速生杨树杂种美×大青山青杨74—2选育小结

引言杨树是我区造林的主要树种之一。它不仅具有速生、适应性强、用途广、工艺价值高等特点,而且通过杂交易于产生新品种和定向培育。为了培育适合我区生长的优良杨树杂种,我们进行了速生、抗旱、抗盐、耐寒杨树杂种的优良单株选育。从1973年以来通过人工有性杂交,培育与选择以及区域试验,从我院杂交成功的238个杂交杨组合中,初步选出美×大青山青杨74—2。它的主要特征是,杂交优势显著、速生、容易繁殖、抗病虫力强、耐寒、适应性广。     

杨树杂交育种技术

杨树人工丰产林生产力的提高，不仅取决于栽培条件，尤为重要的是取决于它的遗传成分的改良，而进行杨树有性控制杂交又是杨树遗传改良的有效途径之一，本文根据几年来的杂交育种经验，对杨树水培杂交育种技术做一探讨。 1杂交组合的选配 　　根据速生、优质和抗寒育种改良目标，我们选择速生的南方型美洲黑杨和抗逆性强的北方型杨树品种做亲本进行杂交，选择亲本 26个、设计杂交组合 69个，其中 47个杂交组合获得成功，杂交成功率 68 1％，各品种间可配性高，成功率达 87％，白杨种与其它种之间可配性低，成功率仅达 12％，另外还做了多…     

杨树杂交试验与早期选择研究

利用引种成功的杨树优良品种(鲁山杨、圣山杨、欧美46杨)以及我省小叶杨开展杂交试验,并完成早期选择,苗期测试结果表明:各组合子代之间在苗高、地径、抗病性、侧枝数和节间距等性状方面有显著差异。通过综合选择,初步选择出综合性状表现较好的25个无性系,为进一步营建试验林选择出速生、优质、我省具有完全知识产权的杨树新品种奠定了基础。     

干旱地区廊坊杨3号冬季覆膜育苗技术

廊坊杨3号(POPulus Lang-fangensis 3)属黑杨派杨树,是河北省廊坊市农林科学院科技人员历经16 a,在382个杂交组合的28143株杂种无性系中选育出的在低产立地条件下速生、高产、优质的胶合板材、文化用纸材杨树新品种.榆中县于2003年引种并获得成功.     

杨树杂交组合类型区分及优良单株的初选

杨树是我县主要速生用材树种之一,在四旁绿化中占着重要地位,为培育适宜我县发展的速生、优质、抗逆性强的杨树新品种,我们于一九七四年开展了杨树的有性杂交育种试验。试搞了十九个组合,成功九个组合,获得杂种苗木3814株,移入圃地3219株,成活苗为2445株,截止年终调查,实保存杂种苗木有六个组合,计1004株,于今春我们将各组合按类型进行区分并单株扦插,进行无性系的繁殖,以便选择,为培育杨树     

杨树新品种生长性状及遗传分析

杨树新品种生长性状及遗传分析王庆斌王存德卢效东李国忠（牡丹江林管局科研所）（黑龙江省绥阳林业局）为了培育速生、抗逆性强的杨树新品种，选择具有生长速度快，成活率高的南方型美洲黑杨：Ｉ－６９（ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓＢａｒｔｒ．ｃｌ．″Ｌｕｘ″）...     

白杨透翅蛾在辽宁杨造林地的为害期及防治技术

辽宁杨是辽宁省杨树研究所通过杂交集团选育而成的耐寒、速生新品种。从１９９２年引进，现已是朝阳县杨树速生丰产林（含项目林）主栽品种之一。一般用截干苗造林，但栽植后２～３年内遭受白杨透翅蛾（Ｐａｒａｎｔｈｒｅｎｅｔａｂａｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）为害比较严重，被...     

杨树水培杂交育种技术

水培杂交是杨树获得新品种的重要途径。文章着重对杨树人工水培杂交的杂交亲本与组合选择、花枝采集与培养、授粉、杂种苗培育、苗期测定与无性系建立及区域试验与品种鉴定等技术环节进行简要介绍,对杨树新品种选育、利用具有重要指导意义。     

抗盐碱速生工业用材树种——廊坊杨4号

廊坊杨4号是廊坊市农林科学院科研工作者历经20多年，在供试的382个杂交组合、28143株杂种后代中，精选出的在盐碱地条件下速生、高产的工业用材杨树杂种新无性系。其杂交组合式：[山海关杨×（小美23＋白榆）]，遗传基础丰富，具有明显的超亲变异性状。     

中豫46等四个杨树新品种选育研究

<正> 杨树是我省主要栽培树种。为加速我省杨树生产的发展,做好杨树品种的更新换代,尽快选育出速生优质、抗性强、经济性状好、扦插和造林成活率高、适于华北平原地区生长的优良杨树新品种,河南省杨树良种选育协作组和中国林科院林研所合作,以一九七九年以来开展了杨树杂交选育工作。经人工杂交育种实生苗选优、苗期筛选和测试林的对比试验,从中选筛出了树干通直、园满、速生、优质、抗逆性强的四个优良杨树新品种:中豫46、     

Photosynthetic response of poplar leaves at different developmental phases to environmental factors

With economic incentives and interests in fast-growing poplar trees for short-rotation production of fiber and veneer, many new poplar hybrids have been bred and planted in China, but how to match the new poplar clones to suitable sites and maintain their higher growth rates is still not very clear. In this study, the photosynthetic response of poplar leaves at various developmental stages during two seasons (summer and autumn) was explored and mechanistic models for the photosynthesis of poplar leaves at different developmental phases in response photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), temperature, and relatively humidity were established using the optimization software package 1st Opt. Mature poplar leaves in autumn had significantly higher photosynthetic capacity than leaves at other stages and seasons. Based on the models established for poplar leaves at different phases, the main limiting factors for photosynthesis at the research site were high PAR and temperature in the summer and low PAR in the autumn. Our results highlight the importance of selecting suitable sites, pruning and stand density control during the plantation development to maintain higher photosynthetic rates of poplar trees and to establish optimum cultivation patterns for various utilization of poplar plantations.     

杨树新无性系丹红杨引种试验

作者通过对潜江地区丹红杨品比试验林与推广示范林的调查,从造林类型、栽植密度、土壤条件等方面进行生长量、抗性分析,结果表明:丹红杨在潜江的引种栽培初步成功,推广示范区丹红杨单株材积生长量是中潜3号的132.5%～163.9%,表现出速生、丰产、抗性强等特点,可以作为杨树工业原料林的优良品种在江汉平原及类似地区推广应用。     

The rooting of poplar cuttings: a review

Poplar (Populus spp.) is one of the most important economical tree species in temperate regions of the world. Easy propagation by cutting has made most of the selected genotypes of poplar available for intensive plantation with large genetic gains. Critical point for successful propagation of cutting is the development of roots. Thus, rooting context of the cutting appeared to be a pivotal scenario in poplar vegetative propagations. In this overview, we focus on the progress in defining the genetic, physical, chemical and environmental factors that influences the poplar cuttings to develop adventitious roots. These factors include genotype effect, physiological conditions of the stock plants, plant growth regulators, temperature, rooting substrates/media as major variables for the development of rooting events.     

辽宁省当前主要杨树优良新品种

近些年来 ,辽宁省杨树研究所在杨树良种选育研究中 ,通过杂交、引种等手段 ,相继培育出荷兰 3930杨、辽宁杨等 10余种更新换代优良品种 (无性系 ) ,在生产造林中广泛应用。文章着重介绍了这些良种的来源、形态、抗性、生长特性及适生推广区。主要优良品种 (无性系 )有 :①荷兰3930杨、3934杨 ;②辽宁杨、盖杨、辽河杨 ;③欧美杨 10 7、10 8;④ 92 0 5杨、92 0 7杨 ;⑤小×胡 2 3号、小×胡 19号杨     

寒地杨树新品种杂交选育及苗木繁育技术

采用组织培养方式培育杂交苗木的试验结果表明,该方法可缩短育种周期,且小黑杨×小叶杨、(大青杨×香杨)×甜杨、小叶杨×中绥12与(美黑×青)×1344组合的杂种苗生长势强,生长速度快,可望培育出优良无性系新品种.     

Susceptibility of Corymbia species and hybrids to arthropod herbivory inAustralian subtropical hardwood plantations

Corymbia hybrids are becoming significant plantation varieties in subtropical and tropical Australian plantation forestry. Although primarily developed for disease resistance and amenability to clonal propagation, they have also proven to have good growth rates and site plasticity. Here we examined the susceptibility of pure Corymbia species and hybrids to pest attack. Three trial sites containing C. citriodora subsp. variegata, C. torelliana, and the hybrids C. torelliana × C. citriodora subsp. variegata, C. torelliana × C. citriodora subsp. citriodora and C. torelliana × C. henryi were assessed for pest identity, incidence and severity. Pests caused about three-quarters of the visible crown damage to trees in these trials. At the site that had the most arthropod damage, hybrid trees had higher damage scores and higher growth scores (height, diameter at breast height over bark, and volume) than pure species. Site was more important than taxon in explaining damage scores, and taxa performed differently for most traits between sites. Tree growth was negatively correlated with general crown damage, while arthropod damage alone showed no significant relationship with growth. Our results highlight the importance of establishing taxa trials across a range of sites when selecting for pest resistance.     

滩地钉螺种群消长与杨树人工林关系的研究

在南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖的滩地杨树人工林内采取定位观测为主的研究方法，对滩地的地下水位、土壤含水率、螺情的变化规律及其与滩地杨树人工林的相关关系进行了定量研究，揭示了杨树人工林内钉螺种群消长的内在规律和环境因子的偶发效应，显示出滩地杨树人工林生态系统抑螺机制的有效性和持续性，体现了滩地杨树抑螺林的血防安全意义。     

杨树丰产林伐桩嫁接技术研究

针对山西省北部大面积杨树成过熟林分亟需更新改造的现状,提出了改造的新模式。确定杨树良种＂中金杨＂和白杨派新品种为换代品种。在伐桩嫁接更新改造中采用湿土堆埋法,再进行塑料薄膜覆盖,可缩短出苗期,提高当年高生长量和胸径生长量,减少除萌次数,成活率达到91%以上;成活植株产生自生根系,嫁接3 a留有自生根4条～7条,根径1.2 cm～2.4 cm,生长正常。＂中金杨＂和白杨派新品种树高和胸径的4龄指标均超过三根二干＂中金杨＂植生苗和萌生苗的生长量。     

青花椒良种“鲁青1号”的选育及栽培技术

【目的】选育丰产、稳产、质优、适应性和抗逆性强的青花椒品种,为昭通市青花椒产业发展提供优良种源和技术支撑。【方法】在鲁甸县青花椒人工种植林中选出优良青花椒单株进行区域试验、扩繁和生产试验,选育出“鲁青1号”优良品种;通过与本地青花椒比较,评价“鲁青1号”的产量性状和品质。【结果】“鲁青1号”具有果大、质优、丰产及稳产等特性,其果实呈绿色,成熟后呈紫红色;果穗塔型,紧凑,平均单株产量鲜果12 kg,10年以上20 kg;平均穗粒80粒,鲜果千粒重90 g。果皮挥发油含量0.0969 mL·g^-1,水分含量11.9%。【结论】“鲁青1号”具有生长旺盛、适应性和抗逆性强、果大、色泽鲜亮、丰产等特点,适宜在昭通市干热河谷地区推广种植。