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为了探究滴灌条件下糖料蔗灌溉制度,分别选取桂南、桂中、桂北3个主要蔗区开展大田试验,观测分析不同灌溉制度下糖料蔗灌溉定额及产量情况,以产量最高条件下灌溉定额最小为评价标准,优选滴灌条件下糖料蔗节水型灌溉制度。结果表明,在糖料蔗生育期的萌芽期、幼苗期以及成熟期,糖料蔗所需的灌水次数较小,只需要1至2次便满足其生长所需,伸长期是糖料蔗需水最多的时期,需要灌水9至14次。桂北区糖料蔗灌溉定额最高,其次为桂中区,桂南区的糖料蔗平均灌溉定额最低。3种灌溉保证率下桂南、桂中、桂北区的糖料蔗平均灌溉定额分别为1 547、1 806和1 963m~3/hm~2。 相似文献
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基于随机降雨的水稻优化灌溉制度 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
为了确定合理的水稻灌溉制度,在水稻灌溉试验资料的基础上,建立了以旬灌溉水量为决策变量的水稻灌溉制度优化模型,采用了蒙特卡罗方法和漳河灌区30 a实际降雨资料模拟出500 a的旬降雨,运用遗传算法解决以模拟降雨作为输入的优化模型,求得了每个模拟年份各旬在5种设定的灌溉定额条件下的灌溉水量,并通过对结果的统计分析,得到了不同灌溉定额条件下作物生长情况和各旬灌水量的概率分布。结果表明,漳河灌区30 a长序列旬降水服从伽玛分布。灌溉定额为120 mm时,中稻不发生枯萎;灌溉定额为180 mm时,基本保证中稻生长良好。以30 mm为灌水定额步长,灌溉定额为180 mm时,6月上旬和8月上旬各灌30 mm,6月中旬和7月下旬各灌60 mm。6月中旬、7月下旬和8月上旬缺水对产量的影响较大,其需水量应优先被满足。 相似文献
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《中国农村水利水电》2019,(8)
采用太阳能光伏提水是偏远地区解决能源的有效方法。通过建立太阳能光伏提水试验区进行研究蔗区太阳能辐射、发电量、提水量的月分配规律,重点分析太阳能辐射、发电量、提水量三者之间的关系。相关成果可为广西糖料蔗主产区应用太阳能解决蔗区提水灌溉能源问题提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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不同水平年烤烟灌溉制度优化设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用对净灌溉需水量作频率分析的方法,确定不同灌溉典型年;通过多年资料,利用 乘法模型计算得出不同年份烤烟各生育阶段水分敏感指数;利用节水灌溉制度优化设计的动态规划逐次渐进法,对烤烟不同水平年的灌溉制度进行了动态优化设计。结果显示,该模型充分反应了灌水时间、灌水定额、灌溉水量产生的烤烟产量效应,所建模型和参数确定较合理,实用性较强。 相似文献
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干旱区玉米滴灌需水规律的田间试验研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
在内蒙古干旱区的一种砂土及砂质壤土上 ,对玉米滴灌需水规律进行了田间试验研究。试验设置高灌水定额 ( 3 0~ 40 mm)、中灌水定额 ( 2 0~ 3 0 mm)和低灌水定额 ( 1 5~ 2 5 mm ) 3个处理 ,灌水周期相同 ,在需水高峰期为 3 d,其它时间为 4~ 7d。试验结果表明 ,中灌水定额处理的株高、叶面积和产量均明显高于低灌水定额处理 ,而高灌水定额与低灌水定额处理之间差异很小。因此对所研究土壤来说 ,建议采用灌水定额 2 0~3 0 mm,灌水周期 3~ 5 d的灌溉制度。这种情况下 ,玉米生育期需水量为 466mm (生育期有效降雨 1 0 1 .1mm)。对滴灌玉米作物系数的计算方法进行比较后发现 ,双作物系数法可以较好地描述灌水或降雨后地表蒸发对作物腾发的影响 ;在作物生育中期 ,分段单值平均法、双作物系数法的计算结果与实测值吻合良好。 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献