共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
设施栽培中土壤盐分的形成和防治措施 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简述了设施栽培的作用及存在的问题,认为大量施肥造成的营养元素和其他盐类残根过剩以及设施内的土壤经受雨雪淋溶较少是造成设施栽培中土壤盐分浓度升高的主要原因。指出了地下埋设暗管、铺设稻草、种植苏丹草、多施有机肥、种植耐盐作物等是解决这一问题的有效方法。 相似文献
2.
设施甜瓜种植年限对土壤生物学特性和细菌多样性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以广西北海市种植不同年限的设施甜瓜土壤为研究对象,研究甜瓜不同种植年限对其设施土壤的理化、生物学性状的影响和细菌多样性的演变规律。结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,设施土壤 EC 值随着设施种植年限的增加逐年增大,而 pH 值却随着设施种植年限的增加而下降,两者均以种植 3 a 后变化幅度增大;另一方面,设施土壤中可培养微生物的数量,以及涉及碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性和微生物生物量(C、N、P)亦随着种植年限的增加而逐年下降,特别是种植 3 a 后的下降幅度表现出甚为剧烈的趋势;同时,设施土壤细菌多样性指数(H)、丰富度(S)和均匀度(Eh)指数亦随着设施栽培年限的增加而降低,同样表现出种植 3 a 后下降幅度加剧的趋势。此外,测序结果显示种植 3 a 后,设施土壤优势细菌种属主要以不可培养细菌为主;而且导致了诸如芽孢杆菌属、根瘤菌属等部分有益细菌种属的缺失。基于上述结果可知:施用化肥为主的甜瓜设施栽培连续 3 a 后易出现土壤肥力下降、质量劣化、发生盐渍化等危害。 相似文献
3.
4.
湖洼地秋作物较适宜夏大豆种植。实践证明,夏大豆迎茬种植较正茬减产幅度和对性状影响均较大。通过培能地力,深松土壤等一系列栽培措施,较好地解决了迎茬所造成的减产问题,从而使夏大豆迎茬种植获得高产。 相似文献
5.
6.
温度控制是设施葡萄栽培管理的重要环节。该文从温度控制、湿度控制、光照控制三方面对辽西地区设施玫瑰香葡萄生产种植中的控温技术进行详细阐述,分析了不同技术措施对设施玫瑰香葡萄的控温效果,为辽西地区设施玫瑰香葡萄种植技术进步与产业发展奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
<正> 前言设施栽培由于可避免气象灾害进行安全生产,在各类农活组成劳动高度分散的情况下,有能充分利用自家劳动力等优点,所以成为专业农户有力的发展方向。应用没施栽培,在土壤管理上需要更加精细,能够做到调节理想的生育状态,才可发挥设施栽培的固有机能。然而现时的设施栽培,存在着来自于土壤环境的许多问题,不用说调节生育,就连生长 相似文献
11.
12.
《Field Crops Research》1998,57(1):45-56
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is often cultivated in sandy soils that are very low in nutrients and organic matter. Under such conditions, yields often decline when the crop is grown successively without fertilizer application. An 8-year on-farm trial was conducted on sandy soils in northern Colombia to study effects of (1) surface mulching with residues of the grass Panicum maximum, (2) moderate applications of N, P and K fertilizer and (3) tillage on crop productivity, root quality and soil properties. Mulch applications significantly increased root and top biomass, increased root dry matter content while reducing its yearly variation, and decreased root HCN, particularly in the absence of fertilizer. Mulch applications also significantly reduced soil temperatures within the top 20 cm and increased soil organic carbon, K, P, Ca and Mg. Without mulch, soil pH decreased over the years. Annual applications of 21 kg ha−1 P resulted in a build-up of soil P, whereas no build-up of soil K was observed with applications of 41 kg K ha−1. The application of N, P and K fertilizer significantly increased root and top biomass and reduced root HCN, especially if no mulch was applied. Where both mulch and fertilizer applications were absent, root yield and top biomass declined over the years. Tillage, except when combined with fertilizer application, had no effect on root yield, top biomass, root dry matter or HCN contents. Neither were effects of tillage observed in any of the studied soil parameters. The trial indicated that, to sustain cassava productivity in poor sandy soils, applications of plant mulch and/or chemical fertilizer are highly desirable. 相似文献
13.
长期培肥下红黄壤区茶园土壤酶活性的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过红黄壤区茶园长期培肥试验,研究不施肥、全量化肥、半量化肥+半量有机肥、全量有机肥、全量化肥+豆科绿肥、半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥等不同培肥模式对土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,各培肥模式均能不同程度提高土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性,特别是半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥的培肥模式可显著增强这3种酶的活性,分别增加了2.82、7.73、0.33倍,而长期施用化肥对这些酶活性的促进作用则较小。此外,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量、土壤含水量、茶树株高及茶叶产量与土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性均有显著正相关性,说明这些酶对培肥模式的变化反应灵敏,可作为红黄壤区茶园土壤肥力水平和茶树生长状况的评价指标;而与过氧化氢酶活性的相关性较弱,该酶活性不能较好地表征土壤肥力状况。因此,半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥的培肥模式更有利于加快土壤中氮、磷等营养元素的循环,增加茶树的养分供应。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):53-80
Summary Soil and plant testing programs are still based on ‘trial and error’ methods and lack scientific underpinning in terms of relevant soil chemical and plant nutritional processes, and are site-specific. The programs are valuable when the objective is to diagnose and predict deficiencies of plant nutrients. The programs are less valuable for refined fertilizer strategies, like Integrated Nutrient Management, which are essential in the near future to satisfy changing agricultural, environmental, economic and legislative boundary conditions. A more scientific approach to soil and plant testing programs appears desirable. To reduce undesirable side-effects of fertilization on the environment, more emphasis should be placed on fertilizer type and on timing and method of application. 相似文献
17.
钾肥对砂质潮土夏玉米产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在砂质潮土上设置田间试验,研究了不同施钾量与钾肥施用方式对夏玉米产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明:随着钾肥用量的增加,夏玉米产量、土壤速效钾含量和植株钾素积累量均增加,要保持土壤速效钾平衡,钾肥用量应达150kg/hm2以上。相同施钾水平下,分次施钾的增产增收效应、钾肥当季回收率均显著高于一次基施肥处理。从钾肥的增产增收效应、钾肥当季回收率、土壤钾素平衡等多方面综合分析,以施钾量225kg/hm2分次施用时效果最好,与不施钾处理相比可增产1026kg/hm2,钾肥当季回收率为45.9%,并实现土壤速效钾的盈余。 相似文献
18.
19.