粗枝木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌的研究

试验结果表明：粗枝木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌对提高其生长量效果显著。接种不同弗兰克氏菌菌株的粗枝木麻黄苗木的生物量。根瘤重量和数量及叶片Ｎ含量均表现出明显的差异，其中以８８０５２、８７０６６和８７２８７菌株接种效果最好。在接菌与施肥的试验中，接菌不施肥处理的苗木叶片Ｎ含量最高。     

不同桤木根瘤内生菌的分离培养及生物学特性

用根瘤切片法和根瘤均浆法,从四川桤木和台湾桤木根瘤中分离出2株根瘤内生菌,并对其形态观察、生理类型和生物学特性进行研究。结果表明:菌株AC0812S009和AC0812T017的形态特征、生理类型和生物学特性相似。菌株具有典型的弗兰克氏菌菌丝体形态,初步判定为弗兰克氏菌,菌株生理类型为B型,最佳培养条件——碳源为吐温—80,pH值为7.0,培养温度为28℃。     

木麻黄根瘤内生菌——弗兰克氏菌侵染特性的研究

对２５株木麻黄属和异木麻黄属的弗兰克氏菌进行侵染特性研究结果表明，从木麻黄属根瘤分离的弗兰克氏菌菌株在同属不同种木麻黄宿主之间可以交叉感染结瘤，显示其专一性在属的水平上。由异木麻黄属根瘤分离的弗兰克氏菌可以感染木麻黄属的根系结瘤，反映出其专一性在科的水平上。从木麻黄属和异木麻黄属分离的这些供试菌株均能侵染沙棘，结瘤率达４０％￣１００％，揭示出弗兰克氏菌具有跨越侵染不同科、属的能力。这些菌株全部不侵     

木麻黄弗兰克氏菌接种技术与接种效果的研究

本文对木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌的时间、方法、接种剂、接种量、菌株混合接种施肥与接种效果进行了研究。结果得出：最达接种时间为纪苗期；接种方法为切根接种法：海藻酸钙胶囊干、湿菌剂、草炭、蛭石菌与液体接种剂这五处接种剂之间的接种效果没有显著差异，接种量为高接种量较好，弗兰克氏菌与芽孢杆菌混合接种的效果和弗兰克氏菌单接种的效果好；施营养元素Ｐ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｃｏ和在红壤中加石灰能促进木麻黄的生长与结瘤；接种弗寺     

一种竹生炭角菌的分子系统鉴定及其菌丝体培养条件优化

在四川省邛崃市的慈竹蔸桩上多次采集到一个野生大型炭角菌标本,经分子系统和形态学鉴定该标本为薛凡尼氏炭角菌(Xylaria schweinitzii)。该文描述了该物种的子实体、菌丝体、菌落、无性型特征。以菌丝生长速率和长势为指标,探讨了7种碳源、7种氮源和不同p H、温度对薛凡尼氏菌丝体生长的影响。结果表明,薛凡尼氏菌丝体生长的最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨,最佳p H为5,最适温度为30℃。     

人工接种弗兰克氏菌的木麻黄幼林施肥效应研究

对人工接种弗兰克氏菌的木麻黄幼林进行施肥效应的研究结果表明：施肥能显著地提高木麻黄幼林的生长,施肥处理的树高和胸径分别比不施肥的增加０．８％～５７．１％和１０．１％～５５．３％;年均材积平均每公顷增长０．８８０ １４～２．８１７ ０４ｍ＾３。最佳施肥处理（配方）是Ｎ１００Ｐ２５０Ｋ３７．５。在人工接种弗兰克氏菌的木麻黄幼林三要素施肥中,第１、２年以Ｐ肥为主要影响因素,第３、４年以Ｎ肥为主要影响因素     

黄硬皮马勃培养特性的研究

用思茅松林地采集的黄硬皮马勃子实体实体分离的纯菌种，进行该菌的培养特性研究，通过不同碳源，氮源，维生素，pH值以及培养温度的实验。结果表明：在半组合培养基上，碳源以可溶性淀粉最好，乳糖最差，氮源以酵母浸膏最好，天门冬素最差，培养基的pH值以及培养温度对菌丝的生长影响很大，最适pH值是4．2－5．2，最适温度是25－30℃，该菌对维生素的要求不严格。     

木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌海藻酸钙菌剂大田试验研究

在广东省西部的阳西县、东部惠来县和中部台山市的滨海潲丘进行木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌海藻酸钙菌剂的大田试验。结果表明：接菌树木的高生长比对照增加６．６￣５３．１％,胸径增加１６．８￣４５．９％;叶片的Ｎ含量增加１８．１￣４０．２％;土壤营养元素除了Ｋ比造林前降你外,其余均增加６４．３￣２４９．９％,其中速效Ｎ增加最多;极际土壤弗兰克氏菌数量增加了２７７．４％,接菌效果可以持续到造林后第４年,但在第年时效     

法国和塞内加尔的木麻黄固氮研究——固氮树种改良利用考察报告之二

法国与塞内加尔合作在达喀尔试验站进行了长达10年的木麻黄固氮研究。该项目执行的是寄主树——木麻黄和共生固氮菌——弗兰克氏菌同步研究的路线。通过种源试验,无性繁殖培育出三十几个木麻黄优质无性系。在试验室里进行了弗兰克氏菌的分离培养及回接试验。     

木麻黄根瘤内生菌——弗兰克氏菌对青枯病菌的抑制作用研究

试验结果揭示了木麻黄弗兰克氏菌和木麻黄根瘤浸提液能抑制青枯菌生长,弗兰克氏菌Ｏｒ９３０２和９０２１菌株的抑菌效果比其它供试菌株高;粗枝木麻黄的根瘤浸提液抑菌效果较山地木麻黄和普通木麻黄的抑菌效果好。苗圃试验表明根瘤量高的苗木对青枯病具有较强的抵抗能力。     

Effect of different nitrogen and carbon sources and concentrations on the mycelial growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi under in-vitro conditions

Effect of different nitrogen and carbon sources and their concentrations in liquid media on the mycelial growth of six different ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species was studied. Differences were found in the utilization of the different nitrogen and carbon sources between the fungal species. All the species showed better mycelial growth in the medium containing ammonium as nitrogen source. Growth was low in all species in medium in which nitrogen was supplied in nitrate form. All the ECM isolates investigated showed reduced growth in the medium containing maleic acid as the carbon source. The effect of glucose and di-ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate concentrations on mycelia growth of all the six fungal species was studied with ranges for glucose of 2–40 g/l, and for di-ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate of 2–20 g/l. Cortinarius fulvoconicus and Cortinarius flexipes showed maximal mycelial growth at a glucose concentration greater than 20 g/l. Suillus luteus, Scleroderma citrinum, Laccaria laccata, and Tricholoma aurantium showed maximal growth at a glucose concentration of 20 g/l. All six species showed maximal mycelial growth at 5–10 g/l of di-ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate concentration and with increased concentration mycelial growth in all species decreased.     

木麻黄与根系微生物关系研究进展

木麻黄是我国沿海防护林基干林带中的主栽树种,与土壤中的微生物可以形成共生关系,提高自身耐干旱、抗贫瘠、抗盐碱等适应恶劣环境的能力。土壤中的细菌和真菌能够与木麻黄根系形成稳定的相互作用的微生态系统,其中微生物主导的物质代谢循环是植物获取营养的主要来源之一,反之木麻黄的根系分泌物可以为微生物的生长提供养分。文中综述了木麻黄与根系微生物之间相互作用的相关研究,尤其是接种弗兰克氏菌（Frankia）及菌根菌提高木麻黄抗逆性方面的研究进展,对木麻黄与根系微生物体系的促生、抗逆机制进行了探讨和展望。     

3株滨麦内生镰刀菌毒素积累及对北美枫香幼苗生长和耐盐性的影响

[目的]探讨3株源于滨麦的内生镰刀菌对北美枫香幼苗生长和耐盐性的调控效应,为开发极端环境中内生菌资源应用于林木抗性育苗提供理论基础。[方法]结合形态学和分子系统学方法鉴定内生镰刀菌并体外检测其毒素种类及含量,建立内生镰刀菌与无菌北美枫香实生幼苗共培养体系;利用台盼蓝染色观察菌株在根系组织中形成的侵染结构;在正常和盐胁迫条件下,研究内生镰刀菌对幼苗生长和耐盐性的影响。[结果]3个菌株分别为黄色镰刀菌(Class2-1B)、假禾谷镰刀菌(Class2-1C)和1株未鉴定到种的镰刀菌(Class2-3)。与2株强毒力农作物病原镰刀菌相比,Class2-1B、Class2-1C产毒素类型和含量极少,而Class2-3能产生大量恩镰孢菌素。Class2-1B、Class2-1C菌丝能顺利进入根部皮层细胞并形成串珠状的膨大细胞,Class2-3菌丝几乎只在根表定殖。接种试验表明:Class2-1B、Class2-1C接种幼苗的生物量、株高、根长和叶片数等多数指标显著高于对照组(P 0. 05),而Class2-3对幼苗生长有明显的抑制和毒害作用。3个菌株孢子混合接种也对幼苗表现出一定的促生效应。在海盐溶液胁迫处理下,Class2-1B处理组幼苗盐害指数显著低于对照组(P 0. 05),但处理组幼苗叶绿素体色素含量与对照组相比并无显著差异。[结论]3株内生镰刀菌菌株对北美枫香幼苗生长和耐盐的调控存在显著差异,正负效应可能与镰刀菌产毒素类型及含量有密切关系。     

Growth, nitrogen fixation and mineral acquisition of Alnus sieboldiana after inoculation of Frankia together with Gigaspora margarita and Pseudomonas putida

The role of tetrapartite associations among Frankia, Gigaspora margarita (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus), Pseudomonas putida (rhizobacterium), and Alnus sieboldiana in growth, nitrogen fixation, and mineral acquisition of A. sieboldiana was investigated. Seedlings of A. sieboldiana were inoculated with Frankia isolated from root nodules of alder, followed by inoculation of G. margarita and P. putida, and were grown for 5 months in a greenhouse. The seedlings inoculated with Frankia and G. margarita together produced the highest biomass of shoots and root nodules. Nitrogen-fixation activity, measured by acetylene reduction assay, was observed when Frankia was inoculated. The activity, on a per-nodule gram basis, decreased after G. margarita inoculation, but on a per-plant basis there was no significant difference in the activity among inoculation treatments. The mineral content in the seedlings changed after inoculation with Frankia, but not after inoculation with P. putida and/or G. margarita. The results showed a synergistic interaction among Frankia, the mycorrhizal fungus, and the rhizobacterium on the growth of A. sieboldiana.     

The influence of carbon nutrition on Armillaria ostoyae growth and phenolic degradation

Concentrations of 1, 5 and 25 g C L^?1 as glucose, fructose and sucrose were added to basal media containing 0 or 1.0 mM catechol orwa-hydroxybenzoic acid. Media were poured in petri dishes and inoculated with one of three isolates of Armillaria ostoyae(Romagn.) Herink. Armillaria ostoyae isolates usually had greater colony size and biomass yield when glucose was the carbon source as compared to fructose or sucrose. When compared to A. ostoyae growth on basal media alone, 1.0 mM catechol and /wvi-hydroxybenzoic acia added to basal media inhibited A. ostoyae growth. In a second experiment, catechol andpara-hydroxybenzoic acid degradation by three A. ostoyae isolates growing on 1, 5 and 25 g C L^?1 glucose, fructose or sucrose were measured radiometrically. Carbon source and concentration had no effect on the degradation of pzra-hydroxybenzoic acid or catechol by Armillaria ostoyae. Results of these experiments suggests that A. ostoyae can grow faster when at high carbon concentration but cannot more effectively degrade catechol or para-hydroxybenzoic acid.     

Effect of Frankia inoculation on the growth of Alnus sieboldiana on unsterilized soil

The effect of inoculation with Frankia, a N-fixing actinomycete, on the growth of Alnus sieboldiana seedlings was studied on unsterilized soil from a nursery and an alder stand (forest of Alnus firma). The seedlings of A. sieboldiana were inoculated with Frankia before or after a 2-month culture on sterilized vermiculite, during which they nodulated, and transplanted to unsterilized soil from the nursery and the alder stand. The control seedlings were also cultured on sterilized vermiculite for about 2 months and transplanted to unsterilized soil without Frankia inoculation. The seedling growth, nodulation and N-fixing activity were measured 3, 10 and 16 weeks after the transplantation. Growth and nodule biomass of the seedlings inoculated with Frankia and those grown on the alder soil were better than those without inoculation with Frankia and grown on the nursery soil, respectively. The seedlings inoculated before spontaneous nodulation grew better than those inoculated at the transplantation. Nitrogen-fixing activity measured by acetylene reduction assay at 16 weeks after the transplantation was higher in the seedlings grown on the soil from the nursery than on the soil from the alder stand.     

Growth response and nutrient utilization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Casuarina equisetifolia</Emphasis> seedlings inoculated with bioinoculants under tropical nursery conditions

We investigated the role of tetrapartite associations between an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus geosporum), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Paenibacillus polymyxa), Frankia and Casuarina equisetifolia on growth, nutrient acquisition, nutrient utilization and seedling quality of C. equisetifolia. Seedlings of C. equisetifolia were grown in an Alfisol soil and inoculated with G. geosporum, P. polymyxa and Frankia either individually or in combinations. Inoculation of bioinoculants stimulated seedling growth, the efficiency of nutrient uptake and improved seedling quality. However, microbial inoculation generally reduced the efficiency of nutrient utilization in dry matter production (nutrient use efficiency). Inoculation of P. polymyxa or Frankia increased the extent of AM colonization, which resulted in the accumulation of the nutrients. Seedlings inoculated with Frankia and G. geosporum had more, and heavier nodules compared to seedlings inoculated with Frankia alone. Dual inoculation of microbes was more effective than individual inoculations. The growth response of seedlings to inoculation involving all the microbes was greater than the response to either individual or dual inoculations. The results of this study showed that the tetrapartite association could improve the growth, nutrient acquisition and seedling quality of C. equisetifolia under tropical nursery conditions.     

Cultural characters and growth of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum isolates1

Isolates of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum (CQ), which cause leaf blight of Eucalyptus in Kerala, differed significantly in growth and cultural characters on nine different agar media. Malt extract agar and yeast malt agar and yeast malt agar were the best media for discerning differences among the CQ isolates. Of the 11 carbon (C) and 13 nitrogen (N) sources evaluated in liquid media for their differential utilization by the five selected CQ isolates, five each of C and N sources differentiated them from each other. In general, organic N sources supported better growth and micro-sclerotia production over inorganic, and hexose and disaccharide over trisaccharide and polysaccharide.     

澳大利亚ECM菌在尾叶桉上的筛选及其接种效应

报道４３种澳大利亚及２种国产外生菌根菌株在广东尾叶桉人工林上的筛选试验的初期研究结果。分别对试验林６、１２和２４个月的生长情况进行了调查,数据分析结果表明,与未接种对照林木相比,接种试验林在树高和地径（或胸径）生长量上均表现出显著的接种优势（Ｐ〈０．０１）;接种林３次调查平均树高生长量最大增幅分别为２６．１％、３３．７％和２７．４％,地径（或胸径）最大增幅分别为１９．２％、２１．５９％和１９．３２％;２４个月时每公顷材积最大幅为５６．８％。Ｅ０７１０（Ｌａｃｃａｒｉａ）、Ｈ４６７０（Ｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｏｍｙｃｅｓ）、Ｅ４５０１（Ａｍａｎｉｔａ）、Ｅ２０１３（Ｌａｃｃａｒｉａ）、Ｃ９３０１（Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ）、Ｈ１２７２（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｒｍａ）、Ｈ１１９４（Ｔｈａｘｔｅｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ）、Ｈ０６０３（Ｓｃｌ     

大兴安岭不同冻土活动层对兴安落叶松生长和更新的影响

研究不同冻土活动层兴安落叶松的生长状态、更新苗生长和碳储量变化,探讨冻土与植被的依存关系,为今后大兴安岭兴安落叶松的经营提供参考。通过3年野外调查数据分析,对比兴安落叶松胸径、树高、生物量,更新苗的生长指标、枯损碳量和进阶碳量的变化差异。结果表明,随着冻土活动层深度的增加,不同径阶组中不同活动层兴安落叶松生长趋势为CK＞2.0 m活动层＞1.0 m活动层＞0.5 m活动层,且差异性均为显著（P＜0.05）;不同厚度的冻土活动层兴安落叶松更新苗的各生长指标均有显著差异性（P＜0.05）,其中地径和树高差异达极显著（P＜0.001）;随着冻土活动层深度的增加,碳的生产力也逐渐增加,进阶碳量的总体趋势为CK＞2.0 m活动层＞1.0 m活动层＞0.5 m活动层,枯损碳量呈相反趋势（CK＜2.0 m活动层＜1.0 m活动层＜0.5 m活动层）。因此,冻土活动层厚度的不同是影响兴安落叶松生长发育和碳储量释放的重要因素,本研究为今后高效经营大兴安岭冻土区兴安落叶松提供了重要的理论依据。