不同育苗方式对水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响

为了实现水稻的高产丰收,采用苯板隔寒、稻壳隔寒与常规育苗3种育苗方式对晚熟品种松粳9号进行育苗试验,研究隔寒增温对水稻育苗的影响。结果表明:水稻苗床隔寒增温早播高产栽培技术可以延长水稻营养生长期,促进植株提前成熟15d左右,争抢有效积温200℃左右,产量增加13.3%~19.5%,充分发挥了水稻晚熟品种的增产潜力,成为寒地稻作区高产稳产的重要途径。     

水稻隔寒增温育苗技术优势分析

水稻隔寒增温育苗摆栽技术是继水稻大钵体育苗技术、水稻两段式育苗技术之后的又一项比较先进成熟的栽培技术,是水稻大钵体育苗技术和水稻两段式育苗技术的有机结合,是水稻高产、高效栽培技术的完整与简化。水稻隔寒增温育苗栽培技术是利用当地晚熟高产优质品种,采用一次性育秧技术,提早育苗,目的是延长水稻营养生长     

水稻隔寒增温育苗技术的应用

通过应用水稻隔寒增温超早育苗技术,验证其配套相关技术,研究和探索配套寒地水稻高产栽培技术体系和模式。     

不同水分管理方式对水稻生长、产量及品质的影响

为探讨提高水稻产量和稻米品质的水分管理方式,通过盆栽试验,以中优849为材料,研究了常规淹水灌溉、干湿交替灌溉和湿润灌溉3种水分管理方式对水稻分蘖动态、生长、产量、产量构成和稻米外观品质的影响。结果表明,与常规淹水灌溉处理相比,干湿交替灌溉能促进分蘖,分蘖发生早,对株高无明显影响,而湿润灌溉不仅造成前期茎蘖增长慢,茎蘖数下降,而且还会影响地上部干物质积累。干湿交替灌溉能增加有效穗数和结实率,使产量提高12.63%,而湿润灌溉的结实率较低,产量降低8.71%。不同水分管理对穗长、千粒质量影响不大。干湿交替灌溉下稻米的精米率和整精米率均高于常规淹水和湿润灌溉,但垩白率和垩白度低于常规淹水和湿润灌溉。在水稻生产中以干湿交替灌溉取代常规淹水灌溉不仅可促进水稻生长、提高产量,而且还可以改善稻米品质。     

多效唑和氮肥用量对盛泰优018产量和品质的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了不同多效唑和氮肥用量对水稻品种盛泰优018产量和品质的影响。结果表明:适量增施氮肥可增加水稻有效穗数和每穗总粒数,提高籽粒产量,对稻米品质影响较小。施用多效唑,水稻籽粒产量明显增加,增产幅度最高可达3.1%,有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重均有小幅增加,但用量过大时会减少有效穗数;适量施用多效唑可提高稻米品质,稻米整精米率明显提高,直链淀粉含量和胶稠度小幅上升,垩白粒率和垩白度所有降低;株高随多效唑用量增加明显降低,增强水稻抗倒伏能力。适量增施氮肥和多效唑可提高盛泰优018的产量,改善稻米品质。     

优质水稻主推栽培技术模式和改善稻谷品质的技术途径

一、优质水稻主推栽培技术模式 1、大棚钵育摆栽技术模式 我省为寒地稻作区,水稻产量和品质一直受积温少、生育期短的制约,优质高产的中、晚熟品种利用率低。为此,延长水稻生育期,增抢积温是提高产量、改善品质的主要途径。水稻钵育摆栽技术模式,涵盖了水稻两段式钵体育秧、一段超早钵体育秧等新技术,采取两段育秧、地上三膜覆盖、地下隔寒（酿热）增温等技术,通过早育秧,抢积温,培育4.5叶、带1个蘖以上的壮秧。该项技术模式综合了现代水稻壮秧理论与高产栽培体系,突破了寒地水稻育秧的温度限制,实现超早育秧、钵体育带蘖壮秧,稀植早插,早生快发,优质高产高效,是在水稻旱育稀植技术的基础上的新发展和新突破,是实现我省水稻高产再高产的一项突破性技术措施。     

化肥减量配施不同类型腐植酸有机肥对盐碱地水稻产量和品质的影响

基于盐碱地土质差、水稻产量低的问题,以不施用腐植酸(A0)及化肥常规用量(B1)处理为对照,研究化肥减量[常规用量减量20%(B2)]配施不同类型腐植酸有机肥[粒状腐植酸有机肥(A1)、粉状腐植酸有机肥(A2)]对水稻产量和品质的影响,为盐碱地水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据与技术支持。结果表明,在不同施肥量水平下,A1处理明显增加水稻穗数,A2处理明显增加水稻结实率,从而2个处理较A0处理增加产量;不同类型腐植酸有机肥均可明显降低稻米的精米率、整精米率,增加垩白度和垩白粒率,A2处理明显增加稻米直链淀粉含量与食味评分,其中,食味评分较A0处理提高3.40%,但A2处理降低蛋白质含量。B2处理总体上可明显降低水稻穗数、穗粒数,降低产量,同时明显降低稻米的加工品质,增加垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量和食味评分。A1B1处理可增加水稻净光合速率、穗粒数,进而提高产量,并明显增加糙米率。A2B2处理明显增加稻米的垩白度和垩白粒率,降低外观品质,A2B1处理明显增加稻米食味评分。综上,A1B1处理产量最高,A2B1处理食味品质最佳。     

水稻隔寒增温超早育苗技术的研究

为了引进生育期比当地主栽品种高100～150度的优质高产高效的水稻品种,使水稻生产再登新台阶,我们研究了水稻苗床用苯板和稻壳做隔离层,进行早育苗,早插秧,保证水稻正常成熟的技术,也就是稻隔寒增温超早育苗技术的研究。     

论水稻隔寒增温育苗技术

正水稻隔寒增温育苗摆栽技术是继水稻大钵体育苗技术、水稻两段式育苗技术之后的又一项比较先进成熟的栽培技术,是水稻大钵体育苗技术和水稻两段式育苗技术的有机结合,是水稻高产、高效栽培技术的完整与简化。水稻隔寒增温育苗栽培技术是利用当地晚熟高产优质品种,,采用一次性育秧技术,提早育苗,目的是延长水稻营养生长期,争抢有效积温150~200℃左右,充分发挥晚熟品种的增产潜力,再利用地上和地下两种保温方式,使秧苗在大棚内达到带蘖壮秧,然后摆     

论水稻隔寒增温育苗技术优势分析

<正>水稻隔寒增温育苗摆栽技术是继水稻大钵体育苗技术、水稻两段式育苗技术之后的又一项比较先进成熟的栽培技术,是水稻大钵体育苗技术和水稻两段式育苗技术的有机结合,是水稻高产、高效栽培技术的完整与简化。水稻隔寒增温育苗栽培技术是利用当地晚熟高产优质品种,采用一次性育秧技术,提早育苗,目的是延长水稻营养生长期,争抢有效积温150—200℃左右,充分发挥晚熟品种的增产潜力,再利用地上和地下两种保温方式,使秧苗在大棚     

三超育苗对寒地水稻生育及产量的影响

以五优稻1号为供试品种,设A(两段育苗)、B(超早育苗)、C(常规育苗)等三个处理,研究了三种不同育苗方法对水稻生育及产量的影响.结果表明,处理间的秧苗素质差异显著;处理间的生育期差异非常大,但成熟期差异并不很大;处理间茎蘖动态、叶面积动态、干物质动态等均有极为明显的差异;产量呈A(12547.6kg/hm2)＞B(10679.3kg/hm2)＞C(7846.1kg/hm2).可见,处理A(两段育苗)和处理B(一段超早育苗)是寒地水稻超高产栽培的重要技术途径.     

Effect of Pot-Mat Seedling on the Quality of Machined Transplanting and Yield Formation of Super Early Rice

【Objective】Seedling raising in pot-mat tray was the key point of pot-mat seedling mechanized transplanting technology system. This technology was conducted in early rice season to study the effects of pot-mat seedling on mechanized transplanting quality and yield of super early rice.【Method】In this study, the super early rice varieties Zhongzao39 and Zhongjiazao17 were sown in pot-mat seedling tray (BT) and traditional flat tray (CK), and then the seedling emergence rate, seedling quality, root morphology and distribution, transplanting quality and yield were investigated.【Result】There were no significant differences of seedling emergence rate between pot-mat seedling and traditional flat-mat seedling. The root system of pot-mat seedling form bowl shape, and root surface area, root diameter and root volume increased compared with traditional mat seedling. 56.03% root of BT seedling was in the bottom bowl, and the upper root was 43.97%, while that of the control seedling was 37.86% at the bottom and the upper root was 62.14%. The root-cutting rate of Zhongzao 39 and Zhongjiazao 17 pot-mat seedlings were 25.06% and 14.24%, respectively, and lower than that of flat seedling. Under the same sowing, the seedling missing-transplanting rate of pot-mat seedling treatment decreased significantly, and Zhongzao39 decreased 1.67%-3.89%, Zhongjiazao17 decreased 1.66%-2.22%. Besides, the percentage of turnover seedling, floated and injured seedlings when seedling mechanized transplant decreased compared with that of the control. The plant height, and weight of leaves, stem, root, shoot and content of chlorophyll increased at 14 days after transplanting, indicating that it was helpful to promote the early emergence and rapid growth of seedlings. The grain yield of BT treatment was significantly higher than that of control, and the yield of Zhongzao 39 and Zhongjia Zao 17 increased by 6.35%-7.66% and 8.99%-10.87%, respectively. The increase in yield was mainly achieved by the increase in the number of effective panicles. The number of effective panicles treated by pot-mat seedlings machine transplanting of Zhongzao 39 and Zhongjiazao 17 increased by 2.14%-6.01% and 4.76%-6.98%, respectively.【Conclusion】Pot-mat seedling transplanting technology improved the quality of mechanical transplanting, reduced the missing-transplanting seedling rate and injury root rate of seedling. The technique could promote early emergence of tillers, increase the number of effective panicles, and achieve high yield.     

超级早稻钵形毯状秧苗机插效果及产量形成

【目的】通过钵形毯状秧苗机插技术在双季超级早稻上机插应用,探究机插效果及对产量形成的影响,以期为我国水稻机械化种植技术发展提供参考。【方法】以常规超级早籼稻中早39、中嘉早17为试验材料,采用水稻钵形毯状秧盘（BT）和传统平盘（CK）培育秧苗,考察种子出苗、秧苗素质、根系形态及分布、机插效果、产量并比较差异。【结果】水稻钵形毯状秧盘与平盘育秧种子出苗率差异不显著;钵形毯状秧苗根系独立成钵状,56.03%的根系在底层钵碗内,上部根系比例43.97%,且白根多,根数比对照略少,但根长度、根表面积、根直径和根体积有所增加,而对照秧苗的下部根系比例37.86%,上部根系比例高达62.14%;从机插效果看,中早39和中嘉早17钵形毯状秧苗的机插断根率比平盘毯状秧苗分别降低了25.06%和14.24%,相同播种量下,2年重复试验中早39钵形毯状秧苗机插的漏秧率比对照分别下降了3.89%和1.67%,中嘉早17下降了2.22%和1.66%,另外翻秧、漂秧、伤秧比例较对照也有所减少;钵形毯状秧苗机插14 d后的秧苗叶重、茎鞘重、根重、地上部总重量和叶绿素含量均比对照明显增加,表明有利于促进秧苗早发生长;产量比较,中早39钵形毯状秧苗机插比对照增产6.35%—7.66%,中嘉早17增产8.99%—10.87%,其中主要通过有效穗数增加实现增产,中早39和中嘉早17的钵形毯状秧苗机插处理有效穗数分别增加了2.14%—6.01%和4.76%—6.98%。【结论】水稻钵形毯状秧苗机插技术通过培育形成上毯下钵的钵形毯状秧苗,按钵取秧机插,有利于提高机插质量,减少机插漏秧率及伤根,促进秧苗早发,提高有效穗数,实现机插水稻高产。     

Effects of soilless substrates on seedling quality and the growth of transplanted super japonica rice

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soilless substrates of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings(HLMS) on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of transplanted super japonica rice. A widely grown conventional super japonica rice cultivar(Wuyunjing 23) was selected as the test material. The effect of HLMS on seedling quality, mechanical transplantation quality, field growth characteristics, yield, and benefit-cost ratio were compared with seedlings grown in organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil, which was selected as the control. Root number, root twisting power and root activity of seedlings cultivated by HLMS were decreased compared to that of the organic substrates and control. However, seedling root length as well as aboveground growth were increased compared to the organic substrates and control seedlings. In the HLMS, the content of gibberellin acid(GA_3) decreased while abscisic acid(ABA) content increased compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. During the early stages after transplanting, the re-greening of HLMS was delayed compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in tiller dynamics and crop yield among the HLMS, organic substrates and control treatments. The effects of HLMS on seedling production were similar to those of the organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil in the present study, suggesting that HLMS have the potential to replace traditional nutritive soil in seedling production without decreasing crop yield. Finally, it is important to reduce organic substrates and topsoil dependence during rice seedling production and worthwhile to consider HLMS popularization and its application on a larger scale.     

水稻育秧专用肥在早稻上的应用效果研究

将自行研制的水稻育秧专用肥与壮秧剂、化肥进行了应用效果比较试验。试验结果表明,水稻育秧专用肥与生产上推广的壮秧剂比较,应用于早稻育秧,能提高成秧率5个百分点左右,促进秧苗矮壮多蘖,提高出叶速率,促进地下部生长,提高根冠比和秧苗充实度,提高秧苗综合素质;与化肥比较,其秧苗素质更优。经育秧专用肥处理的秧苗移(抛)栽到大田后,返青快,始蘖期提早2d,前期的分蘖速率快,低节位分蘖发生率高,苗峰低,成穗率高,有效穗多,每穗粒数一般也多,结实率高,抽穗期的叶面积系数大,干物质生产量多,产量较壮秧剂和化肥处理高。     

晚杂新组合天丰优134适宜播种量及秧龄试验

以晚籼三系杂交新组合天丰优134为材料,研究了不同播种量和秧龄期对秧苗素质、生育进程、稻米品质及产量的影响.结果表明,该品种适宜的秧龄期为30 d,最长不宜超过35 d,作二季晚稻常规栽培适宜移栽叶龄为7叶左右,9叶期为其早穗的临界叶龄:在适宜的秧龄条件下,播种量为225.0 kg·hm~(-2)左右:该品种收获指数高、千粒重高、适应性强,其高产措施主要是稀播壮秧、增加分蘖、提高成穗率.     

水稻无纺布(蛇皮袋)育秧抛栽试验研究

2006年,以早稻优Ⅰ54、晚稻博优938为材料,在钦州市进行水稻无纺布(蛇皮袋)育秧试验,结果表明,水稻无纺布(蛇皮袋)育秧抛栽具有省种、省工、免用秧盘的优点,增产增收效果明显。早稻每公顷产量比对照(塑盘育秧)增产399kg,增长8.3%;晚稻每公顷产量比对照增产489kg,增长7.8%,比迟播10d的塑盘育秧抛栽增产699kg,增长11.6%。增产的主要原因是无纺布(蛇皮袋)育秧大大地提高了水稻的秧苗素质,在假茎高、假茎宽、单株根数和秧苗分蘖率等方面均优于对照,特别是秧苗分蘖率,优势更加明显,抛后分蘖早、分蘖多、够苗早。由于无纺布(蛇皮袋)育秧可以适当提早播种,对延长水稻的营养生长期,增加干物质积累,对晚稻培育适龄老壮秧、抢季节、避免“寒露风”危害更为有利。     

水稻编织布隔层育秧旱育保姆不同剂量拌种对比试验

进行早稻编织布隔层育秧旱育保姆不同剂量拌种对水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响试验。结果表明,水稻编织布隔层加旱育保姆拌种育秧能极大地提高水稻的秧苗素质,在假茎高、假茎宽、单株总根数、秧苗分蘖率、每穗实粒数、结实率、干粒重等方面均优于不用旱育保姆拌种的处理,增产效果明显,尤其以每公斤稻种用300～350g旱育保姆拌种处理的增产效果最好,与不用旱育保姆拌种处理相比呈极显著差异水平。因此,水稻编织布隔层加300～350g旱育保姆拌种育秧技术值得在生产中推广应用。     

水稻钵苗专用秧盘“一盘三用”高效利用研究

[目的]为提高机插钵苗专用秧盘利用率,降低育秧成本。[方法]用同一批秧盘在同一育秧季节先后育再生稻秧苗、一季中稻和麦茬稻秧苗,研究并比较其秧苗素质、产量及产量构成。[结果]同一批秧盘先后育出的3批秧的秧苗素质好、分蘖正常、产量高。且"一盘三用"将秧盘投入成本从787.5元/hm2降到262.5元/hm2,比正常机插毯苗育秧成本还低。[结论]机插钵苗"一盘三用"在信阳地区是可行的,能达到节本增效的目的,并且播期提早能够提高产量。