不同冬小麦品种产量和节水性状差异及对供水的反应

以24个冬小麦品种(系)为材料,在不同的灌水处理下,研究了产量、产量构成因素和抗旱指数的品种差异。结果表明,灌水处理间与品种间产量差异均极显著,灌水与品种互作差异显著。2水处理产量高于4水。石4185,冀 5579,石麦12等19个品种2水处理产量高于4水,多丰2000,师栾02-1,良星99等5个品种4水产量高于2水。分别以2水处理和4水处理下的产量作为水地产量计算抗旱指数,得出抗旱型,不抗旱型和中间型比例分别为4．2％, 29．2％,66．6％和20．8％,20．8％,58．4％。综合分析认为石麦12,冀5579和石新618等产量和节水综合性状较好的品种更适于节水栽培。     

小麦籽粒产量及穗部相关性状的QTL定位

由小麦品种花培3号和豫麦57杂交获得DH群体168个株系,种植于3个环境中,利用305个SSR标记对籽粒产量和穗部相关性状(穗长、穗粒数、总小穗数、可育小穗数、小穗着生密度、千粒重和粒径)进行了QTL定位。利用基于混合线性模型的QTLNetwork 2.0软件,共检测到27个加性效应和13对上位效应位点,其中 8个加性效应位点具有环境互作效应。相关性高的性状间有一些共同的QTL位点,表现出一因多效或紧密连锁效应。5D染色体区段Xwmc215–Xgdm63,检测到控制籽粒产量、穗粒数、总小穗数、可育小穗数和小穗着生密度5个性状的QTL位点,各位点的遗传贡献率较大且遗传效应方向相同,增效等位基因均来源于豫麦57,适用于分子标记辅助育种和聚合育种。控制千粒重与穗粒数的QTL位于染色体不同区段,有利于实现穗粒数与粒重的遗传重组。     

Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield Variations among Tetraploid Wheat Species Cultivated under Contrasting Precipitation Regimes

Nineteen accessions belonging to six tetraploid wheat species were evaluated and compared for carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield during two successive cropping seasons (1995 and 1996) under Mediterranean rainfed conditions. The two seasons differed markedly in precipitation regime. A wide variation for the measured traits was observed among the 19 accessions for carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield in both years. Significant differences were also noted between species accessions for Δ and grain yield. In both years, Triticum timopheevi (AG genome) showed lower Δ values than the other tetraploid species (all carrying the AB genome). Positive correlations were observed between Δ and grain yield in both years. The use of carbon isotope discrimination as an indirect selection criterion for yield under stress and the potential benefits of some alien tetraploid species in improving drought tolerance in durum wheat are discussed.     

Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Mineral Content in Wheat Grown under Three Different Water Regimes

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for transpiration efficiency and grain yield in wheat. However, because of the high cost for Δ analysis, attempts have been carried out to identify alternative screening criteria. Ash content (m_a) has been proposed as an alternative criterion for Δ in wheat and barley. A pot experiment was conducted to analyse the relationship between Δ and m_a in flag leaf and grain. Plants of 10 genotypes were cultivated under three different water regimes corresponding to moderate, intermediate and severe drought stress obtained by maintaining soil humidity at 75 %, 55 % and 45 % of the humidity at field capacity, respectively. Δ and m_a in flag leaf and grain showed significant differences between the moderate, intermediate and severe drought stress levels. Significant correlations were found among genotypes for Δ and m_a in flag leaf under severe drought stress, and for Δ and m_a in grain under intermediate and moderate drought stress. In flag leaf at anthesis, Δ was negatively associated to K content and positively to Mg content. At maturity, Δ in grain was negatively correlated with Mg and Ca contents in flag leaf and grain, respectively. These results suggested that these traits may be potentially useful traits, which could be surrogates for Δ.     

在干旱和正常水分条件下玉米穗部性状QTL分析

穗部性状与产量密切相关,因此对其进行遗传剖析可为玉米高产育种提供理论基础,尤其是对干旱胁迫下的稳产有重要意义。本研究以玉米骨干亲本黄早四分别与自交系掖478和齐319进行杂交,构建了两套F_2:3群体(分别记为Y/H和Q/H)。在正常水分灌溉和干旱胁迫下对穗长、穗粗、轴粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒重和穗重等7个穗部性状进行了表型鉴定,采用基于混合线性模型的单环境分析和相同处理水平的联合分析方法进行了QTL分析。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,2个群体的亲本及F_2:3家系的各性状值均低于正常水分条件,且穗粒重与穗长、穗重、穗粗呈正相关。在干旱胁迫下和正常水分条件下,通过两种检测方法共定位到75个玉米穗部性状QTL,其中Y/H群体共定位了20个QTL,分布在第1、第2、6、第5、第7、第10染色体上;Q/H群体共定位了55个QTL,分布在第2、第3、第4、第5、第6、第7、第9、第10染色体上;但是在干旱条件下两群体分别只检测到4个和19个QTL,明显低于正常水分条件下检测到的QTL数目。通过联合分析只检测到3个QTL与环境发生显著互作和6对QTL存在上位性互作效应,说明玉米穗部性状的遗传基础较为复杂。同时还发现,Y/H群体在正常灌溉与干旱条件下检测到2个一致性的QTL,分别是qKRE1-5-1和qKRE1-7-1,对表型变异解释的变化范围是6.15%~19.48%;Q/H群体检测到3个一致性QTL,分别是qKRE2-5-1、qGW2-10-1和qKRE2-3-1,对表型变异解释的变化范围是7.14%~16.65%,说明这些QTL受环境影响较小,能够稳定遗传,可以作为分子标记辅助选择的候选区间应用于玉米穗部性状抗旱性改良。     

Exogenous Glycinebetaine Enhances Grain Yield of Maize, Sorghum and Wheat Grown Under Two Supplementary Watering Regimes

Drought occurring at critical growth and developmental stages in cereals affects productivity by reducing biomass accumulation, grain set, and grain yield and quality. Maize (cv. SR-73), sorghum (cv. Trump), and wheat (cv. Spear) were established in drought-prone field conditions in Perth, Western Australia, in l994. The plants were then subjected to optimal and suboptimal supplementary watering regimes at growth stages that were sensitive to water availability. Glycinebetaine in aqueous solution was applied to leaves at three rates (2, 4 and 6 kg ha^?1 and a control) to establish whether its application could ameliorate the effects of drought on the yield of the crops. Above-ground biomass production was measured at the beginning and at termination of the watering regimes. Leaf tissue glycinebetaine concentrations were determined 1 and 3 weeks after application. At physiological maturity, grains from the crops were harvested and grain yield, number of grains m^?2 and single grain weight were recorded. Drought significantly reduced above-ground biomass production in maize (P = 0.047), but not in sorghum and wheat. Grain yield of maize, number of grains m^?2 of maize and sorghum, and single grain weight of sorghum were significantly depressed by drought. Foliar application of aqueous glycinebetaine marginally enhanced biomass production in the three crops and significantly increased grain yield of maize (P = 0.001) and sorghum (P = 0.003). It also resulted in more grains m^?2 of maize, sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), with interactions between water and glycinebetaine treatments for sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001 and 0.001. respectively). Residual tissue glycinebetaine levels remained high 3 weeks after application to the crops. The positive effects of glycinebetaine treatment appear to be linked to its physiological role as a plant osmoticum that improves drought tolerance. The results of these studies suggest that foliar application of glycinebetaine may be used to improve drought tolerance and economic yield of maize and sorghum, but not of wheat. Increased grain yield was associated with more grains m^?2 rather than greater single grain weight.     

小麦燕大1817×北农6号重组自交系群体在正常和盐胁迫水培条件下苗期性状的QTL定位

小麦苗期性状能够指示品种的耐盐性。本研究以小麦骨干亲本燕大1817与品系北农6号衍生的230个重组自交系为材料,利用2013年3个不同时间的水培试验数据和已经构建的SSR和SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱分别对正常和盐胁迫条件下根数和最长根长等7个苗期性状进行QTL定位。利用完备复合区间作图法(ICIM)共检测到69个加性效应QTL(LOD≥2.5),分布于除1A染色体外的所有20条染色体上,单个QTL解释的表型变异率为2.70%~19.00%。有46个QTL的增效效应来自于燕大1817,有23个QTL的增效效应来自于北农6号。有12个QTL能够在3个或3个以上的环境中被检测到,在燕大1817中定位到稳定的多分蘖主效QTL QTn.cau-7BS.1和盐胁迫条件下特异表达的根数QTL QRn.cau-2A,解析了小麦骨干亲本燕大1817的繁茂性和抗逆性遗传基础,为解析小麦品种耐盐遗传机制和耐盐性的分子标记辅助选择提供了重要信息。     

CIMMYT小麦种质C615抗叶锈病QTL分析

由Puccinia triticina引起的叶锈病是小麦主要病害之一, 引进种质C615具有叶锈病成株期抗性, 但其抗病性遗传机制尚不清楚。本研究以抗病亲本C615与高感叶锈病亲本宁麦18构建的F_2:7代重组自交系群体为材料, 利用337对多态性SSR标记构建遗传连锁图谱, 结合2016、2017连续两年的叶锈病鉴定结果进行复合区间作图, 结果在1BL、2DS、3BS、4DL和6BS染色体上共发现了5个抗性QTL, 暂命名为QLr.njau-1BL、QLr.njau-2DS、QLr.njau-3BS、QLr.njau-4DL和QLr.njau-6BS。其中, QLr.njau-1BL、QLr.njau-3BS和QLr.njau-4DL在两年均被检测到, 分别解释10.1%~15.7%、10.9%~13.5%和8.2%~9.0%的表型变异; 另2个QTL只在一年被检测到, 解释6.2%和9.2%的表型变异。除QLr.njau-2DS外的4个抗性QTL均来源于抗病亲本C615。QLr.njau-1BL和QLr.njau-4DL分别与已报道的慢病性基因Lr46、Lr67在同一区域, QLr.njau-3B可能为一个新的抗叶锈病QTL。此外, 本研究在C615/扬麦13 (轮回亲本)BC₄F₅回交群体中选出了15个农艺性状优良且抗叶锈病的株系, 利用与C615所含抗性QTL紧密连锁的7个SSR标记对其进行基因型检测, 结果显示所有这15个株系均含有来自C615的抗性QTL, 且有3个株系聚合了全部抗性位点, 表明C615可作为抗源亲本用于高产、抗病育种。本研究结果将为分子标记选育抗叶锈品种提供材料和技术支撑。     

Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination,Mineral Content and Gas Exchange Parameters in Vegetative Organs of Wheat Grown under Three Different Water Regimes

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for transpiration efficiency and grain yield in wheat. However, because of high cost for Δ analysis, attempts have been made to identify alternative screening criteria. Ash content (m_a) has been proposed as an alternative criterion for Δ in wheat and barley. A pot experiment was conducted to analyse the relationship between Δ, mineral content and gas exchange parameters in seedlings and leaves of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants of 10 genotypes were cultivated under three different water regimes corresponding to moderate (T₃), intermediate (T₂) and severe drought (T₁) stress obtained by maintaining soil humidity at 75 %, 55 % and 45 % of the humidity at field capacity respectively. Δ and m_a in seedlings and leaves showed significant differences among the three water treatments. Significant positive correlations were found between Δ and m_a in seedlings and leaves at elongation and anthesis stages in severe drought stress (T₁). Δ was negatively associated with potassium (K) content in intermediate drought stress (T₂) and positively with magnesium (Mg) content in T₂ and T₃ (moderate drought stress) in flag leaf at anthesis. There were negative correlations between Δ and single‐leaf intrinsic water‐use efficiency (W_T) in T₂ and T₃ at anthesis stage. Stronger positive associations were noted between Δ and stomatal conductance (g_s) in T₁ and T₂ than in T₃ at anthesis. These results suggested that Δ is a good trait as an indirect selection criterion for genotypic improvement in transpiration efficiency, while m_a is a possible alternative criterion of Δ in wheat vegetative organs, especially in stressed environments. Significant association was found between Δ and K, Mg and Ca contents that would merit being better investigated.     

施氮量对旱地小麦耗水特性和产量的影响

2009—2010和2010—2011小麦生长季, 分别利用小麦品种济麦22和山农16, 研究了施氮量0 (N0)、90(N1)、120 (N2)、150 (N3)、180 (N4)和210 kg hm^-2 (N5)条件下的小麦耗水特性和产量水平。N3处理的耗水量在播种至拔节期与N1和N2处理无显著差异, 但在拔节至成熟期显著高于N1和N2处理; N4处理各阶段耗水量与N3处理无显著差异; N5处理在返青至开花期耗水量显著增加。当施氮量由90 kg hm^-2增加到150 kg hm^-2时, 小麦对深层土壤贮水利用能力增强, 但施氮量继续增加, 80 cm以下土层土壤贮水消耗量未显著增加。N3处理在拔节后株间蒸发量显著低于N1和N2处理, 开花后旗叶水分利用效率显著高于N1和N2处理, 但与N4和N5处理拔节后的株间蒸发量及开花后旗叶水分利用效率无显著差异。在本试验条件下, N3处理的产量、水分利用效率和降水利用效率最高, 氮肥生产效率也较高, 因此150 kg hm^-2是适宜的施氮量。     

不同产量水平下冬小麦水肥利用特性研究

根据黄淮海地区冬小麦多年不同产量需肥特征进行配方施肥,来模拟冬小麦不同产量水平,进而研究不同产量下冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用等特性,为田间水肥管理和高效用水及合理施肥提供理论依据。本试验于2018—2019年在中国农业科学院新乡综合试验基地进行,试验设置4个产量水平,分别为7.50 t/hm²(C₀),8.25 t/hm²(C₅),9.00 t/hm²(C₁₀),9.75 t/hm²(C₁₅),以不施肥为对照处理(CK)。结果表明,随产量的增加,冬小麦株高、SPAD、穗数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和生物量均呈上升趋势,无效小穗数呈下降趋势,较CK处理相比,C₁₅处理株高、SPAD、穗数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和生物量分别提高17.8%、69.1%、68.6%、15.3%、16.5%、17.3%、34.9%,收获指数达到53.2%。随产量的增加,冬小麦耗水量显著增加,水分利用效率呈上升趋势,C₁₀耗水量增加22.8%,水分利用效率增加9.9%;收获后C₁₀土壤全氮全磷较播前显著增加,C₁₅显著减少,肥料贡献率随产量增加显著提高,偏生产力显著降低。冬小麦产量的提高主要依赖于较高的穗数和全生育期干物质的积累,结合冬小麦产量、耗水量,水分利用等认为C₁₀处理水肥利用最佳。     

不同密氮模式下高产玉米品种籽粒产量与氮素利用特性研究

为给玉米高产高效栽培提供科学依据,在大田试验条件下,选用郑单958和先玉335为材料,在每个品种下设置2个种植密度(6.75,8.25万株/hm~2)和4个施氮水平(0,180,240,300 kg/hm~2),研究了种植密度和施氮水平下2个高产玉米品种籽粒产量和氮素吸收利用特性。结果表明:在相同密度水平下,2个玉米品种籽粒产量、氮素积累量和蛋白质产量均随施氮量增加总体呈现增加趋势,氮素利用效率则降低;在相同施氮水平下,2个玉米品种籽粒产量、氮素积累量和蛋白质产量均随密度的增加总体呈现增加趋势,氮素利用效率则降低。在不同密氮组合下,先玉335的籽粒产量、氮素积累量、蛋白质产量及氮素利用效率均高于郑单958。本研究条件下,2个玉米品种在密度为8.25万株/hm~2,施氮量为240 kg/hm~2组合下,均可以同步协调实现籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和氮素利用效率的协调统一。     

水稻粒型和粒重的QTL定位分析

利用以两个籼稻品种H359和Acc8558为亲本杂交建立的重组自交系群体及相应的分子标记连锁图，对水稻粒长、粒宽和粒重进行了QTL定位分析。检测到15个与粒长有关的QTL、17个与粒宽有关的QTL及16个与粒重有关的QTL，它们可分别解释75．91％、76．20％和81．40％的表型变异。其中在5号染色体上检测到1个控制粒宽的主效QTL，可解释26．65％的表型变异。粒长和粒宽之间虽然相关显著，但相关系数很小(r=0．180)。而QTL分析结果也显示，两者的QTL位置很少相同。这说明粒长和粒宽有不同的遗传基础。粒长和粒宽与粒重的相关系数分别为0．781和0．461，直接通径系数分别为0．7220和0．3299。QTL定位结果也显示，粒长与粒重的QTL位置相近或重叠的较多。因此，粒长对粒重的贡献较大。     

拔节期补灌对两种土壤质地上冬小麦旗叶衰老特性和籽粒产量的影响

为明确不同质地土壤条件下,拔节期补灌对冬小麦旗叶衰老特性、光合速率、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响,2013-2014和2014-2015冬小麦生长季,在粉壤土和沙壤土地块进行补灌试验,以全生育期不灌水处理(D0)为对照,设4个灌水处理,分别是拔节期目标湿润层为0~10 (D1)、0~20 (D2)、0~30 (D3)和0~40 cm (D4),目标相对含水量均为100%,4个灌水处理开花期补灌水量均以0~20 cm土层相对含水量达100%为目标。结果显示,随目标湿润层深度增加,两种质地土壤地块小麦拔节期补灌水量均明显增加,开花期补灌水量变化较小。随拔节期灌水量的增大,开花后小麦旗叶可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、旗叶光合速率均呈升高趋势,丙二醛含量呈下降趋势;粉壤土条件下D3与D4无显著差异,沙壤土条件下D2、D3和D4处理间无显著差异。随着拔节期目标湿润层深度的增加,两种土壤质地的麦田耗水量和籽粒产量均呈增加趋势,D4与D3处理间籽粒产量无显著差异;而水分利用效率则呈先升后降趋势,D4显著低于D3或D2处理。在本试验条件下,根据某一深度土层土壤饱和水亏缺量进行补灌,无论是粉壤土还是沙壤土,拔节期均以补灌至0~30 cm土层相对含水量达100%为最佳,有利于延缓旗叶衰老,提高光合速率,并可获得较高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率。     

不同滴灌制度对冬小麦光合特性及水分利用效率的影响

以冬小麦青麦7号为材料,设置7个不同滴灌制度处理,即按照小麦生育期分别进行不灌水（ CK1）、漫灌（CK2）、滴1水（W1）、滴2水（W2）、滴3水（W3）、滴4水（W4）和滴5水（W5）,初步研究了不同滴灌制度对冬小麦光合速率及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与CK1和CK2相比,滴4水和滴5水花后旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）显著升高,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）显著降低;各滴灌处理中,花后0～30 d,随着滴灌次数的增加,小麦旗叶SPAD值、Pn、Gs和Tr表现为：W4＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1,W4处理维持较高的光合速率;各处理之间产量差异显著,表现为：W4＞CK2＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1＞CK1;滴4水的水分利用效率（22．23 kg/（mm·hm2））,显著高于其他处理。综合考虑光合及产量因素,在本半湿润易旱区条件下,以起身水＋拔节水＋开花水＋灌浆水（滴4水）为节水高产最优滴灌制度。     

向日葵高密度遗传连锁图谱构建及两种水分条件下芽期性状的QTL分析

干旱胁迫对向日葵发芽出苗有重要影响。以K55×K58组合衍生的187个F6重组自交系为材料,利用SSR、SRAP、AFLP标记构建向日葵高密度遗传连锁图谱,设置正常水分(CK)和模拟干旱(18%聚乙二醇PEG-6000)两种水分条件,调查9个芽期数量性状,PCR扩增株系,构建一张包含17个连锁群、1105个标记(368个SSR、368个SRAP和369个AFLP)的高密度遗传连锁图谱。该图谱覆盖基因组长度3846.0 c M,平均图距3.48 c M,连锁群长度147.6~295.5 c M,每个连锁群标记数10~165个。两种条件下检测到33个QTL,其中干旱条件下检测到发芽指数、发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长、胚芽鲜重和胚根鲜重6个性状的14个QTL,可解释6.1%~14.0%的表型变异;正常水分(CK)条件下检测到发芽势、胚根长、胚芽鲜重、胚根鲜重、胚根干重和胚芽干重6个性状的19个QTL,可解释6.1%~25.8%的表型变异。两种水分条件下检测到Qefw5-1、Qefw5-2、Qefw5-4、Qrfw5、Qrfw10和Qrl9共6个QTL的遗传贡献率超过10%,此外,还检测到9个影响干旱胁迫与正常水分条件下性状差值的QTL,可能对抗旱性有直接贡献。这些QTL可为向日葵芽期抗旱分子设计育种研究提供重要参考。     

Effect of Rooting Pattern on Rice Productivity under Different Water Regimes

Three rice varieties, viz. ADT 31 (drought tolerant) CO 41 (upland) and IR 50 (drought susceptible), were employed to study their rooting patterns under different water regimes. ADT 31 had better root penetration and distribution under water stress situation compared to others. The values on root weight also established a similar trend. Isotopic studies with ³²P also provided evidence in this regard wherein the variety ADT 31 showed its adaptiveness to drought. Marginal reduction in plant height, less tiller production and leaf area reductions were noted in ADT 31 and CO 41 under decreasing soil moisture which showed its ability to cope with the water stress situation. Though IR 50 recorded higher grain yield at normal irrigation, a drastic reduction was noted under extreme water deficit. But ADT 31 recorded consistent values in all situations with slight marginal reduction which evidently proved the interdependent nature of rooting pattern and its influence on productivity.     

普通小麦多酚氧化酶活性的QTL分析

多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）是引起面团（片）颜色褐变的主要原因。利用122对SSR引物、4对贮藏蛋白的STS引物和10对AFLP引物组合，分析了中优9507´CA9632的71个DH系的基因型，构建了由173个位点组成的遗传连锁图，在小麦21个连锁群上覆盖2 881 cM。将该群体种植于3种环境，采用复合区间作图法（CIM）进行了P     

利用高密度SNP 遗传图谱定位小麦穗部性状基因

小麦穗部性状之间相关性密切, 其中穗粒数和千粒重是重要的产量构成要素, 挖掘与穗部性状相关联的基因位点对分子标记辅助育种及解释基因效应具有重要意义。本研究以RIL群体(山农01-35×藁城9411) 173个F_8:9株系为材料, 利用90 k小麦SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片技术及传统的分子标记技术构建的高密度遗传图谱, 在5个环境下进行穗部相关性状QTL定位。检测到位于1B、4B、5B、6A染色体上7个控制千粒重的加性QTL, 解释表型变异率6.00%~36.30%, 加性效应均来自大粒母本山农01-35; 检测到8个控制穗长的加性QTL, 解释表型变异率14.34%~25.44%; 3个控制穗粒数的加性QTL; 5个控制可育小穗数的加性QTL; 3个控制不育小穗数的加性QTL, 贡献率为8.70%~37.70%; 4个控制总小穗数的加性QTL; 6个控制小穗密度的加性QTL。通过基因型与环境互作分析, 检测到32个加性QTL, 解释表型变异率0.05%~1.05%。在4B染色体区段EX_C101685–RAC875_C27536检测到控制粒重、穗长、穗粒数、可育小穗数、不育小穗数、总小穗数的一因多效QTL,其贡献率为5.40%~37.70%, 该位点在多个环境中被检测到, 是稳定主效QTL。在6A染色体wPt-0959-TaGw2-CAPS区间上检测到控制粒重、总小穗数的QTL。研究结果为穗部性状的分子标记开发、基因精细定位和功能基因克隆奠定了基础。     

灌水对强筋小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及其稳定性的影响

2005—2006年小麦生长季, 利用7个强筋品种, 按统一设计方案分别在7个省进行田间试验, 研究灌水在不同生态环境下对籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及其稳定性的调控效应。结果表明, 在小麦生育期平均降水量低于常年的情况下, 各试验点的平均产量以灌3次水(灌水时期分别为春2叶露尖、春5叶露尖和开花期,每次灌水量均为600 m³ hm^-2)的处理最高, 显著高于灌2次水(灌水时期为春5叶露尖和开花期, 每次灌水量均为600 m³ hm^-2)和灌1次水(灌水时期为春5叶露尖期, 灌水量为600 m³ hm^-2)的处理, 但与灌4次水(灌水时期分别为春2叶露尖、春5叶露尖、开花期和灌浆期,每次灌水量均为600 m³ hm^-2)的处理差异不显著。随着灌水次数和灌水量的增加, 各试验点总体呈现产量提高和试验点间差异缩小的趋势, 产量环境指数越低的试验点, 灌水处理的增产效果越好。说明灌水可使不同生态环境下强筋小麦产量的稳定性增强。平均产量越高的品种, 在各试验点间的产量变异越小, 即稳定性越好; 产量的环境指数越高, 品种间产量变异系数越小。不同灌水处理的籽粒蛋白质含量差异显著, 随灌水次数增加, 平均蛋白质含量有逐渐降低的趋势, 但在降水过少的河北任丘试验点, 增加灌水使蛋白质含量有所提高。同一品种在不同试验点的蛋白质含量有较大变化。在各试验点间变异系数小的品种, 其蛋白质含量静态稳定性较好; 而变异系数大的品种则对生态环境变化有较大反应, 说明其品质的栽培可塑性较强。