四川松针上散斑壳菌致病毒素的确定及其致病性差异研究

生物活性测定表明,针叶树散斑壳真菌、松针散斑壳真菌、四川散斑壳真菌及二郎山散斑壳真菌在液体培养基中均可产生导致其寄主针叶枯死的致病毒素。研究表明4种散斑壳真菌毒素均为非蛋白质类组分,结合电导率的测定,发现4种毒素对其来源寄主松针及其他几种松针的毒性存在着差异,其中四川散斑壳真菌所分泌的毒素致病性相对最强。通过对3种不同科属杂草和雪松针叶的生物测定,得出4种毒素均为非寄主专化性毒素。     

针叶树斑痣盘菌科真菌病原调查*

本文研究了安徽一些针叶树上的斑痣盘菌，共３属５种。其中：皖南散斑壳（Ｌｏｐｈｏｄｅｒ－ｍｉｕｍｗａｎｎａｎｅｎｓｅＣ．－１．Ｈｏｕ）为一新种，杉木小鞋孢盘菌（Ｓｏｌｅａｌｌａｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｅ），汉德尔舟皮盘菌（Ｐｌｅｉｏｄｅｒｍａｈａｎｄｅｌｉｉ）等４种为国内已知种，对新种作了汉文和拉丁文描述，记载了已知种的生态习性。     

我国松树上散斑壳属真菌研究进展

对散斑壳属真菌分类研究进展进行论述,重点记述我国松树上散斑壳属中28个种的寄主及分布,对散斑壳属真菌致病性研究作了阐述,并对散斑壳属真菌的研究现状及前景进行了分析和展望。     

赤松针叶上4种散斑壳真菌致病性接种试验

对野外赤松针叶上采集到的针叶树散斑壳、松散斑壳、光亮散斑壳和雪松散斑壳共4种真菌,在温室内盆栽赤松幼苗上进行致病性接种试验,结果显示：不同接种处理方法在两次接种试验中均获成功,擦伤处理方法接种成功率最高,处理过的接种发病率高于不处理的;散斑壳4个菌种中针叶树散斑壳的寄生率最高,有较强致病性。4个菌种接种后症状表现出一定的差别,针叶树散斑壳和松散斑壳侵染针叶出现症状最快,有性子实体出现较晚。光亮散斑壳和雪松散斑壳侵染后的前5周内发病缓慢,但有性子实体出现较早。     

油松常见2种散斑壳属真菌致病性的研究

通过标本采集、分类鉴定和接种试验方法对采自辽宁东部地区油松上针叶树散斑壳(Lophodermium conignum)、松针散斑壳(Lophodermium pinastri)2个真菌种的致病性进行了研究,结果发现这2个种均是引起油松落针病的主要致病种,并且症状表现、致病特点均存在着一定的差异。     

我国松落针病研究的新进展

简要论述松落针病病原散斑壳属分类研究的进展，详细介绍我散斑壳菌的种类，寄主和分布，并对寄生性和兼性寄生种类的特征进行比较。重点叙述三种松落针病的发生为害，侵染循环和流行规律，最后给出松落针病的综合防治措施。     

我国松落针病研究的新进展

简要论述松落针病病原散斑壳属分类研究的进展，详细介绍我国散斑壳菌的种类、寄主和分布，并对寄生性和兼性寄生种类的特征进行比较。重点叙述三种松落针病的发生为害、侵染循环和流行规律，最后给出松落针病的综合防治措施。     

四川松树6种散斑壳菌记述

松落针病是四川省松林中的一类重要病害，可危害多种松树，造成严重损失。该文报道了四川松树上的6种散斑壳茵：Lophodermium conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz．，L．pinastri(Schrad．)Chev．，L．sichuanense Qiu et Liu，L．indianum Singh et Minter，L．australe Dearn，L．sp(待定新种)，并对其主要特征作了记述。     

松落针病药剂防治试验

通过测试多菌灵、百菌清、炭疽福美、福美双、代森锌、代森锰锌、甲基托布津、代森铵、苯菌灵、退菌灵、炭特灵、克菌丹等12种不同杀菌剂对松针散斑壳菌(Lophodermiumpinastri(Schrad )Cher )孢子萌发的抑制作用,认为不同杀菌剂对松针散斑壳菌作用效果不同,药剂筛选结果表明代森铵、多菌灵、百菌清和退菌特等杀菌剂对松针散斑壳菌有较好的抑制作用。对马尾松幼林的松落针病作小区和林间防治试验,结果表明,林间应用45%代森铵水剂防治效果最佳,平均防效达81 2%。     

红松上三种散斑壳菌培养特性的研究

散斑壳属(Lophodermium)真菌是松树针叶的重要分解菌,在松林的物质循环中起着重要作用.但其菌种不同,所起的作用也不一样,有的可以分解活体针叶,而引起红松落针病,有的则分解落地针叶,以加速其物质循环.根据有关报道和我们观察,     

崖柏属植物的核型分析

[目的]为了从细胞学角度探讨崖柏属植物分类与进化问题,[方法]采用根尖压片法对崖柏属5种植物进行核型研究。[结果]表明:崖柏和日本香柏的核型公式为2n=2x=22=18m(2SAT)+4sm,朝鲜崖柏、北美乔柏和北美香柏的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m(2SAT)+2sm,5种植物的核型均属于1A类型。[结论]该属在柏科中可能处于比较进步的进化地位;通过进化趋势图分析发现,崖柏在该属中分化最晚,而朝鲜崖柏则较原始。     

鹅掌楸人工林的丰产特性

闽北山地多种阔叶树的对比造林试验和鹅掌楸人工林经营研究表明,鹅掌楸具有适应性强、早期速生等丰产特性,是南方基地造林的优良阔叶树种。造林后第３年鹅掌楸即进入速生阶段,在较好的立地上,８年生时平均树高１２．６ｍ,平均胸径１２．４ｃｍ,立木蓄积年生长量超过１６ｍ＾３．ｈｍ＾２。可利用较好的立地纯林经营,并根据培育目标设计不同的安植密度。在较差的立地上与桤木、木荷、杉木、建柏等混交效果较好。鹅掌楸叶大量多,不论纯林还是混交林对土壤培肥作用都很明显。     

国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展

无患子属（Sapindus L.）种质资源是无患子产业发展的基础,种质资源研究可为探讨无患子属的起源、进化、分类、资源保护与利用、良种选育、高效栽培等提供科学依据和基础。文中综述了国内外无患子属分类、分布及亲缘关系,种质资源的收集、保存与评价,种质资源多样性等方面的研究进展,得出如下结论:1）世界上无患子属树种共13种,我国分布4种1变种;2）我国多个研究团队收集、保存无患子属种质资源近1 000份,以假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸利用为目标,筛选评价出性状优异的9个种源、7个家系和54株优树;3）无患子种质资源在表型、假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸、遗传等方面多样性丰富,并受环境因子极大的影响,根据遗传多样性分析推测我国无患子起源于自然分布区中部并向四周扩散。研究认为,目前研究仍存在种质资源收集不足、缺乏对该属树种系统研究和无优良品种推出等亟待解决的问题,提出应加强无患子属分子生物学基础研究、以居群为单位加强无患子属种质资源收集和评价力度、加强良种选育和高效培育技术以及国际合作研究等建议,以期为无患子产业可持续发展提供有力支撑,促进无患子属种质资源的开发利用。     

Incidence and new records of Mycosphaerella species within a Eucalyptus globulus plantation in Western Australia

Eucalyptus globulus is the predominant exotic hardwood plantation species in Western Australian (WA), and is often planted adjacent to native eucalypt forests. The increase in number of Mycosphaerella species associated with Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) in E. globulus plantations in WA in the past decade has raised concern about the possible movement of pathogens between the native forests and plantations. In order to determine whether the introduction of new E. globulus genetics into WA may have further exacerbated this situation, juvenile and adult foliage were taken from a genetics trial near Albany, WA consisting of 60 full-sib families and Mycosphaerella species identified using morphological and molecular tools. Eleven species of Mycosphaerella were identified from one plantation: Mycosphaerella fori (Pseudocercospora fori) and Mycosphaerella ellipsoidea are new records for Australia; Mycosphaerella tasmaniensis (Passalora tasmaniensis) and Mycosphaerella suttoniae (Kirramyces epicoccoides) are new records for WA; and Mycosphaerella nubilosa, Mycosphaerella cryptica, Mycosphaerella marksii, Mycosphaerella molleriana, Mycosphaerella lateralis, Mycosphaerella aurantia and Mycosphaerella parva, previously recorded for WA. The most frequently isolated species from juvenile foliage was M. marksii (77%) followed by M. nubilosa (33%). M. nubilosa was most frequently isolated from adult leaves (88%) followed by M. parva (7.5%). Three species, M. molleriana, M. lateralis and M. cryptica, were only isolated from adult leaves while M. ellipsoidea was only isolated from juvenile leaves. These records increase the number of known Mycosphaerella species from eucalypts in WA from 10 to 13. The increase in the number, distribution and impact of Mycosphaerella species contributing to MLD in WA is of concern both to the potential productivity of the plantations and the biosecurity of native WA Eucalyptus species. Continued monitoring of the plantation estate is required to understand the dynamics of the host–pathogen interactions.     

鹅掌楸属植物研究进展及其繁育策略

评述了鹅掌楸属2种植物在历史演化和生殖生物学、资源保护、引种及其杂交育种等领域的研究现状和存在的问题。并对其今后的繁育策略提出初步设想。     

Senna alata

A review is made of chemical, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological papers dealing with Senna alata (L.) Roxb., a plant that belongs to the Creole traditional system of medicine and that has recently been introduced in the French Pharmacopoeia. The proofs existing for its various usages are presented. The species is mainly used against constipation and skin diseases. The laxative activity is supported by scientific findings. In contrast the dermatologic use requires further investigation. The species can be considered as safe for short-term or topical use.     

Lignans ofLinum flavum var.compactum

A new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan 7.6-dihydroxybursehernin, together with six known lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol,-peltatin,-peltatin, 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin) were isolated from the methanol extracts ofLinum flavum var.compactum. The enantiomeric analysis of pinoresinol and lariciresinol isolated from the species, which are upstream lignans in the lignan biosynthetic pathway, indicated that they are not optically pure, which is in accordance with our recent findings on lignans occurring in other plant species.Parts of this report were presented at the 42nd Lignin Symposium, Sapporo, October 1997; and the 43rd Lignin Symposium, Fuchu, October 1998     

云杉属树种谱系地理学研究

云杉属谱系地理学主要是研究云杉属种群遗传结构的历史动态规律,以及气候振荡和地质变迁对种群分布范围、种群间基因渐渗及遗传分化的影响。文中综述了国内外云杉属谱系地理学的研究进展,结论如下:我国西南山区和青藏高原（QTP）地区云杉属树种谱系地理学研究,验证了上新世QTP上升和第四纪冰期气候振荡对该物种进化起到推动作用,该物种在这2个时期快速分化;在云杉属争议种的研究中,通过对云杉属复合种群的群体结构展开研究,揭示了种群间的基因渐渗常存在于有较低基因流的基因组,方向通常是由本土树种向入侵树种渗透;某些种群之间的基因渐渗可有助于在一些基因位点上增加这些种群和其他种群之间的分化,导致生殖隔离的产生;云杉属天然杂种多被发现在种群的对称分布区边缘、或者其重叠分布区,杂种经过异地扩张又形成了新种,验证了云杉属网状进化的历史,并证明了生境特征决定杂交优势种的分布边界。