消除兽药在动物体内残留的措施

正不科学的兽药使用会产生大量的药物残留,对环境和人体健康造成危害。为此,应该分析在养殖过程中兽药残留的原因,提出有效的防护措施,减少兽药残留对养殖业的影响。1兽药残留的原因在动物养殖的过程中,有些养殖户为了控制疫病的传播和蔓延不按照国家规定使用兽药,长期过量或大量的使用兽药会造成动物体内大量的药物残留。在动物饲养的过程中,     

浅议饲料中抗生素的安全使用问题

抗生素作为饲料添加剂的大量使用带来了耐药性和药物残留等问题.合理使用抗生素,确保动物及动物源食品的安全至关重要.本文就饲料中抗生素的安全使用问题进行了探讨.     

关于我国畜牧业生产中限制抗生素的使用问题

<正>我国在食用动物生产方面抗生素使用量约占全球抗生素使用量的30%。2013年使用的16.2万吨抗生素中,动物使用52%、人使用48%。在畜牧业生产中长期大量地滥用抗生素已造成了严重的危害:加速了大量耐药菌株的产生,导致动物机体免疫力下降,诱发各种疫病的发生与流行;抗生素防治作用     

澳大利亚研制出新的低成本口蹄疫检测方法

英联邦科学和工业研究组织（CSIRO）澳大利亚动物卫生实验室的研制出一种新的低成本的口蹄疫检测方法，这种方法使用非传染性病毒材料，可以区分口蹄疫病毒的所有7的毒株和区分感染动物与接种动物。该法使用重组抗体区分感染动物与接种动物，重组抗体可以以低成本大量生产。     

朝阳市双塔区规模蛋鸡场兽用抗菌药使用减量化技术推广模式及经验

长期以来,兽用抗菌药在动物疫病防控中使用极为广泛,在动物细菌性疫病防控、混合感染、预防用药、促生长等方面均发挥极为重要的作用。但是,受动物疫病复杂性的影响,大量抗菌药在养殖场不合理使用,导致药物疗效越来越差,最重要的是大量动物源食品的药物残留,给人类食品安全带来了极大的隐患。近年来,农业农村部开展兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动,对于解决以上问题,具有极强的现实意义和重要性。朝阳市双塔区积极响应农业部号召,因地制宜,选取试点场,用两年年时间,探寻出适应当地的兽用抗菌药使用的最佳模式,并积累了宝贵的工作经验。     

食品动物源细菌耐药性与公共卫生

抗菌药在畜禽养殖上大量应用,对治疗和预防动物疾病、促进生长、提高畜牧业产量起到了积极的作用,但动物使用抗菌药导致大量耐药菌出现,一方面造成动物疾病防治屡屡失败;另一方面大量的动物源耐药菌可通过食物链转移到人体,如是病原菌则直接导致人类疾病治疗的失败,如是非病原性耐药菌则可能在人体肠道中将耐药基因传递给其他病原菌而引发疾病。因此,食品动物源耐药菌对人类健康和公共卫生的潜在威胁引起了广泛关注。     

论生猪养殖的标准化模式

<正>现代集约养殖恶化了动物生存环境,高度密集,空间狭小,给动物造成巨大的生理和心理压力;污染严重,缺乏阳光,空气窒息,有害微生物和寄生虫大量繁殖;为了促其快速生长,大量使用化学类药物饲料添加剂。这些原因迫使动物改变生态习性甚至改变其生理机能。因此,开展畜禽标准化养殖很有必     

发酵中草药添加剂的概述

为了满足养殖业规模化、商业化的发展要求,兽药及抗生素添加剂在动物生产中被大量使用,它在降低动物病死率、缩短动物饲养周期、促进动物产品产量的增长和畜禽集约化养殖等方面发挥着积极作用。同时,由于药品使用量越来越大,导致这些药物在动     

控制兽药残留保障食品安全

<正>兽药残留指给动物使用兽药(包括兽药添加剂)后,蓄积或贮存在动物体内的药物原形或代谢产物。人们吃动物源性食品(比如鸡肉、猪肉、牛奶等)时,残留在动物体内的兽药就可以进入人体,从而给人体造成危害。近年来,随着养殖业的大力发展,各种兽药、饲料添加剂的大量使用,我国兽药残留的问题日益突出。     

兽药残留的原因、危害及对策

1原因 乱用、滥用兽药作为饲料添加剂。抗生素兽药在预防、治疗动物疾病,促进动物生长方面发挥了积极的作用,但某些养殖户为了获取更高的经济利益,在饲料中违规或滥用抗生素等兽药。还有饲养者使用兽药后不遵守休药期的规定,在出栏前或产奶期滥用兽药,造成兽药残留。长期或过量使用兽药。畜禽养殖户为有效预防阶段性疾病,会在饲料中大量添加抗菌、抗虫类药物,造成大量的药物在动物体内富集残留。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.