浅谈猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）

PCV-2是近几年来一种新发现的病毒,它所致疾病能给养猪业带来很大的经济损失。 PCV为圆环病毒科圆环病毒属成员,单股环状DNA病毒。PCV存在两种血清型,即PCV-1(猪圆环病毒1型)和PCV-2(猪圆环病毒2型)。PCV-1经常存在于机体各组织器官和某些传代细胞中,不致病。PCV-2则是引起PMWS(猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征)的主要病原。据发现,单     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF3蛋白的表达及抗原性鉴定

为研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF3蛋白的免疫活性,对其进行了表达及初步鉴定。根据NCBI上PCV-2ORF3的基因序列(FR823451)设计特异性引物,扩增后将其插入pET28a表达载体构建了重组表达质粒pET-PCV-2-ORF3,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹进行了鉴定。随后又用圆环病毒野毒感染猪和重组ORF2免疫小鼠的阳性血清对表达蛋白的免疫原性进行了检测。结果表明,构建成功的pET-PCV-2-ORF3表达菌被诱导后能大量表达PCV-2 ORF3蛋白。ORF3表达蛋白能与圆环病毒野毒感染猪的阳性血清发生特异性反应,与重组疫苗免疫鼠的阳性血清不能发生反应,表明ORF3蛋白具有很好的免疫原性和反应原性,有望作为圆环病毒野毒感染检测的靶抗原。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染的危害及防控对策

猪圆环病毒是指以PCV-2型圆环病毒为主要病原、单独或继发（混合）感染其他致病微生物的一系列疾病的总称。猪的圆环病毒2型（即PCV-2）感染最近几年在世界各地普遍流行,对养猪业威胁极大,已引起人们的高度关注。     

规模化猪场猪圆环病毒病的诊断及综合防制

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)自发现以来,由其引起的疫病呈上升趋势,给全世界养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。该病毒主要侵害哺乳仔猪和育肥猪,引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)、PCV-2相关性繁殖障碍、仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、PCV-2相关性肠炎等疾病。该病严重影响猪生长发育,且致死率较高,并引起典型的临床症状和病理变化。作者对PCV-2的特性、流行特征、猪圆环病毒相关疾病、诊断及综合防制措施作了简要的综述。     

广西地区猪圆环病毒2型和猪圆环病毒3型基因型监测及遗传进化分析

为了明确猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV-2)和猪圆环病毒3型(Porcine circovirus type 3,PCV-3)在广西地区的分子流行病学情况,试验通过PCR方法对2017年来自广西不同地区的80份猪肺脏样品进行PCV-2和PCV-3核酸检测,并对PCV-2和PCV-3的阳性样品进行ORF2基因的扩增和测序,同时利用生物信息学软件DNAStar和MEGA 6.06对PCV-2和PCV-3的ORF2基因进行同源性分析和构建遗传进化树。结果表明:2017年广西地区PCV-2和PCV-3的总感染率分别为43.8%(35/80)和33.8%(27/80),PCV-2和PCV-3的共感染率为16.3%(13/80)。试验获得的19个PCV-2 ORF2基因序列之间的核苷酸同源性为93.6%～99.9%,对应氨基酸同源性为93.1%～100%;19个PCV-2 ORF2基因序列与国内外参考毒株ORF2基因序列的核苷酸同源性为82.8%～99.9%,对应氨基酸同源性为83.3%～99.6%。试验获得的2个PCV-3 ORF2基因序列之间的核苷酸同源性为99.8%,对应氨基酸同源性为100%;2个PCV-3 ORF2基因序列与国内外参考毒株ORF2基因序列的核苷酸同源性为97.7%～99.8%,对应氨基酸同源性为96.2%～100%。获得的19个PCV-2 ORF-2基因序列中,12个为PCV-2b亚型,7个为PCV-2d亚型;获得的2个PCV-3 ORF2基因序列为PCV-3a亚型,与丹麦和中国湖南分离得到的PCV-3亲缘关系较近。说明PCV-2和PCV-3在广西地区猪群中感染率很高,PCV-2感染主要以PCV-2b亚型为主,PCV-3之间高度保守,分布无地域性规律。     

猪圆环病毒病继发副猪嗜血杆菌病的诊治

<正>猪圆环病毒（PCV）分为1型（PCV-1）和2型（PCV-2）,其中PCV-1无致病性,PCV-2有致病性,猪圆环病毒病就是由PCV-2引起的免疫抑制性疾病。猪圆环病毒病成为了继猪繁殖与呼吸综合征症（PRRS）之后出现的对当前世界养猪业经济发展造成严重损失的动物传染病。PCV-2型感染病猪能直接引起的疾病类型包括：断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征（PMWS）、猪皮炎与肾病综合征（PDNS）、增生性坏死性肺炎（PNP）等严重危害生命健康的疾病。感染猪圆环病毒后使得机体免疫力下降,一般最容易引起产生呼吸道继发感染细菌性疾病,     

猪圆环病毒病及其综合防治

猪圆环病毒是目前发现的最小的一种哺乳动物病毒,它是一种无囊膜、共价闭合、负股、单链DNA病毒,属于圆环病毒科圆环病毒属,包括两个血清型即PCV-1和PCV-2。其中PCV-1无致病性;而PCV-2则有致病性,最早在加拿大西部的SPF猪群分离得到,此后世界各地陆续有PCV-2感染发病的报道。PCV-2感染引起几种综合征和疾病,包括仔猪多系统衰弱综合征（PMWS）、猪皮炎肾病综合征（PDNS）、繁殖障碍、猪呼吸综合征、肉芽性肠炎、坏死性淋巴腺炎、渗出性皮炎等。目前,由PCV-2感染引起的各种疾病已遍布世界各地,给世界养猪业带来巨大损失。在欧洲每年使养猪业损失6亿欧元,在北美造成的损失是每周1000万美元。     

规模猪场PCV-2感染诊断技术的研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type2,PCV-2)与多种猪疾病综合征有关,PCV-2感染给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。主要对PCV-2的生物学特性及诊断PCV-2感染的常用方法作一介绍,以期为临床正确诊断该病提供参考。     

猪圆环病毒2型浙江株ORF2基因的克隆及序列分析

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2基因的分子特征,试验采用PCR方法从疑似圆环病毒感染的猪组织病料中扩增ORF2基因(702 bp),将纯化后的PCR产物克隆入pMD18-T载体,筛选鉴定重组质粒T-ORF2,并进行序列测定。结果表明:克隆的PCV-2 ORF2与加拿大分离株(AF118097)、美国分离株(AY099495)的同源性最高,核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别达98.7%和97.9%,与其他PCV-2毒株同源性分别为97.0%~98.6%和94.0%~97.9%。     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF3基因的原核表达

用原核表达系统表达猪圆环病毒2型ORF3基因,分析ORF3蛋白的抗原性。根据GenBank上公布的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)核苷酸序列进行分析,针对ORF3基因设计并合成1对特异性引物,PCR扩增该基因,并将此片段克隆入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)上,命名为pET32a-ORF3,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta-blue(DE3) pLacⅠ感受态细胞,1.0 mmol/L IPTG 37 ℃诱导表达。结果表明,PCR扩增得到315 bp的片段,重组蛋白大小约为29 ku,与预期大小相符。Western blotting分析结果表明,重组蛋白能与抗His-tag的单克隆抗体反应,不与PCV-2阳性血清发生反应。猪圆环病毒2型ORF3基因能在大肠杆菌中成功表达,但与阳性血清之间没有反应原性,为进一步研究PCV-2 ORF3蛋白的功能及特性奠定基础。     

Generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which is an important economical disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. In order to develop an effective vaccine for PMWS, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV) was generated and tested in piglets in this study. The PCV2 open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene was inserted into pIECMV plasmid and co-transfected with PRV Tk-/gE-/LacZ+ genome into IBRS-2 cells to generate a recombinant Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) virus. The expression of PCV2 ORF2 gene in the recombinant virus was confirmed by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Four-week-old piglets were immunized by the recombinant virus, and the immunogenicity of PRV Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) was tested by PRV-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PRV neutralizing assay, ORF2-ELISA and ORF2 specific lymphocyte proliferation response. PRV Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) elicited significant humoral immune responses to both PRV and PCV2, and the PCV2-specific lymphocyte proliferation response could be detected on day 49 of this experiment. These findings suggest that the recombinant PRV Tk-/gE-/ORF2(+) may be a potential vaccine against both PCV2 and PRV.     

The studies on the transfection of EGFP-fused porcine circovirus Type 2 genome

This study described construction and transfection of an EGFP-fused Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) genome and the recovery of the virus. Posttransfection, PCV2 (ORF1)-EGFP/pSK, PCV2 (ORF3)-EGFP/pSK, PCV2 (ORF4)-EGFP/pSK and PCV2(ORF5)-EGFP/pSK showed no fluorescent signals in transfected cells, while green fluorescent signals were observed in the nuclei of PK-15 cells after PCV2 (ORF2)-EGFP/pSK transfection. The presence of ORF2-EGFP fusion protein was demonstrated by dual signals of green fluorescence and anti-PCV2 antibodies conjugated with rhodamine in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Furthermore, the released EGFP-fused PCV2 genome was demonstrated by real-time PCR.     

An ORF2 protein-based ELISA for porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in swine. As PCV2 displays significant homology with PCV1 (a non-pathogenic virus) at the nucleotide and amino-acid level, a discriminative antigen is needed for specific serological diagnosis. The ORF2-encoded capsid protein from PCV2 was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GST-fused capsid protein from PCV2 and GST alone (both expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells) were used as antigens for serodiagnosis. The specificity of the ELISA for detection of PCV2 antibodies was demonstrated in sera from pigs experimentally infected with PCV1, PCV2 and other swine viruses. The semi-quantitative nature of the test was evaluated versus an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). The ELISA was performed on 322 sera from pigs in eight Brittany herds and compared with IPMA. The sensitivity (98.2%) and specificity (94.5%) of this test were considered suitable for individual serological detection. High PCV2 seroprevalence was found in sows and pigs at the end of the growth phase (18-19 weeks) in all eight herds. The seroprevalence in piglets (11-17 weeks) was statistically correlated with clinical symptoms of PMWS (93% in affected versus 54%, in non-affected farms). A cohort study performed in PMWS-free farms showed that 57% of piglets exhibited active seroconversion after 13 weeks, indicating that PCV2 infection occurred earlier in PMWS-affected piglets.     

Immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing ORF1-ORF2 fusion protein of porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Pseudorabies (PR) is also an important infectious disease in swine and sometimes co-infect with PCV2. An attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been successfully used as a vector for live viral vaccines. In this study, a recombinant PRV expressing ORF1-ORF2 fusion protein of PCV2 was constructed and its immunogenicity was tested in mice and pigs. The ORF1 and partial ORF2 gene of PCV2 Yu-A strain were amplified by PCR and inserted into a transfer vector. The recombinant transfer plasmid was co-transfected with the EcoRI digested genome of vector virus (PRV TK-/gE-/LacZ+) into IBRS-2 cells. The recombinant pseudorabies virus PRV-PCV2 was purified by plaque purification and identified by PCR and Southern blotting. Expression of the ORF1-ORF2 fusion protein by the recombinant PRV-PCV2 virus was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis. The growth properties of the recombinant virus in cells were similar to that of the parent vector virus. In animal experiments, PRV-PCV2 elicited strong anti-PRV and anti-PCV2 antibodies in Balb/c mice as indicated by PRV-neutralizing assay, anti-PCV2 ELISA and PCV2 specific lymphocyte proliferation assay, respectively. And PRV-PCV2 immunization protected mice against a lethal challenge of a virulent PRV Ea strain. In pigs, PRV-PCV2 elicited significant immune response towards PRV and PCV2 as indicated by PRV-ELISA, PRV neutralizing assay and PCV2 specific lymphocyte proliferation assay, respectively. This is a first step toward the development of a potential candidate divalent vaccine against PRV and PCV2 infections.     

Immunogenicity of Empty Capsids of Porcine Circovius Type 2 Produced in Insect Cells

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a single-stranded DNA virus, is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). ORF2 protein (capsid) of PCV2 was recently demonstrated to be a major immunogenable to induce protection in pigs with a prime–boost protocol. In this study, the ORF2 gene of PCV2 was expressed in insect cells. The product self-assembled into particles that were structurally and antigenically indistinguishable from regular PCV2 capsids. To evaluated the immunogenicity of these virus-like particles, PCV2-free piglets were vaccinated with the crude lysate from recombinant baculovirus (Ac.ORF2)-infected insect cells, at doses of 0.1 ml (10⁶ cells), 0.5 ml (5 × 10⁶ cells) or 1.0 ml (10⁷ cells). The immune response was monitored by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PCV2 antibody and lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ELISA results indicated that primary immune response was elicited with 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml of crude lysate from Ac.ORF2. After boost immunization, relatively higher levels of PCV2 antibody were elicited in 0.5-ml or 1.0-ml vaccinated groups, compared to the 0.1-ml group. In addition, higher PCV2 specific lymphocyte proliferation response was developed in piglets vaccinated with 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml of crude lysate, especially in those vaccinated with with 1.0 ml of crude lysate. Thus, the expressed ORF2 protein has significant potential as a subunit vaccine against PCV2 infection.     

猪圆环病毒2型胶体金抗体检测方法的建立

为建立检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)胶体金检测方法,本研究对SPA蛋白进行胶体金标记,并喷涂于玻璃纤维上制备金标垫,分别以重组PCV2 ORF2蛋白和猪IgG作为检测线和质控线,制作PCV2抗体检测胶体金免疫层析试纸条。检测结果表明,试纸条操作简单,肉眼于10 min内可以判定结果,对PCV2免疫血清具有高度特异性,与猪其它病毒免疫血清无交叉反应,检测灵敏度与ELISA相近。试纸条在室温保存6个月,其特异性及灵敏度无明显变化。对临床采集的324份血清样品进行检测,结果与ELISA试剂盒总符合率为98.77%。表明本研究建立的PCV2抗体免疫层析检测方法具有特异、敏感、稳定、操作简单快捷等特点,适合于PCV2抗体的现场检测。     

猪圆环病毒2型流行毒株FF株的分离与鉴定

The materials from the clinical samples of kidney and inguinal lymph nodes characterized by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) of the pigs,proved to be porcine circovirus type 2 （PCV2） positive samples through the amplification of ORF2 gene of PCV2, were inoculated into the PK-15 cells (PCV1 free) and serially passaged 10 times.Identifications were done by PCR method and immunofluorescent assay of the tenth generation of cell cultures, and the specific band could be amplified and a strong bright green fluorescence in the nucleus of PK-15 cells could be detected.The results demonstrated that the isolated strain named as FF strain belonged to PCV2.     

检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2及PPV多重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank中的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2、猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2基因序列,设计了3对引物,成功建立了检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2和PPV的多重PCR诊断方法,扩增产物分别为288 bp、419 bp、681 bp。敏感性、特异性试验结果显示,该PCR对3种病毒的最低核酸检测量分别为PRV 48.2 pg/L、PCV-2 36.7 pg/L、PPV 0.25 ng/L,而PRV(gE基因缺失株)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、大肠杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。对87份自然感染病猪样品的检测结果表明,该多重PCR检测结果与单一PCR检测结果完全符合。结果表明,该多重PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床PRV野毒株和gE基因缺失疫苗株、PCV-2和PPV的检测。     

Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay and an ELISA to monitor porcine circovirus type 2 infection in pigs from farms with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether correlations exist between viremia with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and serum antibody profiles and between detection of PCV2 in nasal cavities and viremia of pigs from farms with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). ANIMALS: 495 pigs, ranging from the late nursery stage to the early grower-finisher stage of production. PROCEDURE: Serum antibodies to PCV2 were studied with an ELISA that detects the ORF2 viral protein. Nasal swab specimens and serum samples were tested with a PCV2-specific PCR assay. RESULTS: PCV2 DNA and serum antibodies to PCV2 were detected in pigs from all farms, although in different proportions. Overall, PCV2 DNA was detected in greater percentages in serum samples and nasal swab specimens of pigs from farms with PMWS. Although viral DNA was detected in both serum samples and nasal swab specimens, PCV2 detection in nasal swab specimens was higher than in serum samples of pigs from all farms. Serum antibodies to PCV2 were detected in a greater percentage of pigs from farms with PMWS, compared with farms without PMWS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A high prevalence of PCV2 infection was found in pigs from farms with and without PMWS. Besides the presence of PCV2, unknown additional factors may be necessary to induce the full expression of PMWS.     

2017~2018年华中地区猪圆环病毒2型分子流行病学分析

为了解华中地区近年来猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的分子流行情况,本中心对来自华中地区湖北、湖南、河南的1592份疑似PCV2感染病料进行了PCR鉴定,对部分阳性样品进行ORF2基因的克隆与测序,并进行同源性分析和遗传进化分析。结果表明:1592份样品中,有1091份样品检测为PCV2阳性,阳性率为68.53%,3个省份的PCV2感染率相近;其中38株PCV2 ORF2基因序列同源性为89.5%~100%,与参考序列的同源性为81.1%~99.9%;遗传进化分析显示,33株序列为PCV2d基因型,4株序列为PCV2b基因型,1株序列为PCV2a基因型。本研究结果表明,2017~2018年间华中地区PCV2流行的基因型以PCV2d为主,该结果对临床上PCV2的防控具有一定的指导意义,同时也为PCV2新型疫苗的研制积累了有效材料。