非洲猪瘟病毒诱导猪红细胞凋亡并促进猪外周血单核细胞的吞噬作用

本研究旨在探讨非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）对猪红细胞（RBCs）的作用以及对猪外周血单核细胞（PBMs）吞噬能力的影响。试验采用流式细胞术检测ASFV侵染猪原代肺泡巨噬细胞（PAMs）和猪红细胞（RBCs）的能力,并检测ASFV诱导RBCs发生凋亡的百分比;同时采用激光共聚焦试验（Confocal）观察ASFV诱导RBCs发生凋亡是否影响PBMs的吞噬能力。结果显示,ASFV不能入侵RBCs,但以时间和剂量依赖性方式诱导RBCs发生凋亡。0.1 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导1.27%、3.23%、7.39%和8.56%的RBCs发生凋亡;1 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导1.54%、3.73%、8.46%和10.74%的RBCs发生凋亡;3 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导2.65%、5.01%、12.44%和18.61%的RBCs发生凋亡。同时,凋亡的RBCs可以增加PBMs对黄绿色荧光微球的吞噬数量,ASFV诱导RBCs凋亡的百分比越高,PBMs吞噬黄绿色荧光微球的数量越多。综上所述,ASFV不能侵染猪RBCs,但可以以时间和剂量依赖性方式诱导RBCs发生凋亡并增强PBMs的吞噬功能。     

Zmu-1:DHP豚鼠部分生物学特性研究

为积累Zmu-1：DHP豚鼠的生物学特性资料,本研究使用肥大细胞抗原攻击、补体溶血CH50、流式细胞仪及病毒感染方法,测定了豚鼠致敏肥大细胞对抗原的敏感性、血清总补体的活性、血液多形核白细胞的吞噬和呼吸爆发功能及对口蹄疫病毒的敏感性.结果显示,Zmu-1：DHP豚鼠致敏肥大细胞的脱颗粒反应明显低于其它品系（P＜0.01）,血清补体含量大于其它品系（P＜0.01）,多形核白细胞的吞噬功能高于其它品系（P＜0.05）,而呼吸爆发功能低于其它品系（P＜0.01）,对口蹄疫病毒呈现100%的敏感性.表明Zmu-1：DHP豚鼠的生物学特征已不同于其它品系,形成独特的遗传组成和生物学性状,具有较高的应用优势及推广价值.     

蹄变形奶牛血液流变学的研究

为了更深入探讨奶牛变形蹄的发病机理及对奶牛变形蹄的预防和治疗提供更科学的理论依据。选择长沙地区20头中国荷斯坦牛，系统检测了变形蹄和正常蹄奶牛在夏季（6月份）和冬季（12月份）血液流变学主要指标。夏季时，1S-1、3S-1、5S-1、10S-1、30S-1、60S-1切变率下，变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛，有显著差异（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛低切全血还原粘度极显著高于正常蹄奶牛（P〈0．01）。变形蹄奶牛红细胞压积高于正常蹄奶牛，差异显著（P〈0．05）。冬季时，5S^-1、10S^-1、30S^-1、200S^-1切变率下，变形蹄奶牛全血粘度高于正常蹄奶牛（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛血浆粘度高于正常蹄奶牛，有显著差异（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛红细胞沉降率较快，也有显著差异（P〈0．05）。变形蹄奶牛与全血粘度增高和红细胞聚集性增强具有相关性。     

流式细胞术及其在动物病理学研究中的应用

本文简单介绍了流式细胞仪和流式细胞术的主要功能，并结合作者的实际工作，讨论了流式细胞术在动物分子病理学研究中的应用，包括检测免疫细胞的分化抗原、细胞凋亡、自然杀伤细胞活性、吞噬机能等。     

子宫内膜炎奶牛产后氧化损伤与抗氧化变化

通过对试验用荷斯坦奶牛全血中白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(PMN)百分比变化及血清、子宫分泌物中的一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性进行检测,探讨产后患有不同程度子宫内膜炎奶牛的氧化损伤和抗氧化能力的变化及其机理。结果表明,CE组和SE组全血中WBC总数和PMN百分比显著高于对照组(P0.01,P0.05)。而CE组血清和子宫分泌物中NO、MDA含量明显高于N组(P0.01),SE组则变化不明显,CE组SOD和GSH-Px活性变化比SE组明显,表现差异显著(P0.01,P0.05)。试验证明,子宫内膜炎奶牛血清和子宫分泌物中脂质过氧化物含量升高、抗氧化能力下降,可能是子宫内组织细胞病理损伤,引起不同程度子宫内膜炎的重要原因之一。     

禽流感研究概述(下)

5．3．2．5 免疫荧光技术(IFT) 免疫荧光技术就是荧光抗体技术(FAT)。IFT早在1961年就开始用于人类流感的快速诊断。1984年美国宾西法尼亚州爆发禽流感时Skeeles将IFT首次用于AIV的检测。IFT最早用于病毒的鉴定和定位病毒感染细胞中特异性抗原，主要是核内荧光；用MP抗原的荧光抗体主要出现胞质荧光，核内也有部分荧光。     

奶牛低血钙症降低中性粒细胞上ORAI1蛋白的表达

旨在研究泌乳初期高产奶牛高发的低血钙症是否影响细胞内Ca~(2+)通路进而影响中性粒细胞活性并增加泌乳初期的炎症反应。尾静脉肝素抗凝采集血液分离中性粒细胞(PMN),采用Western blot检测ORAI1蛋白的表达,利用流式细胞仪测定静息状态下、离子霉素刺激的中性粒细胞表面ORAI1蛋白丰度以及ROS水平。结果显示,健康对照组奶牛中性粒细胞表面ORAI1蛋白丰度与表达水平均显著高于低血钙症试验组。低血钙症中性粒细胞经离子霉素刺激后细胞表面ORAI1蛋白丰度显著高于未经刺激的低血钙症PMN。健康对照组奶牛中性粒细胞中的ROS水平显著低于低血钙症试验组。这些结果表明,奶牛低血钙症降低中性粒细胞内钙离子进入的调控,以及低血钙症能降低中性粒细胞内的ROS水平,导致泌乳初期的炎症反应。     

人多形核白细胞杀灭类鼻疽杆菌的电镜观察

将类鼻疽杆菌纯培养物加入入脱纤血液中，置37℃水浴中模仿菌血症条件，分离含菌多形核白细胞（PMN）并进行电镜观察，结果表明，细菌吞入期其形态完整，吞噬全和菌体大小一致，随着杀灭功能的进行，天噬体变得很大，其内的细菌呈松散状，形态结构发生很大改变，可杀灭作用的后期，于吞噬全内仅见残留的细菌碎片，由此说明，健康入PMN非但不是类鼻疽杆菌潜藏的场所，而且能将其杀灭。     

流式细胞仪分离精子法概述

本文论述了流式细胞仪（FCM）分离精子的工作原理、分离精子的应用效果，并且分析了流式细胞仪分离精子目前存在的问题．提出了奶牛X精子和Y精子分离技术的前景展望。     

乳牛L-选择素在中性粒细胞中表达与分布的定位研究

采用间接荧光标记及胶体金标记方法通过流式细胞仪和低压扫描电子显微镜，检测了L-选择素在健康泌乳中期乳牛（A组）及患金黄色葡萄球菌型临床型（B组）和亚临床型乳腺炎乳牛（C组）中性粒细胞上表达的基本规律。结果表明：三者表达L-选择素的中性粒细胞阳性率分别为97．90％、97．69％和96．67％（收集5000个细胞），组间差异不显著（P〉0．05），但患亚临床型乳腺炎乳牛的阳性率从3次测定的结果看是逐渐增加的；L-选择素表达的间接荧光强度组间差异极显著（P〈0．01）；而患亚临床型乳腺炎的乳牛组内差异也极显著（P〈0．01）；扫描电镜观察到的中性粒细胞表面脊样结构的分布及形态与流式细胞仪检测的结果具有相似性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.