FB28对甜菜夜蛾围食膜蛋白影响的研究

[目的]研究荧光增白剂FB28对甜菜夜蛾围食膜蛋白的影响。[方法]用含有不同浓度的荧光增白剂FB28饲喂5龄甜菜夜蛾幼虫,解剖取其围食膜,SDS-PAGE电泳检测。[结果]FB28活体处理甜菜夜蛾围食膜在4h内高分子量蛋白条带逐渐消失,4-16h甜菜夜蛾围食膜蛋白逐渐恢复正常。[结论]FB28对甜菜夜蛾围食膜蛋白具有影响作用。     

人工饲养的红脉穗螟繁殖扁股小蜂的研究

以人工饲料饲养的红脉穗螟为寄主,室内繁殖扁股小蜂,观察扁股小蜂寄生和繁殖能力,评价人工大量繁殖的可行性。结果表明,人工饲料饲养的红脉穗螟幼虫发育速度、幼虫平均存活率、成虫羽化率、单雌平均产卵量及卵孵化率均达到或优于天然饲料,可替代天然饲料大量饲养寄主。在人工繁殖条件下寄主被寄生率达97.19%。在26.0±0.5℃时,扁股小蜂完成一个世代仅需约13 d,成蜂产卵率达95.05%,单雌平均产卵量为35.25粒。2日龄蜂蛹在8.0±0.5℃条件下贮藏2周,其羽化率为91.57%,产卵量为30.74粒,成虫寿命为11.05 d。可实现扁股小蜂的人工大量繁殖。     

不同人工饲料对斗米虫生长发育的影响

锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni幼虫也称斗米虫,具有较好的药用价值,对调节人体免疫功能低下有显著效果。研发饲养斗米虫的人工配方饲料是解决市场斗米虫大规模养殖的关键,以基础配方（云实Caesalpinia decapetala嫩枝粉200.0 g+对羟基苯甲酸甲酯2.0 g+蔗糖3.0 g+胆固醇1.5 g+韦氏盐10.0 g+琼脂8.0 g+动物油6.0 g+蒸馏水1 000 mL）为基础,设置了4个不同饲料配方（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ）,以成活率、发育历期及体质量作为评价指标,确定斗米虫饲养的最佳饲料配方。结果表明:4种人工配方饲料饲养的斗米虫均可正常生长发育,但成活率差异显著或极显著（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,体质量和发育历期上也存在差异,其中人工配方饲料Ⅱ（即基础配方+大豆粉50.0 g+纤维素0.5 g+抗坏血酸0.4 g+酵母粉13.0 g+山梨酸钾2.0 g）饲养的斗米虫成活率最高,生长量最佳,历期最短。该配方饲料可缩短斗米虫发育历期,能够提供斗米虫生长的营养物质,为最佳人工饲料配方。     

向日葵螟幼虫人工饲养技术初探

本文初步研究了利用人工饲料及茼蒿(Chrysanthemum coronarium Mill.)饲养向日葵螟(Homoeosoma nebulel-lum)幼虫的方法,结果表明:在人工饲料、管状小花开花50%及100%的茼蒿花头三种不同的基质饲养葵螟幼虫,其幼虫存活率、化蛹率及成虫羽化率基本一致,均可正常发育;开花50%和100%的茼蒿花头,一龄幼虫都可钻蛀危害,可以利用茼蒿花头在室内饲养葵螟幼虫。     

人工饲料对大草蛉生长发育和繁殖力的影响

【目的】研究应用米蛾卵和以黄粉虫蛋白为主要成分的人工饲料对大草蛉的饲养效果。【方法】用米蛾卵饲喂大草蛉幼虫,用基于黄粉虫蛋白的人工饲料饲养成虫,记录相关生物学参数,以米蛾卵和大豆蚜分别饲喂大草蛉幼虫至成虫为对照。【结果】米蛾卵饲喂大草蛉效果良好,茧的大小、成虫体长、结茧率、羽化率、成虫获得率、卵孵化率、成虫寿命和总产卵量均和对照无显著差异,但幼虫发育历期、茧的发育历期和产卵前期延长,发育整齐度稍下降。以人工饲料饲养的大草蛉成虫寿命、成虫产卵前期和产卵天数明显延长,卵孵化率明显上升。但是成虫存活率,雌虫产卵率显著下降,总产卵量略有降低。【结论】米蛾卵可以作为实验室繁殖大草蛉的人工饲料,以黄粉虫为主要成分的大草蛉成虫人工饲料具有开发价值。     

三种本地赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫卵的寄生潜能

【目的】大豆食心虫（Leguminivora glycinivorella Matsumura）是中国北方大豆生产上的最重要蛀荚害虫,研究旨在明确3种本地赤眼蜂即黏虫赤眼蜂（Trichogramma leucaniae ）、玉米螟赤眼蜂（T. ostriniae）和螟黄赤眼蜂（T. chilonis）对自然寄主大豆食心虫卵的寄生潜能,为选育优良蜂种、定量评估赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫的控害潜能提供科学依据。【方法】 在室内采用编制以米蛾卵为中间寄主繁育的3种赤眼蜂在大豆食心虫卵上的实验种群生命表的方法,比较分析其在大豆食心虫卵上的繁殖特性以及净增殖率（R₀）、平均世代周期（T）、内禀增长率（rm）、周限增长率（λ）、平均单雌寄生卵数、雌蜂平均寿命和羽化率等寄生特性参数。【结果】螟黄赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和黏虫赤眼蜂在羽化当日均达到产卵高峰,分别占其总产卵量的68.1%、69.1%和64.0%,随着时间的延长,螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的产卵量呈明显下降趋势,在无任何营养补给时,10.0%的黏虫赤眼蜂雌蜂个体可存活7 d,羽化3 d后,平均单雌寄生10.5粒大豆食心虫卵,占总寄生量的22.5%;黏虫赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的R₀、T、rm和λ分别为24.75、23.78和21.13;9.46、10.34和10.37 d;0.3393、0.3064和0.2941;1.4040、1.3585和1.3419;而3种供试赤眼蜂的平均单雌寄生卵数、平均寿命以及在大豆食心虫卵上的羽化率均无显著差异。综合比较结果显示,黏虫赤眼蜂在大豆食心虫卵上的各项实验种群生命表参数（R₀、T、rm和λ）最好,其次是螟黄赤眼蜂,玉米螟赤眼蜂的表现最差。【结论】黏虫赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫卵有较强的嗜好性和适应性,其主要生殖力特征参数均优于螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂,是寄生大豆食心虫卵的优势蜂种,具有较大的应用前景。     

烟青虫幼虫味觉可塑性行为研究

[目的]研究烟青虫幼虫的可塑性行为,为害虫防治提供参考。[方法]采用行为试验双选法和切除味觉感受器研究了不同取食经历烟青虫5龄幼虫对取食抑制素的味觉可塑性行为。[结果]正常人工饲料饲养幼虫对取食抑制素十分敏感,切除了侧栓锥感受器的幼虫对取食抑制素的反应与正常幼虫相似,切除了中栓锥感受器的幼虫对取食抑制素不敏感。而用含有低浓度取食抑制素的人工饲料饲养的幼虫对取食抑制素不敏感。[结论]中栓锥感受器中含有对取食抑制素敏感的味觉神经元,不同取食经历的烟青虫幼虫对取食抑制素具有行为可塑性。     

不同食料条件下密度因子对黄粉虫高龄幼虫生长发育的影响

分别以实用饲料和复合饲料在0.6、1.2、1.8、2.4和3.0头/cm3等5种饲养密度下饲养黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L.)高龄幼虫,观察了在不同饲料条件下不同密度对黄粉虫幼虫死亡率、幼虫增重、蛹重等指标的影响.结果表明,密度因子对黄粉虫高龄幼虫有显著影响,在两种不同饲料条件下饲养黄粉虫,低密度饲养时幼虫存活率、幼虫增重、蛹重及羽化率明显高于高密度饲养,但各指标间存在差异.     

Vitamin A deficiency: effect on retinal structure of the moth Manduca sexta

Sphingid moths (Manduca sexta) were reared for several generations on an artificial diet deficient in vitamin A and its precursors. Retinal tissue from depleted moths was removed for histological examination. There was extensive histolysis in the retinal epithelium and underlying nervous and connective tissues. This pathology correlated with severe visual impairment, even though normal growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction occurred. In the adult this pathology could be reversed when the larvae were reared only on tobacco (its usual host) or on the artificial diet supplemented with beta-carotene or vitamin A palmitate.     

稻纵卷叶螟幼虫对不同含氮糖人工饲料的取食选择行为

稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻上重要害虫,由于其难以在室内大规模饲养使得诸多研究受到限制。试验在已有可以完成世代的人工饲料的基础上分别配置了5种不同氮含量和糖含量的人工饲料,观察稻纵卷叶螟初孵、3龄和5龄幼虫对不同氮、糖含量的人工饲料取食选择性。结果表明,初孵幼虫较喜欢取食糖含量较高的人工饲料;氮含量饲料总体对初孵幼虫选择性的影响不显著,但接虫2 h后,饲料氮含量显著影响幼虫的选择性,其中0.92%氮含量饲料上的落虫数占总数的36%,接虫48 h后,氮含量为1.16%的饲料上落虫数明显高于其他饲料。糖含量对3龄幼虫落虫数取食选择有显著影响;对于不同氮含量的人工饲料,稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫选择性显著受饲料含氮量的影响（P<0.001）,倾向于1.53%氮含量饲料。5龄幼虫对糖含量较高（27.22%）的人工饲料有稍强的趋向性,而不同含氮量对其选择性无明显影响。总体而言,糖含量对稻纵卷叶螟的取食选择有重要影响,氮含量仅对3龄幼虫的取食选择有显著影响。     

光肩星天牛的人工饲养

光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch)是杨树的主要蛀干害虫,为系统饲养该天牛配制了三种较为理想的饲料配方,同时测定了幼虫的龄数。研究结果表明,室内可成功地饲养光肩星天牛,幼虫成活率达80％以上。光肩星天牛幼虫为5龄,其头宽和龄数可由两式推算。     

棉铃虫5龄幼虫对棉酚和印楝素的味觉适应性行为研究

【目的】研究棉铃虫幼虫对棉酚和印楝素的味觉适应性行为,为棉铃虫的防治提供参考依据。【方法】采用叶碟法和味觉感受器切除法进行不同取食条件下棉铃虫5龄幼虫的取食选择行为试验。供试化合物为处理后终浓度为2mmol／L的棉酚和印楝素。【结果】正常人工饲料饲养的棉铃虫幼虫对棉酚和印楝素均十分敏感,取食对照叶碟量显著高于处理叶碟（P〈0．05）;切除中栓锥感受器后棉铃虫幼虫取食含棉酚或含印楝素的叶蝶量与正常叶碟有显著差异（P〈0．05）,而切除侧栓锥感受器后棉铃虫幼虫取食含棉酚或含印楝素的叶蝶量与正常叶碟差异不显著（P〉0．05）;以含有低浓度取食抑制素的人工饲料饲养的棉铃虫幼虫对棉酚和印楝素不敏感,取食对照叶碟量与处理叶碟无显著差异（P〉0．05）。【结论】棉酚和印楝素是棉铃虫幼虫的取食抑制素,侧栓锥感受器中含有对棉酚和印楝素敏感的味觉神经元,不同取食经历的棉铃虫幼虫对棉酚和印楝素具有行为适应性。     

Susceptibility of Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Corn Under Long-Term Laboratory Selection

The susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation and Bt corn was evaluated using insect bioassays for 6 years. Four strains of O. furnacalis were developed by laboratory selection from the laboratory strain reared on a non-agar semi-artificial diet. The RR-1 strain was exposed to a commercial formulation of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) incorporated into the artificial diet, the RR-2 strain was exposed to Bt corn (MON810)tissue incorporated into the diet, and the SS-1 and SS-2 strains were reared on the standard diet with or without non-Bt corn tissues material. Decreasing susceptibility of O. furnacalis to Bt and to Bt corn were found in each selected strain although the ED50 and larval weight fluctuated from generation to generation. The resistance of Bt-exposed strain (RR-1)to Btk increased 48-fold by generation 39; the Bt corn-exposed strain (RR-2) increased its resistance 37-fold to Btk by generation 24. No larvae of SS-1 survived when they were exposed to the leaves of Bt corn, Bt1 1 and MON810. However,2-54% of the RR-1 (generation 46) and RR-2 (generation 20) larvae survived a 3 day-exposure to the leaves of Bt1 1 and MON810. The survival of both selected strains on Bt corn silk increased by 10-69%, and the larval weights after many generations selection were increased by 15-22% compared with the unselected susceptible strain. The young larvae were much more susceptible to Bt than older larvae. The highest mortality occurred when the larvae were exposed to Bt at the neonate stage. All of the results suggested that ACB could not only develop resistance to Bt preparation but also to Bt corn. Bt had significant effects on the growth and development of Asian corn borer than on the larval mortality. In order to maintain the long-term effectiveness of Bt pesticide and Bt corn, the resistance management should pay much attention to the larvae that may have opportunities to grow and developed on non-Bt corn or alternate hosts before they attack the Bt corn plants and the survival of larvae after Bt application.     

棉红铃虫人工饲料饲养技术

设计了4种饲料配方饲养红铃虫.结果表明.以取食A、B配方的红铃虫幼虫成活率最高,分别为65.0%和68.1%;取食A配方的幼虫期最短,为18.57 d,平均蛹重18.7 mg,与红铃虫田间种群及Adkisson饲养的蛹重差别不大,可以满足室内试验需要;经过连续4代饲养后,含麦胚的饲料配方可以使幼虫期稳定在19 d左右、蛹重稳定在18mg以上,是目前能够稳定人工饲养红铃虫的最合适饲料.     

人工饲料对柑橘大实蝇成虫寿命和繁殖特性的影响

为了明确柑橘大实蝇[ Bactrocera minax (Enderlein)]成虫人工饲养的最适配方,室内条件下测定了蜂蜜水、糖醋液、啤酒酵母蔗糖水以及蛋白胨蔗糖水等4种人工饲料对柑橘大实蝇成虫寿命、交配次数及产卵量的影响.结果表明,4种人工饲料均能满足柑橘大实蝇成虫存活和繁殖的营养需求.以4种人工饲料饲喂的成虫可存活23～45 d,期间交配3～5次,且4种配方间没有显著差异;研究还显示,以蛋白胨蔗糖水喂食的成虫单雌产卵量最高,约为20粒,与其他3种配方间具有明显差异.研究结果可为柑橘大实蝇基础生物学特性和可持续治理技术提供参考.     

米蛾人工饲料配方筛选

为解决米蛾饲料匮乏和研究基础狭窄的现状,开展了米蛾的人工饲料配方筛选试验。进行了5种不同饲料配方对于米蛾生长以及产卵量的调查。配方E(70%玉米面+20%米糠+7%白砂糖+3%酵母)繁育的米蛾生长周期(35d)明显短于配方A(94%米糠+3%白砂糖+3%酵母)、B(97%米糠+3%白砂糖)、C(100%米糠)和D(70%玉米面+24%米糠+3%白砂糖+3%酵母),平均出蛾数量(4 969只)显著高于配方A、B、C和D;配方E饲喂的雌蛾、雄蛾平均质量分别为40.47和16.70mg,明显高于其它配方。配方E繁育米蛾的产卵量最高(503粒)。筛选出配方E最适合米蛾繁育。     

酪蝇室内饲养技术研究*

 报道了酪蝇的饲养方法，并在室内27 ℃恒温条件下对比研究了火腿、人工饲料和奶酪3种食料对酪蝇幼虫和蛹的存活率、发育历期及蛹重的影响。结果表明，火腿是最适食料，人工饲料次之，奶酪最不适宜。饲养酪蝇时，使其老熟幼虫在软棉布中化蛹，便于蛹的收集。     

用天然饵料培育鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗的研究

连续3年(1989～1991)在总面积48.4亩的12口土池塘中放养鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼苗(12～20万/亩),采用施肥培养天然饵料、人工投饲(豆浆)和二者结合3种方法饲养。结果表明,浮游动物规格适宜、营养全面、可得性强,用其培育上述几种鱼苗既经济简便,又可使成活率和生长速度提高15％以上。     

大豆品种抗病虫性评价及多抗性抗源筛选

通过人工接菌和田间自然鉴定的方法,对大豆食心虫、大豆蚜和大豆菌核病进行了品种抗性鉴定。从92个品种和品系中,鉴定出高抗大豆食心虫6个,抗16个,中抗36个,感虫34个。从112个品种(系)中,鉴定出高抗大豆菌核病1个,抗12个,中抗17个,感57个,高感25个。从34个初选品种(系)中,鉴定出中抗大豆蚜12个,感22个。综合选出抗2虫1病、抗倒伏及高产的多抗品种6个。     

Design and selection of an artificial diet for the coconut black-headed caterpillar,Opisina arenosella,based on orthogonal array analysis

Opisina arenosella has been an outbreak pest of coconut trees in southern China since 2013. To develop efficient control methods for this invasive pest, adequate rearing protocols are desirable. In this study, an orthogonal array of artificial diets with 11 factors at 3 levels was deployed for both 2 nd–4 th and 5 th–6 th instar larvae of O. arenosella. Biological parameters including survival time of larvae, development time from larva to pupa, pupation rate, emergence rate, and pupal weight were monitored to reveal the most important components in the diet formulas. Biological parameters in O. arenosella were most affected by brewer's yeast, sucrose, ascorbic acid, and wheat germ. Statistical analysis indicated that different diet combinations supported optimum performance of biological parameters for 2 nd–4 th and 5 th–6 th instar larvae. The validity of the optimization predicted by the orthogonal array analysis was confirmed in a follow-up bioassay with similar optimized diets for both 2 nd–4 th and 5 th–6 th instar larvae. The optimal artificial diet has great potential for the mass rearing technique, and can provide valuable results for using parasitoids in biological control of O. arenosella.