兴城县用生豆浆培养轮虫作为虾饵料

辽宁省兴城县水产研究所在对虾人工育苗试验过程中，为解决对虾的饵料问题，试用生豆浆培育轮虫获得成功。     

诱食剂在水产饲料中的应用

近年来,随着水产养殖业的迅速发展和鱼、虾、蟹等各类水产动物人工养殖规模化和集约化生产的形成,水产饲料诱食剂在饲料工业和水产养殖业中的应用及研究得到了长足的发展.自上世纪70年代以来,国外许多学者(特别是日本)纷纷开展了对鱼用饲料诱食成分的研究,鱼类的索饵、摄饵行为与化学刺激的关系日益明了.在鱼用饲料诱食成分的分离、分析、诱食活性成分定量分析、诱食成分人工模拟等方面取得了很大的进展.诱食剂已投入工业化生产,在养殖业中广泛应用,并已取得了明显的经济效益.我国在这一领域的研究偏少,近10年来才开始投入力量,而且主要以复配、仿制和摸索为主,自主研制和创新较少.因此,研究和发展水产饲料诱食剂的应用技术和开发产品对推动水产饲料工业与水产养殖业的发展和最大程度地提高养殖业水平有着十分重要的现实意义.     

大产动物诱食剂的研究与应用

综述了诱食剂及作用机理，诱食剂的种类、主要包括甜菜碱、动植物提取液、含S有机物、氨基酸、脂肪和糖类等，主要作用即促进摄食、营养和抗病、改进饵料品位，诱捕剂、提供新饵料源、和源食剂的应用前景。     

东南亚水产开发中心对虾育苗技术介绍

<正> 受农牧渔业部委派,我们于1985年9月1日～10月31日在菲律宾怡郎市参加了由世界粮农组织亚洲水产养殖中心联络网和东南亚水产开发中心联合举办的对虾育苗培训班。课程内容包括对对虾育苗场位置的选择,育苗场设计。斑节对虾育苗的操作和管理、班节对虾人工催熟、生物饵料的培养,以及人工配合饵料的制作等。后又参观了三个对虾育苗场和两个养殖场。现将学习和参观情况介绍如下:     

高效养鱼如何降低饵料系数

随着高效集约化水产养殖模式的不断推广,水产饲料在水产养殖过程中,所发挥的作用也越来越重要,如何降低饵料系数成为池塘高效养鱼降本增效的技术关键。笔者通过多年的生产实践,总结了以下6个方面的技术措施:     

浅论对虾人工配合饵料

本文介绍了对虾人工配合饵料的发展概况,论述了对虾对各种营养成分的需求并简介了对虾配合饵料的添加剂和粘合剂。     

甜菜碱在水产养殖中的应用

甜菜碱在水产养殖中的应用甜菜碱是新一代化学诱食剂，为白色结晶状的生物碱化合物（分子式为Ｃ５Ｈ１１Ｏ２Ｎ·Ｈ２Ｏ），除具腥味外，还是一种高效率的甲基供体；能代替蛋氨酸、氯化胆碱等，而且它是中性物质，不吸潮，添加在饵料中不会破坏维生素，可节省维生素添加量...     

对虾配合饵料的大面积应用和推广

对虾配合饵料的研究和应用是国内外对虾养殖生产中急待解决的问题，是农牧渔业部水产局重点攻关项目之一。1979、1980年我所承担了省科委、省水产局下达的对虾配合饵料的研究课题。研究的主要内容有：一、通过两年重复试验筛选出“802”和“821”配合饵料配方；二、配合饵料加工工艺的研究；三、配合饵料与鲜饵料交替投饵技术的研究。     

浅谈草鱼肝胆病的发生与治疗

近几年来,随着土地资源的日益紧缺和劳动力成本的大幅度攀升,传统种草养鱼的面积呈现出逐年萎缩的态势,越来越多的养殖户改用省工省时的人工配合饵料,作为吃食鱼的主要饵料来源,尤其是部分集约化程度较高的高产精养塘,甚至100%完全依赖于配合饵料,品种较为单一,特别是草鱼,长年不投喂青绿草料,人为地改变了草鱼原先的食草习性,随之而来的是草鱼肝胆疾病的多发与流行,且该病的发生呈逐年上升的趋势,可以说与上述改变食性有着相当大的关系.     

鱼虾配合饵料添加剂综述

鱼虾配合饵料添加剂有氨基酸、维生素、矿物元素、促生长剂、诱食剂、饵料粘合剂、着色剂、保健剂等。论述了以上几种添加剂目前的研究水平及应用现状,指出了我国在鱼虾饵料添加剂研究、应用中存在的差距,并指明了今后研究开发的重点。     

绿色饲料添加剂在水产饲料中的应用

在饲料工业的发展历程中，抗生素和化学抗菌合成物、重金属盐类、激素类物质的使用，曾经一度在防治动物疾病、提高动物生产性能等方面起到了巨大的作用，但因为它们的滥用所造成的严重后果也日益得到广泛的认识：药物残留、耐药性、免疫功能下降、动物易受应激的影响等，对生物本身、环境及人类生存均造成了严重的威胁。近年来，人们一直希望找到一些既安全又能有效地提高动物生产性能的饲料添加剂，它既有利于动物本身的生长，又能保持或改善动物的肌体品质，还不会影响生态环境和人类的健康，有利于可持续发展。“绿色饲料添加剂”正是在…     

Radiological risk assessment of fish feed and feed raw materials

In this study, natural radioactivity concentrations of fish feed and feed raw materials were assessed. Several feeds and raw materials were provided from the suppliers who dominate the aquaculture sector. ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K concentrations were determined by using a high‐purity germanium detector. The measured activity concentrations of samples ranged from 3.28 ± 0.27 to 15.90 ± 1.36, from 1.27 ± 0.10 to 12.07 ± 1.21 and from 52.01 ± 2.60 to 1,158.96 ± 54.42 Bq/kg for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K respectively. The gamma dose rate and annual effective dose rate of samples were calculated to be in the range of 1.99–50.47 nGy/h and 2.44–61.89 µSv/yr respectively. Since the calculated radiological risk parameters of the samples were lower than the world wide average values, the radiation hazard is insignificant for human handlers.     

利用糖酶降低猪禽饲料成本

<正>在饲料中添加糖酶具有可观的经济效益,尤其是谷物价格高时更是如此。当然,酶添加在不同的谷物中会产生不同的效果。在动物日粮中能量是最昂贵的"营养素"。实际上,单胃动物大部分的日粮中50%左右的能量来源于淀粉。而能量也可以从脂肪和非淀粉碳水化     

福建省水产饲料业的崛起与学科进步

水产养殖业的迅速发展带动了水产饲料业的进步。福建省水产饲料业经过近30年的稳步发展,饲料研发能力、产品产量与质量等均有较大的提高。本文概述了福建省水产饲料业的崛起与学科建设,指出了福建省水产饲料学科建设的重点发展方向。     

软质饲料与鲜杂鱼饵料饲养大黄鱼对比试验

为比较研究网箱养殖大黄鱼过程中分别投喂软质饲料与鲜杂鱼饵料的养殖效果,2011年5月于福建省马鼻玉井网箱养殖海区,选取平均规格为152 g/尾的大黄鱼,经过60 d的饲养,试验组全投软质饲料,对照组全投鲜杂鱼。结果显示：试验组与对照组每尾平均体重分别为256.9 g、231.3 g,饲料系数分别为2.505、7.306,大黄鱼每增重1 kg所需的饲料成本分别为15元、19.7元,投喂软质饲料进行饲养可节省成本4.7元。结果表明：投喂软质饲料的养殖效果优于鲜杂鱼,存活率更高,更具环保等综合效益。     

Growth and feed utilisation of rainbow trout subjected to changes in feed lipid concentrations

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss grew from 44 to 326 g in 96days when held at 12 °C. Fish were fed to satiation twice dailywith either high (L₁: 30.8%, L₂:31.4%) or lower-lipid feeds (C₁: 18.8%,C₂: 21.8%). Four feeding treatments were studied.Group C₁C₂ received feed C₁ for 43 days(days 0–43) and C₂ thereafter (days 44–96).Groups L₁L₂, L₁C₂ andC₁L₂ were subjected to dietary changes asindicated by the feed designations. After a short period of feedadaptation, fish ingested similar amounts of feed energy i.e., they ateless by weight of the lipid-rich (L) feeds. Feed lipid content did notaffect growth but fish fed L-feed had reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR) compared to fish fed C-feed (0.731 vs. 0.773) during days0–43 (P < 0.01). After 96 days,L₁L₂-fish were lower in body protein(15.8%) than the C₁C₂-fish (16.8%)(P < 0.01). L-feeds also tended to increase percentage lipidand reduce percentage whole body moisture and ash. A higher net proteinutilisation (NPU) was recorded in fish fed L-feeds (43.6%)compared to fish fed C-feeds (38.8%) in days 0–43(P < 0.05). This seemed to be the result of a lower proteinintake rather than a protein-sparing effect of feed lipid. Above athreshold value of approximately 6.5 mg protein eaten·g bodywt_{minus 1}·day_–1, NPU decreased.     

中草药复合饵料投喂草鱼后肾脏组织学观察

目的观察草鱼在投喂中草药复合饵料后不同阶段肾脏组织结构的变化。方法将5 000尾草鱼(约0.5 kg)随机平均分成两组,一组为对照组投喂普通饵料,一组为实验组投喂中草药复合饵料,分别于0、1、2、4、5周在每组取1尾剖取肾脏,制成石蜡切片,HE染色,10×40倍光学显微镜下观察。结果实验组草鱼肾脏组织中部分肾小管上皮细胞大小不一,致使管腔变窄且相互挤压程度加重;胞核数量增加,部分肾小球增生肥大。结论中草药复合鱼饵饲喂草鱼,可引起草鱼部分肾脏组织形态结构发生改变。     

Environmental effects on feed utilization

Both external and internal factors affect the response of fish to variations in dietary quantity and quality. An attempt is made to review major, recent studies on the series of intermediate steps (intake, digestion, metabolism, excretion and retention) involved in the global response of fish to environmental changes. Among these external factors, greater attention is however devoted to those that are the most important natural effectors within the aquatic environment: temperature, ambient oxygen and salinity. The changes brought about by a change in temperature at different levels of nutrient utilization have been studied to a great extent in the recent past. As temperature affects in the first instance, the voluntary food intake, a discussion on current nutrient requirement data should preferably be dealt with in absolute terms. While critical levels of oxygen below which growth is hindered are sufficiently defined for many species, precise data on the direct effects of oxygen deficiency on nutrient utilization are still fragmentory. With regard to salinity, a distinction between stenohaline and euryhaline species and a knowledge of the physiological mechanisms corresponding to their life cycles are required before attempting comparative analyses. Within euryhaline species, best performances are noted at salinities isotonic to the internal medium. Despite accumulating evidence on the effects of cyclical phenomena, the chronobiological approach to fish culture remains practically unexplored.     

鲆鲽鱼类饵料研究现状

鲆鲽鱼类隶属于硬骨鱼纲(Osteichthyes),鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes),俗称比目鱼类(Flatfishes),可分为鲆科(Bothidae)、鲽科(Pleuronectidae)和鳎科(Soleoidae).鲆鲽鱼类是中国海水鱼养殖种类中重要的组成部分,其肉质鲜美细嫩,营养丰富,具有极高的营养价值和经济价值[1].     

Fat content in turbot feed: influence on feed intake, growth and body composition

The influences of dietary fat concentration on growth and energy deposition were studied in two replicated groups of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). Individually tagged turbot (202.3 g) held at 15.6 °C were offered dry pellets in excess. These contained either high-fat (25.4%) or low-fat (16.6%) concentration and identical protein (43.2%). After 3 months, feed treatments were crossed in two replicates, and the remaining fish were offered a mix of feeds for a further 2 months. Fish were sacrificed for analysis of body composition at the start of the experiment, at the time of feed treatment changes and when the experiment was terminated. There were no significant differences in energy intake, specific growth rate or weight between treatments at any time during the experiment. At the time of the feed treatment change fish offered high-fat feed had a significantly higher relative body fat (8.2 vs. 6.3% w/w) and lower body water (71.2 vs. 73%), but there were no differences in protein or ash content. By the end of the experiment, differences in body composition had diminished. The results indicate that fat content in the turbot may be manipulated by changing the dietary fat content, apparently without major influences on weight gain.