料。青贮玉米饲料的推广,既解决了牛、羊等食草家畜春冬季青饲料不足的问题,又可作为解决玉米秸秆处理不当造成环境问题的重要手段。主要就青贮玉米饲料概述、在草食牲畜饲养中的应用及青贮玉米的发展前景作一综述,以供大家参考。     

草粉喂畜好

洮安县东方红畜牧场,自1979年以来坚持用草粉饲料和草粉糖化饲料喂鹿、羊、马等牲畜,提高了生产性能,降低了饲养成本,增加了经济效益。一、草粉饲料的制做和饲喂方法:草粉的加工:用青干两用饲料粉碎机     

浅谈春季牲畜的饲养管理及疾病防治

春季的气候异常,且气温变化无常,昼夜温度变化显著.因为气温变暖,使得各种病原微生物在大量繁殖生长.冬季后,牲畜的抗病能力减弱,抵抗力不断下降,这也是牲畜发病的高发季节.所以春季需要加强牲畜的饲养管理,对牲畜进行春季疾病防治,以此提升牲畜的存活率、牲畜增重及饲料报酬.在牲畜市场价格低迷的情况下,降低养殖牲畜的投资成本,以此获得较高的经济效益.     

我国饲料工业发展前景广阔

当前我国饲料工业仍具有较大的发展潜力。虽然我国现在工业饲料生产能力居世界第二位，但目前的“供过于求”只是结构性的和相对的。首先，我国大部分偏远地区还主要依靠青饲料饲养牲畜，实际上工业饲料入户率仅为30％左右，市场潜力还相当大。其次，我国的草食牲畜、禽类的发展力度与人民生活水平日益提高的需要差距还较大，这也为饲料工业的发展提供了广阔的空间。另外，我国的饲料工业虽然有了一定的发展，但就科技水平来说还不高，鱼粉、添加剂等仍需大量进口。我国饲料工业发展前景广阔     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.