诱变选育木聚糖酶高产菌株及其发酵条件的研究

以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)XE6为出发菌株,经微波(MW)和硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,选育出一株遗传性状稳定的高产木聚糖酶菌株mAn1。利用单因素轮换法和正交试验法对菌株mAn1固态发酵产酶工艺进行了研究。结果表明:最适产酶条件为麸皮与玉米芯的添加比例6:4,硝酸铵2g,培养基起始pH值为4.5,固液比为1:1.8,500ml三角瓶中装培养基50g,30℃培养72h,在此条件下所产木聚糖酶的酶活为81151U/g,比出发菌株的酶活提高了34.88%。     

芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶固体发酵工艺研究

利用固体发酵对实验室筛选的芽孢杆菌021产木聚糖酶的培养基和发酵工艺进行研究。结果表明,以麸皮和黄豆饼粉(9:1)为主要基质,4%麦芽糖、4%硝酸铵有助于产酶。最佳发酵条件为:含水量65%、起始pH值8.0、发酵温度为37℃、接种量8%、250ml三角瓶装料20g、培养36h。在最佳发酵条件下,木聚糖酶酶活可达3.25U/g。     

产木聚糖酶类芽孢杆菌SD-29发酵条件优化

研究旨在对类芽孢杆菌SD-29产木聚糖酶的发酵条件进行优化,获取最佳发酵条件。以类芽孢杆菌SD-29为出发菌株,对其所产木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行分析,通过单因素试验对培养基中的碳源、氮源、金属离子以及初始p H值、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间进行优化。结果发现,最佳发酵条件为麦芽糖15 g/L、牛肉膏2.5 g/L、NaNO_3 2 g/L、KCl 0.5 g/L、Ca Cl_2 0.3 g/L,初始pH值为7,以2%的接种量接种,30℃、200 r/min培养18 h后,测得发酵上清液酶活为0.663 U/m L,与初始酶活0.144 U/m L相比,扩大了3.6倍。通过单因素试验优化类芽孢杆菌SD-29产酶发酵条件,木聚糖酶活力得到提高,该研究为后续木聚糖酶的性质研究和异源表达奠定基础。     

饲用复合酶固体发酵工业化生产

宇佐美曲霉YW-38是一株高产饲用复合酶的生产菌株。在20m3自动固体发酵罐内32～35℃间断通风发酵64h,YW-38产酸性蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、果胶酶和淀粉酶等复合酶系,其中:酸性蛋白酶和木聚糖酶活力分别为15200和1200U/g。本试验研究了YW-38菌株的工业化生产的最佳培养基配方和发酵工艺条件。发酵培养基组成为:麸皮800kg,豆饼粉200kg,(NH4)2SO420kg,KH2PO45kg,水分55%～58%,pH值6.2～6.5,发酵过程中补加2次无菌水,每次200kg。     

以柑橘皮为原料用宇佐美曲霉生产饲用复合酶的研究

以实验室筛选的一株可同时产纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和酸性蛋白酶的宇佐美曲霉A.us-amii-CF1为生产菌株,以柑橘皮为原料,对固体发酵培养基的水分含量、起始pH值、碳源、无机盐及柑橘皮粉与豆粕比例对产酶率的影响进行了研究,研究发现,当培养基配方为橘皮粉53%、豆粕23%、麸皮19%、尿素1%、Na2HPO42%、MnSO42%;最佳培养基水分为55%～60%时,菌种产酶活力达到CMC酶41.6U/g、β-葡萄糖苷酶102.2U/g、木聚糖酶2079.6U/g、酸性蛋白酶7884.6U/g。经干燥后的复合酶储存性能稳定。     

M-112木霉固态发酵羊胃容物产木聚糖酶的条件优化

通过研究培养基料比、固液比、无机盐、接种量以及培养时间等单因素对M-112木霉固态发酵羊胃容物的影响,并采用正交实验设计优化了固态发酵条件。研究表明,M-112木霉固态发酵羊胃容物产木聚糖酶是可行的,影响产酶最主要的因素为接种量。优化的发酵条件为胃容物50%,玉米:麦麸=5:5,CaCl2浓度0.5%,初始pH值5.0,固液比1:3,每10 g干培养基接种量2 ml(孢子数1.2～1.6×108 cfu/ml),发酵时间72 h,发酵温度30℃。经优化后的酶活水平达到了138.504 IU/ml。较已报道的同种木霉的最高发酵酶活提高达3倍左右。     

木聚糖酶固态发酵工艺及酶学特性研究

筛选出一株高产木聚糖酶的菌株U6-5,菌体固态发酵产酶条件的研究表明,最佳发酵培养基配方为:麸皮50g、花生壳粉30g、玉米芯粉20g、NH4NO30.5g、水110ml,每克原料接种量为3.05×105个孢子,最适发酵温度28～30℃,在此培养条件下发酵26～28h,木聚糖酶酶活达到6105U/g。该木聚糖酶具有较高的耐热、耐储藏性能。     

变温操作对黑曲霉A-25产木聚糖酶的影响

试验研究不同温度对黑曲霉生物量和木聚糖酶产量的影响,并通过单位质量菌丝的产酶量和酶谱探究木聚糖酶产量提高的原因。结果显示:黑曲霉A-25在33℃培养时获得最大的生物量,而在29℃时获得最高胞外木聚糖酶分泌量。因此,变温操作采用0~48 h在33℃下培养、之后降为29℃,木聚糖酶活力可达721 U/mL,比29℃恒温发酵提高18%,同时发酵周期缩短8 h。进一步研究发现,0~48 h阶段内变温发酵条件下黑曲霉菌丝体生物量明显增加,并且单位质量菌丝体的产酶能力也有不同程度的提高;木聚糖酶的酶谱检测发现,变温发酵促进木聚糖酶XynⅢ的提前表达,同时提高木聚糖酶XynⅠ和木聚糖酶XynⅡ的表达量。     

一株羽毛角蛋白降解菌的产酶条件研究

角蛋白是一种抗性强和难降解的硬性蛋白,角蛋白酶具有专一降解天然角蛋白的功能,可以显著提高角蛋白的消化率。地衣芽孢菌株K-19具有很强的羽毛角蛋白分解能力,本试验对该菌株的发酵产酶条件进行了优化,最终得到摇瓶发酵产酶的最佳培养基和发酵条件为:羽毛粉1.5%、玉米粉1%、黄豆粉1%、NH4Cl0.05%、NaCl0.05%、K2HPO40.03%、KH2PO40.04%、MgCl2·6H2O0.01%、酵母膏0.01%,pH值7.5～8.0;250ml三角瓶里装发酵培养液30ml,37℃,接种量4%,200r/min摇瓶发酵72h,该菌株产角蛋白酶的酶活可达246.8U/ml,比初始酶活128U/ml提高了93%。     

黑曲霉固态发酵木聚糖酶中试生产工艺的研究

试验对黑曲霉在曲盘中进行固态发酵木聚糖酶中试条件进行了研究。结果表明,最适的培养条件为:曲料厚度3～3.5cm,曲料初始含水量60%～65%,在32℃下培养60～70h,发酵期间翻曲,调节曲房空气温度和相对湿度,木聚糖酶活稳定在最高峰2500U/g。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …