十种兽用硫酸庆大霉素对多种病原菌的抑菌效果比较

试验采用试管稀释法测定10个厂家的兽用硫酸庆大霉素对三种致病菌的最小抑菌浓度,同时,以人医临床应用的硫酸庆大霉素为对照。结果显示:不同厂家的兽用硫酸庆大霉素其抑菌效果差异显著(0.01相似文献   

麻醉剂丁香酚对鳗弧菌抑菌效果初步研究

水产麻醉剂丁香酚具有良好的抑菌和杀菌作用,不仅对食源性致病菌具有良好的抑制作用,也对水产致病菌具有潜在的抑菌效力。为探讨丁香酚对水产养殖业主要致病菌的抑菌作用,文章初步开展了丁香酚对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)的抑菌效果研究。丁香酚质量浓度为6 400μg·mL^-1时,鳗弧菌培养平板中抑菌圈直径为(21.13±0.74) mm,表明鳗弧菌对此浓度的丁香酚表现为极敏。吸光度测定结果显示微孔中丁香酚质量浓度≥400μg·mL^-1时弧菌没有生长,表明丁香酚对鳗弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为400μg·mL^-1。取400μg·mL^-1、800μg·mL^-1和1 600μg·mL^-1微孔中溶液涂抹于培养平板继续培养24 h,质量浓度≥800μg·mL^-1时鳗弧菌没有生长,表明最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为800μg·mL^-1。研究结果表明丁香酚对鳗弧菌具有良好的抑菌作用。     

五倍子对3种致病菌的体外抑菌和急性毒性试验

采用试管两倍稀释法测定五倍子水煎煮液对3种鱼类常见致病菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,并进行了对鲤鱼的急性毒性试验.结果表明,五倍子煎煮液对温和气单胞菌、爱德华氏菌、柱状屈挠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为6.250 mg/mL、3.125 mg/mL、0.781 mg/mL;最小杀菌浓度分别为12.500mg/mL、12.50.mg/mL、3.125 mg/mL.五倍子对鲤鱼的48 h半致死浓度为1.1015g/kg,安全浓度为0.1102g/kg.五倍子具有较好的杀菌防病效果.     

五倍子对三种致病菌的体外抑菌试验和对鲤鱼的急性毒性研究

采用试管两倍稀释法测定五倍子水煎煮液对鱼类三种常见致病菌的最小抑茵浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)，并进行了对鲤鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明，五倍子煎煮液对温和气单胞茵、爱德华氏茵、柱状屈桡杆菌的最小抑茵浓度分别为6．250mg／ml、3．125mg／ml、0．781mg／ml；最小杀茵浓度分别为12．500mg／ml、12．500mg／ml、3．125mg／ml。五倍子对鲤鱼的48h半致死浓度为1、1015g／kg，安全浓度为0．1102g／kg。五倍子具有较好的杀茵防病效果。     

常用中草药对4种病原弧菌体外抗菌效果的研究

采用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了五倍子等18种中草药对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河口弧菌及霍乱弧菌等4种病原弧菌的抑制作用。结果表明,五倍子、苏木、地锦草、石榴皮、黄芩、虎杖和山楂等7种中草药对病原弧菌具有较好的抑菌效果,而金银花等11种中草药抑菌作用较弱;同时采用试管连续稀释法,测定了五倍子等抑菌效果较强的7种中草药对4种病原弧菌的抑菌和杀菌浓度。结果表明,苏木、五倍子、地锦草和石榴皮4种中药具有较好的抑菌和杀菌作用,此4种中药对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌、河口弧菌及霍乱弧菌等4种病原弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.78～6.25mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为3.12～12.5mg/ml。     

3种中草药对罗非鱼无乳链球菌抑菌效果的Meta分析

通过在知网、维普、万方、读秀等数据库搜索有关中药对无乳链球菌抑菌效果的相关文章,采集数据,使用Ren Man 5.3进行Meta统计分析,评价大黄(Rheum)、五倍子(Rhus chinensis)、黄连(Coptis chinensis)3种中草药对无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)的体外抑菌效果,为中药防治无乳链球菌的筛选和复方的配制提供科学的参考。研究共纳入相关文献2篇,经过Meta统计分析,3种中药的体外抑菌效果为:黄连大黄、黄连五倍子、五倍子大黄,均具有统计学意义,敏感分析结果稳健。研究结果表明3种中草药对无乳链球菌的体外抑菌效果大小为:黄连五倍子大黄,这一结果需要在养殖过程中进一步验证。     

20种中草药对迟缓爱德华氏菌的体外抑菌试验

用琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法测定了20种中草药对迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)(GD080715-1、GD080715-2)的体外抗菌活性。结果表明,五倍子、乌梅、大青叶、石榴皮的抑菌作用明显,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)<6.25 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)<50 mg/mL;吴茱萸和菖蒲有一定的抑菌作用,MBC为50～100 mg/mL;而苦地丁、栀子的抑菌作用不明显,MBC>200 mg/mL。     

20种中草药对迟缓爱德华氏菌的体外抑菌试验

用琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法测定了20种中草药对迟缓爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiella tarda）（GD080715-1、GD080715-2）的体外抗菌活性。结果表明,五倍子、乌梅、大青叶、石榴皮的抑菌作用明显,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）〈6.25 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度（MBC）〈50 mg/mL;吴茱萸和菖蒲有一定的抑菌作用,MBC为50～100 mg/mL;而苦地丁、栀子的抑菌作用不明显,MBC〉200 mg/mL。     

中草药抑制及杀灭水产病原维氏气单胞菌效果研究

为筛选出对水产病原维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)有抑制效果的中草药,通过琼脂打孔法研究石榴皮、黄柏、五倍子、苦地丁等42味中草药对维氏气单胞菌的抑制作用,并采用试管二倍稀释法测定对维氏气单胞菌抑制效果较强的11种中草药的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果表明,地榆、诃子、赤芍、白芍、五倍子、石榴皮、乌梅、女贞子、黄柏、木瓜和青黛等11种草药,对维氏气单胞菌的抑制作用较强,其中维氏气单胞菌对诃子、地榆及赤芍高度敏感,其抑菌圈直径分别为(19.75±0.74),(17.83±2.42)和(15.25±0.76)mm。诃子、地榆、赤芍三味中草药对罗氏沼虾维氏气单胞菌抑制及杀灭作用最强,其最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均为31.25和62.50 g/L。     

抗水产病原非O1/O139霍乱弧菌的中草药筛选及抑菌效果分析

为筛选能有效抑制水产病原非O1/O139霍乱弧菌（non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae）生长的中草药,本研究通过水煎法获得黄柏、五倍子等23味中草药的提取物,采用琼脂打孔法测定其对非O1/O139霍乱弧菌的抑制作用,并用试管二倍稀释法测定了抑制效果较强的8种中草药对非O1/O139霍乱弧菌的最小抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（Minimum Bactericidal Concentration,MBC）。结果表明：五倍子、白芍、黄柏、诃子、山楂、石榴皮、地榆、木瓜等8种草药对非O1/O139霍乱弧菌具有较强的抑制作用,其中非O1/O139霍乱弧菌对五倍子、白芍和黄柏高度敏感,其抑菌圈直径分别为（19.92±1.24）mm、（19.50±0.74）mm和（18.92±2.12）mm。五倍子抑菌和杀菌作用最强,MIC和MBC均为7.81 mg/mL,其次是白芍,MIC为15.63 mg/mL,MBC为31.25 mg/mL。本研究为中草药防治由非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的水产动物疾病提供了理论参考。     

Treatment of the early life stages of scallop (Pecten maximus) with antimicrobial agents; searching for an alternative to chloramphenicol

High mortality rates are often observed in rearing the early stages of the great scallop, Pecten maximus. The addition of antibacterial agents has been necessary to improve larval survival. However, as one antibacterial agent, chloramphenicol, is banned in Norway and Europe the aim of this study is to investigate alternative antibacterial agents. The therapeutic agents investigated in this study were florfenicol, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, neomycin and Pyceze. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and Pyceze against bacteria isolated from scallop larvae. Two types of treatment regime were investigated on an intermediate scale (20 L). One regime involved continuous exposure of scallop larvae to the therapeutic agent while the other involved a short exposure lasting two hours. All intermediate scale treatments were performed in parallel to large-scale production (800 L) treatment with chloramphenicol. Of the therapeutants investigated, oxolinic acid was the most effective, although only at high concentrations. The short exposure of two hours was ineffective for all therapeutics.     

噬菌蛭弧菌的研究及应用①噬菌蛭弧菌及其微生物生态制剂在水生动物养殖上的应用

1 噬菌蛭弧菌的研究 1.1 噬菌蛭弧菌 1.1.1 噬菌蛭弧菌的概念 噬菌蛭弧菌是Stolp和Petzold于1962年[1]首次在德国土壤中一种植物假单胞菌上发现的一类细菌的寄生菌.它比通常的细菌要小,其作用类似于病毒(噬菌体),但它不是病毒,具有细菌的特性."寄生"和"裂解(溶菌)"宿主细胞是蛭弧菌独特的生物学特性.     

21种中草药及复方制剂对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用

采用试管二倍稀释法,研究了黄芩等16种中草药以及5种复方制剂对4株嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hy-drophila)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,黄芩、诃子以及复方制剂三黄汤对于嗜水气单胞菌株(AH2)的抑菌效果最好,MIC值分别为0.057、0.114、0.114g/mL,大黄、五倍子的MIC值均为0.227g/mL,金银花、茵陈、连翘以及青蒿的抑菌效果较差;诃子对嗜水气单胞菌株(AH15)的抑菌效果最好,MIC值为0.057g/mL,连翘、五倍子、金银花以及三黄汤的MIC值均为0.455g/mL;黄芩和诃子对嗜水气单胞菌株(AH43)的抑菌效果最好,其MIC值均为0.114g/mL,三黄汤、五倍子、连翘的抑菌效果较差;黄芩、诃子以及三黄汤对于嗜水气单胞菌株(AH32)的MIC值依次为0.057、0.114、0.227g/mL,连翘、大黄、五倍子的MIC值均为0.455g/mL。     

Nanoemulsion from essential oil of Pterodon emarginatus (Fabaceae) shows in vitro efficacy against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae)

Outbreaks of diseases pose a major threat to sustainable aquaculture development worldwide. Application of herbal products to combat parasitic diseases provides an alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture. This study investigated the in vitro antiparasitic effects of an oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion prepared using the essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus, against monogeneans infesting Colossoma macropomum. Gill arches from C. macropomum (47.6 ± 14.5 g and 13.5 ± 1.4 cm) that were naturally parasitized by Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri were immersed in different dispersions of the P. emarginatus nanoemulsions (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L). The major compounds presented in the essential oil of P. emarginatus were β‐elemene, β‐caryophyllene and α‐humulene. Characterization of these nanoemulsions showed that they have a small mean droplet size and low polydispersity index, which is concordant with stable systems. In this in vitro trial, the P. emarginatus nanoemulsion concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L presented 100% helminthic efficacy against monogeneans of the gills of C. macropomum. The highest two concentrations used (400 and 600 mg/L) were seen to immobilize the parasites after only 15 min. Therefore, it would be worthwhile testing these concentrations in therapeutic baths against monogeneans of C. macropomum.     

健康养殖南美白对虾肠道细菌的抗菌活性

用双层琼脂扩散法检测从健康养殖南美白对虾肠道内分离出的111株菌对8株病原菌的抗菌活性。结果表明:111株菌对白假丝酵母菌,非01群霍乱弧菌,嗜水气单胞菌指示菌无抗菌活性,48.6%的菌株对余下的5株指示菌有抗菌活性,其中气单胞菌属和发光杆菌属对荧光假单胞菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制性最强。各菌属中以气单胞菌属,发光杆菌属的抗菌谱最广,弧菌属、肠杆菌科、黄单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、小球菌属次之。土壤杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、黄杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、假单胞菌属和色杆菌属则没有抗菌活性。     

Water quality dynamics and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in intensive, mesohaline culture systems with two levels of biofloc management

A dense microbial community develops in the water column of intensive, minimal-exchange production systems and is responsible for nutrient cycling. A portion of the microbial community is associated with biofloc particles, and some control over the concentration of these particles has been shown to provide production benefits. To help refine the required degree of control, this study evaluated the effects of two levels of biofloc management on water quality and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in commercial-scale culture systems. Eight, 50 m³ raceways were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: T-LS (treatment-low solids) and T-HS (treatment-high solids), each with four replicate raceways. Settling chambers adjacent to the T-LS raceways had a volume of 1700 L with a flow rate of 20 L min⁻¹. The T-HS raceways had 760 L settling chambers with a flow rate of 10 L min⁻¹. Raceways were stocked with 250 shrimp m⁻³, with a mean individual weight of 0.72 g, and shrimp were grown for thirteen weeks. Raceways in the T-LS treatment had significantly reduced total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and turbidity compared to the T-HS treatment (P ≤ 0.003). The T-LS raceways also had significantly lower nitrite and nitrate concentrations, and the T-HS raceways had significantly lower ammonia and phosphate concentrations (P ≤ 0.021). With the exception of nitrate, there were no significant differences between the change in concentration of water quality parameters entering and exiting the settling chambers in the T-LS versus the T-HS treatment. Nitrate never accumulated appreciably in the T-LS raceways, possibly due to denitrification in the settling chambers, bacterial substrate limitations in the raceways, or algal nitrate assimilation. However, in the T-HS raceways nitrate did accumulate. The T-HS settling chambers returned a significantly lower nitrate concentration and significantly greater alkalinity concentration than what entered them (P ≤ 0.005), indicating that denitrification may have occurred in those chambers. There were no significant differences in shrimp survival, feed conversion ratio, or final biomass between the two treatments. However, shrimp in the T-LS treatment grew at a significantly greater rate (1.7 g wk⁻¹ vs. 1.3 g wk⁻¹) and reached a significantly greater final weight (22.1 g vs. 17.8 g) than shrimp in the T-HS treatment (P ≤ 0.020). The results of this study demonstrate engineering and management decisions that can have important implications for both water quality and shrimp production in intensive, minimal-exchange culture systems.     

牙鲆不同组织抗菌肽的提取及部分性质检测

以新鲜的牙鲆为试验材料,用100%丙酮和90%甲醇配制的提取液,从牙鲆的鳃、皮肤、肝、肾组织中提取抗菌肽,并对牙鲆抗菌肽粗提物进行部分性质检测。抑菌试验证明,牙鲆各组织提取物对大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌有较强的抑制作用,并且不同组织的抑制作用有所差别,而对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果不明显。提取物经过加热处理后,抑菌圈略有变小。相反,经过胰蛋白酶处理后,抑菌圈略有变大。牙鲆的多种组织中含有对细菌有抑制作用的抗菌肽。     

仿刺参体腔液的抗菌特性

为了解仿刺参体腔液的抗菌谱以及不同二价金属离子对仿刺参体腔液抗菌活性的影响,实验采用生长曲线测定法分别测定了仿刺参体腔细胞破碎液上清和体腔液上清对哈维氏弧菌、灿烂弧菌、希瓦氏菌、假交替单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶壁微球菌、停乳链球菌、拟诺卡式菌生长的影响,并通过该法以溶壁微球菌为受试菌测定了海洋环境中常见的Fe2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Zn2+对仿刺参体腔液上清抗菌活性的影响。结果显示,仿刺参体腔细胞破碎液上清对受试的8株细菌的生长均无抑制作用,体腔液上清对溶壁微球菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对其他7株受试菌的生长无明显影响;Mn2+和Zn2+可明显增强体腔液上清对溶壁微球菌的生长抑制作用,而Fe2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Mg2+对体腔液上清的抗菌活性无明显影响。研究表明,仿刺参体腔液在体外状态下只具有窄谱抗菌活性,与抗菌相关的免疫因子主要存在于体腔液上清中;体腔液中的抗菌免疫因子对海洋环境中的常见二价金属离子有一定的适应性,而且适当浓度的Mn2+和Zn2+可能具有促进仿刺参抗菌应答能力的作用。     

克雷伯氏菌胞外多糖的制备与组成分析

利用不同血清型的克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella菌株液体发酵,制备胞外多糖,并采用气相色谱和化学分析方法分析胞外多糖的化学组成。结果表明,菌株K26产胞外多糖的能力最高,培养48h和72h的产量分别为3.11mg/ml和3.89mg/ml;各实验菌株的胞外多糖的单糖组成包括甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖。     

Antibacterial efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sanguinarine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration

Sanguinarine (SA), with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities against fish pathogens, exhibits great potential commercial use in aquaculture. However, little information on pharmacokinetics of SA restricts further application in aquaculture. In this study, pharmacokinetics of SA in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following a single intraperitoneal administration [10 mg kg^?1 BW (body weight)] was evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak concentration (C_max) of SA in kidney was 11.8 μg g^?1, which was higher than in other tissues and plasma. The terminal half‐life in fish tissue and plasma was as follows: 42.3 h (kidney) > 37.2 h (liver) > 20.1 h (gill) > 18.8 h (muscle) > 10.9 h (spleen) > 10.0 h (plasma). Additionally, we determined the bacterial loads in tissues of common carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila after i.p. administration of SA at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg^?1 BW. The results showed that i.p. administration of SA at 10 mg kg^?1 BW significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy against A. hydrophila, where the antibacterial ratio in the gill, kidney, spleen and liver on day 5 was 95.13%, 93.33%, 90.09% and 92.82%, respectively. Overall, these results suggested the potential of SA to treat A. hydrophila infection in common carp farming industry.